Psychiatric Training in the United Kingdom

A career in psychiatry is challenging and rewarding. Psychiatric training in the United Kingdom is well structured and run by twenty-one deaneries across England and Wales. The Royal College of Psychiatrists who also conduct the MRCPsych examination, sets standards for training and approves the hospitals for training purposes. Training includes basic specialist training at the grade of a senior house officer for a period of at least three years and helps obtain the MRCPsych examination. Higher specialist training is at the grade of a specialist registrar and is also for at least three years. The emphasis is on competence based learning which helps realize a trainees potential to the hilt. At the end of training, a trainee would be awarded a Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) and enables one to work independently as a consultant. There are various specialties of psychiatry one can train in which is a unique opportunity

A Circle Has No End: Role of Cyclic Topology and Accompanying Structural Reorganization on the Hole Distribution in Cyclic and Linear Poly‑p‑phenylene Molecular Wires

π-Conjugated organic oligomers/polymers hold great promise as long-range charge-transfer materials for modern photovoltaic applications. However, a set of criteria for the rational design of functional materials is not yet available, in part because of a lack of understanding of charge distribution in extended π-conjugated systems of different topologies, and concomitant effects on redox and optical properties. Herein we demonstrate the role of cyclic versus linear topology in controlling the redox/optical properties and hole distribution in poly-p-phenylenes (PPs) with the aid of experiment, computation, and our recently developed multistate parabolic model (MPM). It is unequivocally shown that the hole distribution in both cyclic and linear poly-p-phenylene (n ≥ 7) cation radicals is limited to seven p-phenylene units, despite the very different topologies. However, the effect of topology is evidenced in the very different trends in oxidation potentials of cyclic versus linear PPs, which are shown to originate largely from the geometrical distortion of individual p-phenylene units in cyclic PPs. The presence of additional pairwise electronic coupling element in cyclic PPs, absent in linear PPs, plays a significant role only in smaller cyclic PP5 and PP6. This study provides a detailed conceptual description of cyclic and linear poly-p-phenylene cation radicals and demonstrates the versatility and predictive power of MPM, an important new tool for the design and synthesis of novel and efficient charge-transfer materials for molecular electronics and photovoltaic applications, an area of widespread interest

Attached growth fungal system for corn wet milling wastewater treatment

High organic strength food-processing wastewaters are typically treated with conventional aerobic systems such as an activated sludge process that produces substantial quantities of low value bacterial sludge. Treatment and disposal of bacterial sludge place a huge burden on wastewater plants. Industrial wastewaters with high organic content treatment are also often treated with bacterial processes. The research in this dissertation focuses on using fungi to treat food-processing wastewater to produce biomass that is a good source of valuable byproducts (e.g. enzymes, protein, and other bio-chemicals). The recovery of value added products derived from the fungal biomass could generate additional revenue for the industry. However, controlling bacterial domination is critical in non-aseptic fungal wastewater treatment. An attached growth fungal system was employed in this study to prevent the bacterial contamination by maintaining the high fungal density in the reactor. Plastic composite support (PCS) tubes, composed of 50% (w/w) polypropylene (PP) and 50% (w/w) agricultural products, were used as a support medium to grow Rhizopus oligosporus on corn wet milling wastewater. The effects of sterile operation, nutrient supplementation, support medium composition, pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and airflow rate on PCS biofilm continuous-reactor were evaluated;The results proved that supplementation of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) under aseptic conditions enhanced the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biomass yield from 50% and 0.11 g(dry-weight)/gCODremoved to 55% and 0.16 g(dry-weight)/gCODremoved, respectively. Under non-aseptic operation, total biomass production of 0.32 g volatile suspended solids (VSS)/gCOD removed was obtained with no significant improvement in COD removal (~53%), whereas with nutrient supplementation, COD removal improved significantly to 85% with a high biomass production of 0.56 gVSS/gCODremoved. Significantly lower COD removals and biomass yields were observed in the control bioreactors with PP tubes alone and suspended growth, which confirmed that the PCS medium with agricultural components was essential for better biofilm formation and organic removal;COD removal and biomass yield were maximal at pH 4.0 with minimal bacterial competition. Highest COD removal of 78% was achieved at a 5 h HRT with a biomass yield of 0.44 gVSS/gCODremoved. At 3.75 and 2.5 h HRT, the biomass yield increased to 0.45 and 0.48 gVSS/gCODremoved while COD removal reduced to 76 and 70%, respectively. An HRT of 5 h was most suitable for COD removal because of the longer contact time of wastewater with biomass. Maximum biomass yield was achieved at 2.5 h HRT due to higher substrate availability rate, but the biofilm was more sensitive to wastewater composition changes. Therefore, 3.75 h HRT was recommended as a compromise for bench-scale operation. Competitive bacterial growth was reduced with shorter HRTs. The shortest HRT of 1.25 h led to biomass wash out from the reactor. The wastewater composition proved to have significant effect on the biofilm reactor performance;Supply of air at a rate of 1.0 Lmin-1 (0.8 vvm) was found optimal. Increase in the airflow rates improved COD removal as well as biomass production. In-situ dissolved oxygen concentrations indicated an oxygen limiting condition in the reactor. Fungal biomass exhibited better settleability at higher airflows. Detailed study on hydrodynamic properties and mass transfer characteristics in a pilot scale reactor is warranted for better optimization of the aeration system;The results of this study showed that an attached growth fungal treatment system with PCS medium was effective in treating nutrient supplemented corn wet milling wastewater with simultaneous recovery of high value fungal biomass and suppression of bacterial competition

User-friendly interface design and development for continuous-casting model CON1D

An user interface to input parameters, run simulations, and graph the outputs from the continuous casting model CON1D was designed and implemented in a spreadsheet environment, with a focus on including features to expand the usability and audience of the model. CON1D is a very powerful and efficient 1-D transient computational model of heat transfer in the process of continuous casting of steel slabs. This model has been validated by many plant measurements to predict mold temperatures, shell thickness, mold heat flux, slab temperatures, and many other parameters. This interface incorporates worksheets where the user can enter input data with user-friendly features and functionality. A grade-table sheet allows the user to setup the composition of commonly used steel grades, which can be used to automatically fill fields when running various simulations. A spray table sheet allows a change in casting speed to automatically update water flow rates of all of the spray zones. The user interface includes the key ability to convert the units of parameters, allowing users to utilize either British units, metric units, or a customized mixture. The interface integrates with a familiar spread-sheet post-processor, which reads in the many output files generated by CON1D and plots the results in readily-customized graphs. User feedback was used to make iterative improvements to the system. The interface has received positive feedback from users. The added user-friendly features of the interface will allow a wider audience of users to benefit from the CON1D model, including both researchers and a larger group of users in the industrial environment of continuous casting systems

MEASUREMENT OF USERS ACCEPTANCE OF SELECTED FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Purpose: The goal of this study is to determine the degree to which users accept particular financial technology products and services by taking into account a variety of variables, including frequency of use, level of awareness, satisfaction, motivation for using fintech, satisfaction with that motivation, and behavioural intention to use fintech.   Theoretical Framework: There is relatively little literature now accessible to examine the degree of consumer acceptance of Financial Technology products and services. The field of financial technology still requires a lot of research and education, though.   Design/Methodology/Approach: A comprehensive evaluation of the literature served as the basis for the research design. Data gathering techniques include non-probability sampling (quota sampling). Users of particular Financial Technology products and services are queried using a standardised questionnaire to gather data. The 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh state were used as the source of the samples.   Findings: The data is analysed using techniques such as regression and Anova. The frequency of use, level of satisfaction, level of awareness, the intended use of the Fintech, the satisfaction with the intended use and the user's behavioural intention to use the Fintech all statistically significantly correlate with the user's level of acceptance in using the chosen Financial Technology products and services.   Research, Practical & Social implications:  This study determined the degree to which users accepted particular Financial Technology goods and services from diverse angles.   Originality/Value: This study aims to identify and quantify the effects of numerous variables on users' degree of acceptability of Fintech, including frequency of use, awareness and satisfaction levels, as well as the use of Fintech for specific purposes and behavioural intentions. Internet banking, NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, mobile banking, electronic wallets, stock trading applications, peer-to-peer lending applications, crowd funding, cash deposit machines, ATMs, and credit rating applications are the 12 Financial Technology products used in the study

PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI MURID DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AKHLAK MELALUI ACTION LEARNING DI SDN 051 TERATAK KECAMATAN RUMBIO JAYA KABUPATEN KAMPAR

Memperhatikan kenyataan yang terjadi pada murid di SDN 051 Teratak Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya Kabupaten Kampar yaitu rendahnya motivasi belajar pada Pembelajaran Akhlak, maka penulis merasa perlu melakukan perbaikan pembelajaran dengan melakukan penelitian dengan penerapan metode Action Lerning Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan motivasi murid dalam pembelajaran akhlak melalui penggunaan metode Action Lerning (belajar dengan melakukan) di SDN 051 Teratak Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 051 Teratak Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya, Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan lembar observasi motivasi belajar murid selama pembelajaran berlangsung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan melalui 2 siklus, pada siklus I diketahui bahwa adanya peningkatan motivasi belajar murid dengan kategori “Kurang Tinggi” pada siklus ke II dilakukan perbaikan pembelajaran dalam penerapan strategi Pembelajaran Action Learning dan menunjukkan peningkatan dan telah berada pada kategori “Tinggi”. Artinya apabila diterapkan metode Action Lerning secara benar dan sesuai dengan materi pelajaran yang diajarkan maka dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar murid

Can Structural Differences between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 explain Differences in Drug Efficacy?

The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV)and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), both virus spike proteins are recognized by the cell surface receptors, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2).These viruses gain access into the host cell through ACE-2receptors.The main aim of the current study was to elaborate on the structural differences in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that bind at the same active binding site. The crystal structures of receptor bound spikes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were compared using UCSF Chimera and pyMOL software which revealed significant differences in the receptor binding domain of the spikes with variation in the amino acid residues. It was also observed that conformational changes occurred in the amino acid residues at the binding site on ACE-2 receptor. These conformational changes in ACE-2 binding site of SARS-CoV-2 were attributed to a greater number of contacts forming between RBD and active binding site when compared to that of SARS-CoV and could explain any differences in the effectiveness of drugs against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In addition, using Autodock vina software, drugs that were found to be effective in SARS-COV treatment were docked at active binding site on ACE-2.Antivirals, ACE-2 inhibitors and corticosteroids were docked at the active binding site domains of ACE-2 receptor in SARS-CoV andSARS-CoV-2.Antivirals such as Oseltamivir, Umifenovir, Favipiravir, Remdesivir and antibiotics such as Moxifloxacin and Azithromycin, Ace-2. Antivirals inhibitors such as Losartan and steroids such as Dexamethasone have shown a greater negative docking score (indicating more binding affinity) in and SARS-CoV-2 when compared to that of SARS-CoV. This kind of preliminary analysis using computational techniques could help in screening and repurposing the existing drugs that are potential in treating new diseases such as CoVID-19

Plant Recognition using Hog and Artificial Neural Network

This paper presents a plant leaf recognition system being implemented through Artificial Neural Networks. The system proposed is designed using MATLAB Software which takes a leaf image from the user and classifies, recognizes the plant species and shows all the relevant details about the plant.it also incorporates a webpage from various plant databases. The leaf features are extracted by using a HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) vector and the ANN(Artificial Neural Network) is used in training through Backpropagation. We have extracted the HOG features from the flavia datasheet of leaves and trained them in the Neural Network. The results were nearly perfect and the accuracy of the program implemented is very high compared with other models

Identification and characterization of tac5, a telomerase activation mutant, characterization of DNA damage responses and assessment of interactions between telomere-related proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

statistics, 2) unadjusted inferential statistics, 3) stratified analysis, and 4) multivariable models. My investigation produced results in accord with generally accepted notions in addition to significant findings that interestingly counter current preconceptions. Intraspecies contact was more common than inter-species, with indirect contact occurring more frequently than direct. Direct contact between species occurred extremely rarely. The most important factors that influenced the rate of contact for both species were water, winter, and cultivated fields. Information regarding probability of infectious agent survival and transfer will be used in the future to advance current epidemiological models, including geographicautomata (Ward et al. 2007: In Press) and cellular automata models (Doran and Laffan 2005) to better understand and manage integrated domestic cattle and free-ranging wildlife populations. Such modeling provides essential and necessary knowledge for developing prevention, detection, response, and recovery strategies – employed in advance, during, and after a disease outbreak, respectively. responsible for telomere activation. In addition tac5 showed sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide treatment, suggesting a novel role of telomerase in the mitochondrial environment. Chapter III reports the role of PARP proteins in plant telomere biology. Both AtPARP1 and AtPARP2 are transcriptionally upregulated in response to DNA damage treatment or telomere dysfunction. However, in contrast to mammalian PARPs, the Arabidopsis proteins do not appear to have a function in telomere length maintenance as indicated by TRF analysis or in promoting genome stability maintenance as indicated by cytogenetic studies. Further analysis of PARP interactions at dysfunctional telomeres in the genetically tractable Arabidopsis model may provide insight into the cellular response to dysfunctional telomeres. As explained in chapter IV, the yeast two-hybrid screen was utilized to confirm the interactions of ATR with AtPOT2 and Ku80 and to identify novel interacting partners of Arabidopsis telomere proteins. At2g04410 (Unknown protein) was identified as a direct interacting partner of AtPOT1. This interaction was confirmed in vitro by coimmunoprecipitation assay. Further analysis of the unknown protein may shed light on AtPOT1’s function in telomere maintenance

Synthesis, Characterization, and Theory of [9]-, [12]-, and [18]Cycloparaphenylene: Carbon Nanohoop Structures

The first synthesis and characterization of [9]-, [12]-, and [18]cycloparaphenylene was demonstrated utilizing a novel aromatization reaction. We refer to these fascinating structures as "carbon nanohoops" due to their structural similarity to carbon nanotubes. Additionally, we have utilized computational methods to understand the unique properties of these fully conjugated macrocycles