Causes of Chronic kidney disease

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease is characterized by irreversible loss of kidney function. It is classified and staged according to Glomerular filtration rate. Chronic kidney disease presents with wide range of clinical symptoms and signs such anemia, pruritis, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, kasmauls breathing, plusus paradoxus, pallor, bruising.There are various etiological causes of CKD including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, durg induced, autoimmune and polycystic kidney disease. This was an observational study conducted at DHQ hospital Nankana sahib in the dialysis unit. All the patients on dialysis were included in the study. By accessing their clinical notes and through history we determined cause of CKD in each.Results showed that Diabetes and hypertension were among the most common etiological factors of Chronic kidney disease. By adequate control and early detection of diabetes and hypertension we can gain a reduction in disease burden of CKD. Key words : CKD, Chronic renal failure, Hakeem medications, diabetic nephropathy ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease is characterized by irreversible loss of kidney function. It is classified and staged according to Glomerular filtration rate. Chronic kidney disease presents with wide range of clinical symptoms and signs such anemia, pruritis, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, kasmauls breathing, plusus paradoxus, pallor, bruising.There are various etiological causes of CKD including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, durg induced, autoimmune and polycystic kidney disease. This was an observational study conducted at DHQ hospital Nankana sahib in the dialysis unit. All the patients on dialysis were included in the study. By accessing their clinical notes and through history we determined cause of CKD in each.Results showed that Diabetes and hypertension were among the most common etiological factors of Chronic kidney disease. By adequate control and early detection of diabetes and hypertension we can gain a reduction in disease burden of CKD. Key words : CKD, Chronic renal failure, Hakeem medications, diabetic nephropathy

Performance Analysis of Cooperative V2V and V2I Communications under Correlated Fading

Cooperative vehicular networks will play a vital role in the coming years to implement various intelligent transportation-related applications. Both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications will be needed to reliably disseminate information in a vehicular network. In this regard, a roadside unit (RSU) equipped with multiple antennas can improve the network capacity. While the traditional approaches assume antennas to experience independent fading, we consider a more practical uplink scenario where antennas at the RSU experience correlated fading. In particular, we evaluate the packet error probability for two renowned antenna correlation models, i.e., constant correlation (CC) and exponential correlation (EC). We also consider intermediate cooperative vehicles for reliable communication between the source vehicle and the RSU. Here, we derive closed-form expressions for packet error probability which help quantify the performance variations due to fading parameter, correlation coefficients and the number of intermediate helper vehicles. To evaluate the optimal transmit power in this network scenario, we formulate a Stackelberg game, wherein, the source vehicle is treated as a buyer and the helper vehicles are the sellers. The optimal solutions for the asking price and the transmit power are devised which maximize the utility functions of helper vehicles and the source vehicle, respectively. We verify our mathematical derivations by extensive simulations in MATLAB.Comment: Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Vehicular communication, Antenna correlation, Stackelberg game, Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), Game theory, Cooperative vehicular network

Role of Person-Organizational Fit between Job Stress, Organizational Justice, and Turnover Intentions: A Developing Country Perspective

The purpose of this research is to investigate the interrelationship between job stress, organizational justice, and turnover intention in the hospitality industry of Bahawalpur, with the moderating effect of person-organization-fit. The study used self-administered questionnaires to collect data, which was then analyzed using advanced statistical techniques such as SPSS and SEM-PLS. The findings indicate a positive correlation between job stress and turnover intention, as well as between organizational justice and turnover intention. The results also suggest that person-organization-fit plays a moderating role in the relationship between job stress and turnover intention, but not in the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention. The study contributes to both practical and theoretical aspects of the literature and provides recommendations for future research while acknowledging its limitations. &nbsp

2019 Mw 5.9 Mirpur, Pakistan Earthquake: Insights from Integrating Geodetic, Seismic, and Field Observations

On 24 September 2019, an Mw 5.9 earthquake struck near the Mangla reservoir in northeastern Pakistan and resulted in 39 fatalities and 746 serious injuries, making it the deadliest earthquake in the region since the 2005 Mw 7.6 Kashmir earthquake. Here, we integrate geodetic, seismic, and field observations to characterize the source properties and impact of the Mirpur earthquake as well as investigate whether it might be a reservoir‐induced event. From inverting Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data, we find that a fault with strike ∼310°, dip ∼6°, and rake ∼117° is the optimal source, with slip concentrated between 5 and 6 km depth. This is consistent with our relocated aftershocks depth distribution and the lack of surface rupture observed in the field. Therefore, we infer that the earthquake ruptured the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The event’s shallow depth might explain the extensive damage caused despite its moderate magnitude, with a maximum shaking intensity of VIII based on our field survey. The survey also revealed extensive damages associated with earthquake‐induced liquefaction. Our modeling shows that loading due to increased reservoir water level in the three months before the Mirpur earthquake led to Coulomb stress increase of ∼7–10 kPa on the rupture plane. However, this effect is ∼10 times smaller than the Coulomb stress increase due to the 2006 Mangla earthquake, and the Mirpur earthquake only occurred ∼1–2 weeks after peak water level. These suggest that pore pressure diffusion contributed to promoting the fault rupture at a time when it is close to failure due to accumulated stress from inter‐seismic loading. Because the Mirpur earthquake resulted in a stress increase of >0.2 MPa on the surrounding sections of the MHT and nearby faults, future rupture of these faults is a significant hazard and proper management of reservoir operations is necessary to prevent further elevating the seismic risk

Potato peel waste-its nutraceutical, industrial and biotechnological applacations

With ever increased food processing in the new millennia, production of agro-industrial waste has been increased tremendously. Although, these waste are rich sources of essential bioactive compounds. In developing countries, the waste materials from agro-industries can help to obtain valuable components. The objective of this manuscript is to manage industrial potato peel waste and to highlight its nutritional and industrial uses. Potato peel waste, by various procedures such as fermentation, extraction and other treatments, can ensue into the products such as bio-fuels, dietary fibre, biofertilizer, biogas, biosorbent, antioxidants and food additives. This paper enlightens the application of potato peel utilization in food and nonfood purposes for example extraction, utilization of bioactive components, biotechnological usage, livestock feed and miscellaneous use. The present article summarized the literature pertaining to the studies of the last twenty years

Implementation of lightweight machine learning-based intrusion detection system on IoT devices of smart homes

Smart home devices, also known as IoT devices, provide significant convenience; however, they also present opportunities for attackers to jeopardize homeowners’ security and privacy. Securing these IoT devices is a formidable challenge because of their limited computational resources. Machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been implemented on the edge and the cloud; however, IDSs have not been embedded in IoT devices. To address this, we propose a novel machine learning-based two-layered IDS for smart home IoT devices, enhancing accuracy and computational efficiency. The first layer of the proposed IDS is deployed on a microcontroller-based smart thermostat, which uploads the data to a website hosted on a cloud server. The second layer of the IDS is deployed on the cloud side for classification of attacks. The proposed IDS can detect the threats with an accuracy of 99.50% at cloud level (multiclassification). For real-time testing, we implemented the Raspberry Pi 4-based adversary to generate a dataset for man-in-the-middle (MITM) and denial of service (DoS) attacks on smart thermostats. The results show that the XGBoost-based IDS detects MITM and DoS attacks in 3.51 ms on a smart thermostat with an accuracy of 97.59%.</p