Genetic analysis and management in small populations: the Asturcon pony as an example

International audienc

Genetic Diversity of Five Galician (Northwestern Spain) Local Primitive Bovine Breeds Using Pedigree Records

Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are crucial factors for the development of conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, the genetic diversity of five Spanish local bovine breeds located in the northwest of Spain in the region of Galicia, and called in the past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá and Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality of pedigree records in terms of integrity and deepness. In spite of the low census of the five breeds, (no more or even less than one thousand animals), the strategies developed for genetic diversity conservation since the end of the last century revealed positive results. An increase of generation intervals, the use of reproductive technologies and a higher animal exchange between herds are some strategies suggested to preserve the genetic diversity of the five Galician bovine breeds analysed

Implementación y puesta en marcha de NethServer

En este documento encontrará el proceso de instalación y configuración del sistema operativo Nethserver en su versión 7.9.2009 en una máquina virtual. Se inicia con el proceso de instalación del sistema operativos y después se configuran cada uno de los servicios que le permitirán al sistema operativo llevar el control de los procesos que se manejan en la intranet a través de los servicios como DHCP, DNS, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy, Firewall, VPN, con el fin de mostrar también que es una buena opción para pequeñas y medianas empresas.In this document you will find the installation and configuration process of the Nethserver operating system in its version 7.9.2009 in a virtual machine. It starts with the installation process of the operating system and then each of the services that will allow the operating system to control the processes that are handled on the intranet through services such as DHCP, DNS, Domain Controller are configured. , Proxy, Firewall, VPN, in order to also show that it is a good option for small and medium-sized businesses

Diversity, identity and influence of other breeds in the development of Creole populations of domestic animals

Creole breeds of the various livestock species mainly derive from animals imported to America from the Iberian Peninsula, starting in the early years of discovery and colonization. Creoles have undergone a long period of selective adaptation to a very diverse set of environmental conditions in the American continent, and over the last two centuries some Creole populations have been admixed with breeds originating from other European countries and India. In spite of the various threats undergone, some Creole populations are still maintained nowadays, especially in marginal regions, but they need to be better known, in order to recognize their identity and establish conservation programs. In this paper, we review the results published over the last five years by various Consortia established under the framework of the CONBIAND network, with the goal of studying the genetic diversity, structure and breed relationships in Creole breeds. In all species, Creole breeds reveal high levels of genetic diversity and clear signatures of their Iberian origin, even though many breeds also show signs of genetic erosion, due to either accumulated inbreeding or admixture with exotic breeds. The research conducted until now demonstrates that the vast majority of Creoles still maintain their own identity, even though they are seldom recognized and protected. These results can be used as a basis for recognition, conservation and genetic improvement of Creoles, which are the result of more than 500 years of selective adaptation

The genetic ancestry of American Creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers

Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development.Fil: Ginja, Catarina. Universidad de Porto. Facultad de Ciências. Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; PortugalFil: Gama, Luis Telo. Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria; PortugalFil: Cortés, Oscar. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Martin Burriel, Inmaculada. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Vega Pla, Jose Luis. Servicio de Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas. Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada; EspañaFil: Penedo, Cecilia. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Sponenberg, Phil. Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Sanz, Arianne. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Egito, Andrea Alves do. Embrapa Gado de Corte; BrasilFil: Alvares, Luz Angela. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Giovambattista, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Agha, Saif. Ain Shams University. Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Production Department; EgiptoFil: Rogberg Muñoz, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Cassiano Lara, Maria Aparecida. Centro de Genética e Reprodução. Instituto de Zootecnia; BrasilFil: Delgado, Juan Vicente. Universidad de Córdoba; EspañaFil: Martinez, Amparo. Universidad de Córdoba; Españ

European domestic horses originated in two holocene refugia

The role of European wild horses in horse domestication is poorly understood. While the fossil record for wild horses in Europe prior to horse domestication is scarce, there have been suggestions that wild populations from various European regions might have contributed to the gene pool of domestic horses. To distinguish between regions where domestic populations are mainly descended from local wild stock and those where horses were largely imported, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity in 24 European horse breeds typed at 12 microsatellite loci. The distribution of high levels of genetic diversity in Europe coincides with the distribution of predominantly open landscapes prior to domestication, as suggested by simulation-based vegetation reconstructions, with breeds from Iberia and the Caspian Sea region having significantly higher genetic diversity than breeds from central Europe and the UK, which were largely forested at the time the first domestic horses appear there. Our results suggest that not only the Eastern steppes, but also the Iberian Peninsula provided refugia for wild horses in the Holocene, and that the genetic contribution of these wild populations to local domestic stock may have been considerable. In contrast, the consistently low levels of diversity in central Europe and the UK suggest that domestic horses in these regions largely derive from horses that were imported from the Eastern refugium, the Iberian refugium, or both.This work was partially supported by a research studentship from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/E527604/1) and a PhD studentship from the German Academic Exchange Service (D/07/44562) to VW, and a Leverhulme Trust project grant (F/09 757/B) to MAB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Analysis of conservation priorities of Iberoamerican cattle based on autosomal microsatellite markers

Articles in International JournalsBackground: Determining the value of livestock breeds is essential to define conservation priorities, manage genetic diversity and allocate funds. Within- and between-breed genetic diversity need to be assessed to preserve the highest intra-specific variability. Information on genetic diversity and risk status is still lacking for many Creole cattle breeds from the Americas, despite their distinct evolutionary trajectories and adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Methods: A comprehensive genetic analysis of 67 Iberoamerican cattle breeds was carried out with 19 FAOrecommended microsatellites to assess conservation priorities. Contributions to global diversity were investigated using alternative methods, with different weights given to the within- and between-breed components of genetic diversity. Information on Iberoamerican plus 15 worldwide cattle breeds was used to investigate the contribution of geographical breed groups to global genetic diversity. Results: Overall, Creole cattle breeds showed a high level of genetic diversity with the highest level found in breeds admixed with zebu cattle, which were clearly differentiated from all other breeds. Within-breed kinships revealed seven highly inbred Creole breeds for which measures are needed to avoid further genetic erosion. However, if contribution to heterozygosity was the only criterion considered, some of these breeds had the lowest priority for conservation decisions. The Weitzman approach prioritized highly differentiated breeds, such as Guabalá, Romosinuano, Cr. Patagonico, Siboney and Caracú, while kinship-based methods prioritized mainly zebu-related breeds. With the combined approaches, breed ranking depended on the weights given to the within- and between-breed components of diversity. Overall, the Creole groups of breeds were generally assigned a higher priority for conservation than the European groups of breeds. Conclusions: Conservation priorities differed significantly according to the weight given to within- and betweenbreed genetic diversity. Thus, when establishing conservation programs, it is necessary to also take into account other features. Creole cattle and local isolated breeds retain a high level of genetic diversity. The development of sustainable breeding and crossbreeding programs for Creole breeds, and the added value resulting from their products should be taken into consideration to ensure their long-term survival

Programa de mejora de la raza bovina tudanca

La raza bovina Tudanca es una raza autóctona española clasificada como en peligro de extinción en el Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España. Esta raza recibe el nombre del área que le sirvió inicialmente de cuna y plataforma de expansión, el Valle de Tudanca, en los Montes Cántabros. Sánchez Belda (1984) la define como una pequeña raza por su efectivo, local por su corta geografía, montañesa por el emplazamiento, rústica por su fondo constitucional, primitiva por antigüedad y fidelidad racial, regresiva por pérdida constante de censos y de aprovechamiento cárnico sin estar dotada para esta especialidad.Publishe