7 research outputs found
KNOWING THE HISTORY OF THE SEMANTIC CONTENT AND THE ESSENCE OF YOUR NATIONAL ETHNONYM IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF NATIONAL-CULTURAL SELF-DETERMINATION
The report contains the discussion on the essence and the semantic contents of the ethnonym “Turk” connected with the God Zeus and the “Turk” bull.
GLOBAL STATUS OF THE PROBLEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MELANOMA AMONG PATIENTS WITH MELANOCYTIC LESIONS AND NEOPLASMS
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The purpose of the study is to assess the state of modern methods and trends in the complex differential diagnosis of melanoma among patients with melanocytic neoplasms based on a systematic analysis of the scientific literature.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The issue of early differential diagnosis of oncological diseases plays an important role in the framework of modern effective care for oncological patients. As for melanoma itself, which occurs in millions of people around the world and has a clear upward trend in incidence, it is a serious medical and social problem. The solution to this issue involves taking into account many factors, the combination of which may lead to some success in the treatment of melanoma, which will ultimately lead to a decrease in disability and mortality in patients.</p>
Aerosolized Antimicrobial Agents Based on Degradable Dextran Nanoparticles Loaded with Silver Carbene Complexes
Degradable acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) nanoparticles
were prepared
and loaded with a hydrophobic silver carbene complex (SCC) by a single-emulsion
process. The resulting particles were characterized for morphology
and size distribution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The
average particle size and particle size distribution were found to
be a function of the ratio of the organic phase to the surfactant
containing aqueous phase with a 1:5 volume ratio of Ac-DEX CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (organic):PBS (aqueous) being optimal for the
formulation of nanoparticles with an average size of 100 ± 40
nm and a low polydispersity. The SCC loading was found to increase
with an increase in the SCC quantity in the initial feed used during
particle formulation up to 30% (w/w); however, the encapsulation efficiency
was observed to be the best at a feed ratio of 20% (w/w). <i>In vitro</i> efficacy testing of the SCC loaded Ac-DEX nanoparticles
demonstrated their activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive
bacteria; the nanoparticles inhibited the growth of every bacterial
species tested. As expected, a higher concentration of drug was required
to inhibit bacterial growth when the drug was encapsulated within
the nanoparticle formulations compared with the free drug illustrating
the desired depot release. Compared with free drug, the Ac-DEX nanoparticles
were much more readily suspended in an aqueous phase and subsequently
aerosolized, thus providing an effective method of pulmonary drug
delivery
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of silver carbene complexes derived from 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorobenzimidazole against antibiotic resistant bacteria
Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo
[Image: see text] The use of nebulizable, nanoparticle-based antimicrobial delivery systems can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity for treatment of multi-drug-resistant bacteria in the chronically infected lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Nanoparticle vehicles are particularly useful for applying broad-spectrum silver-based antimicrobials, for instance, to improve the residence time of small-molecule silver carbene complexes (SCCs) within the lung. Therefore, we have synthesized multifunctional, shell cross-linked knedel-like polymeric nanoparticles (SCK NPs) and capitalized on the ability to independently load the shell and core with silver-based antimicrobial agents. We formulated three silver-loaded variants of SCK NPs: shell-loaded with silver cations, core-loaded with SCC10, and combined loading of shell silver cations and core SCC10. All three formulations provided a sustained delivery of silver over the course of at least 2–4 days. The two SCK NP formulations with SCC10 loaded in the core each exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity and efficacy in vivo in a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. SCK NPs with shell silver cation-load only, while efficacious in vitro, failed to demonstrate efficacy in vivo. However, a single dose of core SCC10-loaded SCK NPs (0.74 ± 0.16 mg Ag) provided a 28% survival advantage over sham treatment, and administration of two doses (0.88 mg Ag) improved survival to 60%. In contrast, a total of 14.5 mg of Ag(+) delivered over 5 doses at 12 h intervals was necessary to achieve a 60% survival advantage with a free-drug (SCC1) formulation. Thus, SCK NPs show promise for clinical impact by greatly reducing antimicrobial dosage and dosing frequency, which could minimize toxicity and improve patient adherence