VALPROATE INDUCED HYPERAMMONEMIAWITH DERANGED LIVER FUNCTION

Valproate is one of the most prescribed anti-epileptic drugs. It could cause a rise in serum ammonia level in patients, especially children and youngadults. This presents with altered orientation, lethargy, focal neurological deficit, etc. If this condition is not treated, then it can be fatal. There is a goodcorrelation between fall of ammonia level and clinical improvement. We, here, present a case of valproate induced hyperammonemia and derangedliver function in a child of 1-year age admitted to a tertiary care hospital.Keywords: Hyperammonemia, Hyperammonemic encephalopathy, Valproate

On a universal model for the prediction of the daily global solar radiation

A model to predict the mean expected daily global solar radiation, H(n) on a day n, at a site with latitude φ is proposed. The model is based on two cosine functions. A regression analysis taking into account the mean measured values Hm.meas(n) obtained from SoDa database for 42 sites in the Northern Hemisphere resulted in a set of mathematical expressions of split form to predict H(n). The parameters of the two cosine model for 0o<φ<23o are obtained by regression analysis using a sum of 3-8 Gaussian functions, while for 23o<φ<71o the two cosine model parameters are expressed by a sum of exponential functions or the product of an exponential and a cosine function. The main equation of the model and the set of parametric expressions provide H(n) for any φ on Earth. Validation results of this model are provided along with the statistical estimators NMBE, NRMSE and t-statistic in comparison to the corresponding values from three databases of NASA, SoDa and the measured values from ground stations provided in Meteonorm

Modified electroconvulsive therapy as maintenance treatment

Depression is the most common psychiatric condition that significantly affects the quality of life of individual affected with it and it can present with various signs and symptoms. It usually presents with persistent and pervasive sadness of mood, anhedonia, sleep disturbance, reduced appetite, reduced concentration, multiple somatic symptoms, and suicidal thoughts. In this case report a 61-year-old gentleman presented with sadness of mood, loss of interest, sleep disturbance, multiple body aches, and abdominal pain which varied from 2 to 6 weeks. He had failed to respond to multiple classes of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. However, he would respond well to modified electroconvulsive therapy and he maintained well for 8-12 months before he had another episode. Since the patient responded well to modified electroconvulsive therapy and to reduce relapse maintenance-electroconvulsive therapy was considered

Assessment of biochemical and physiological tolerance mechanism of the multipurpose paradise tree (Simarouba amara Aubl.) under zinc and copper stress

Simarouba amara Aubl., commonly known as paradise tree, is a multipurpose, evergreen, poly-gamodioecious, and oil yielding tree. The plant is famous for its seeds containing 55-65% oil, a potent source of biodiesel production and is being utilized in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industries. The study aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in S. amara seedlings under heavy metals stress. Two-month-old S. amara seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) (Zn and Cu: 10 mg Kg-1, 50 mg Kg-1, 100 mg Kg-1, 200 mg Kg-1). The study indicated that both the heavy metals resulted in a significant decrease in leaf relative water content (LRWC), photosynthetic pigments and an increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels. Regarding lipid peroxidation, Cu proved to be more toxic to seedlings compared to Zn. However, in terms of LRWC and photosynthetic pigments, Zn showed higher toxic effects than Cu. Proline and cysteine content increased by 234% and 270%, respectively, due to Zn stress and 117% and 102%, respectively, due to Cu stress at 200 mg Kg-1. Among antioxidant enzymes, a maximum increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity was observed (600% due to Cu stress and 320% due to Zn stress) at 200 mg Kg-1. At the same concentration, a minimum increase was seen in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity (60% under Cu stress) and catalase (CAT) activity (69% under Zn stress). The present study revealed that S. amara has a better antioxidant defensive mechanism against oxidative stress and can be used for its large scale cultivation on wastelands

Electromyographical Analysis of The Thigh Muscle During Four Yogasana

The goal of the study was to examine the peak EMG at four lower body muscles during four different yoga poses performed by yoga practitioners. Materials and methods: Male Yoga practitioners (n= 11) were assessed for peak electromyography (EMG) of VM-Vastus Medialis, VL- Vastus lateralis, BF- Biceps femoris, ST- Semitendinosus, while performing four Yogasana: UK- Utkatasana, VB- Virabhadrasana II, UPE- Urdhva prasarita ekapadasana six, DOL- Dolasana (pendulum pose). Results: The UK induced the highest EMG for VM (124.5000 ± 25.36088), VL(124.2364 ± 27.35410), ST (106.6091 ± 32.77619),BF (96.6909 ± 29.34824),The VB II induced the highest EMG for the VL (102.0727 ± 32.96262), VM (100.4091± 16.30960), BF (84.5727 ± 28.63844), ST (86.2818 ± 26.07239).The UPE-Six induced the highest EMG for the VM (42.4364 ± 17.09025), BF (45.0636 ± 21.33440),ST (39.3727 ± 17.03315),VL (38.3636 ± 20.73612).The DOL induced the highest EMG for the VM (88.7455 ± 56.13069), BF (65.2545 ± 36.53172), ST (62.6455 ± 19.28302),VL (43.2545 ± 24.14255). However, between Yogasana, only the VM showed a significant (P &lt; .000) * different EMG. Specifically, the UK induced greater VM EMG compared to UPE (82.064, P &lt; .000), VB (57.973, P &lt; .000) * Conclusions: Peak muscular activation in the four lowerbody muscles can change depending on how the yoga players treat the four differences. A declining pattern of peak EMG for the UK &gt; VB II &gt; DOL and UPE six Yogasana, however, indicates that variations between poses appear to be minimal, with the exception of the VM muscle

Performance Evaluation of PID Controller for an Automobile Cruise Control System using Ant Lion Optimizer

This paper considers the design and performance evaluation of PID controller for an automobile cruise control system (ACCS). A linearized model of the cruise control system has been studied as per the dominant characteristics in closed loop system. The design problem is recast into an optimization problem which is solved using Ant Lion Optimization (ALO). The transient performance of proposed ACCS i.e., settling time, rise time, maximum overshot, peak time and steady state error are investigated by step input response and root locus analysis. To show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm over a state space method, classical PID, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, a comparison study is presented by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Furthermore, the robustness of the system is evaluated by using bode analysis, sensitivity, complimentary sensitivity and controller sensitivity. The results indicate that the designed ALO based PID controller for ACCS achieves better performance than other recent methods reported in the literature.This paper considers the design and performance evaluation of PID controller for an automobile cruise control system (ACCS). A linearized model of the cruise control system has been studied as per the dominant characteristics in closed loop system. The design problem is recast into an optimization problem which is solved using Ant Lion Optimization (ALO). The transient performance of proposed ACCS i.e., settling time, rise time, maximum overshot, peak time and steady state error are investigated by step input response and root locus analysis. To show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm over a state space method, classical PID, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, a comparison study is presented by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Furthermore, the robustness of the system is evaluated by using bode analysis, sensitivity, complimentary sensitivity and controller sensitivity. The results indicate that the designed ALO based PID controller for ACCS achieves better performance than other recent methods reported in the literature

Numerical Simulation of Inertial Entrainment Phenomenon

Entrainment is the process of movement of one fluid in another due to the presence of a driving force. Entrainment process can be seen both in natural and artificial events. Cyclonic winds and weather storms include stratified layers of air and water phases. In the present thesis, a three phase system is considered, consisting of two immiscible liquids and a gas bubble. Numerical studies have been carried out to find out the strength of inertial entrainment before detachment of bubbles. Wide range of size of air bubbles are considered as the driving factor for entrainment. The objective of the present work is to study how bubble diameter effects the height of entrainment and flow patterns. Two different fluid pairs are considered and their mutual merits and demerits for controlling entrainment are discussed. 2D numerical analysis is done using commercial CFD software Fluent in ANSYS