2,252 research outputs found
False Advertising: How the Third Circuit Misused The Free Speech Standard to the Benefit of New Jersey Lawyers and the Detriment of the Public
False Advertising: How the Third Circuit Misused The Free Speech Standard to the Benefit of New Jersey Lawyers and the Detriment of the Public
Testing different supervised machine learning architectures for the classification of liquid crystals
Deep learning techniques for the localization and classification of liquid crystal phase transitions
Modeling payback from research into the efficacy of left-ventricular assist devices as destination therapy
Objectives: Ongoing developments in design have improved the outlook for left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation as a therapy in end-stage heart failure. Nevertheless, early cost-effectiveness assessments, based on first-generation devices, have not been encouraging. Against this background, we set out (i) to examine the survival benefit that LVADs would need to generate before they could be deemed cost-effective; (ii) to provide insight into the likelihood that this benefit will be achieved; and (iii) from the perspective of a healthcare provider, to assess the value of discovering the actual size of this benefit by means of a Bayesian value of information analysis.
Methods: Cost-effectiveness assessments are made from the perspective of the healthcare provider, using current UK norms for the value of a quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The treatment model is grounded in published analyses of the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (REMATCH) trial of first-generation LVADs, translated into a UK cost setting. The prospects for patient survival with second-generation devices is assessed using Bayesian prior distributions, elicited from a group of leading clinicians in the field.
Results: Using established thresholds, cost-effectiveness probabilities under these priors are found to be low (.2 percent) for devices costing as much as £60,000. Sensitivity of the conclusions to both device cost and QALY valuation is examined.
Conclusions: In the event that the price of the device in use would reduce to £40,000, the value of the survival information can readily justify investment in further trials
High-fidelity single-shot readout for a spin qubit via an enhanced latching mechanism
The readout of semiconductor spin qubits based on spin blockade is fast but
suffers from a small charge signal. Previous work suggested large benefits from
additional charge mapping processes, however uncertainties remain about the
underlying mechanisms and achievable fidelity. In this work, we study the
single-shot fidelity and limiting mechanisms for two variations of an enhanced
latching readout. We achieve average single-shot readout fidelities > 99.3% and
> 99.86% for the conventional and enhanced readout respectively, the latter
being the highest to date for spin blockade. The signal amplitude is enhanced
to a full one-electron signal while preserving the readout speed. Furthermore,
layout constraints are relaxed because the charge sensor signal is no longer
dependent on being aligned with the conventional (2, 0) - (1, 1) charge dipole.
Silicon donor-quantum-dot qubits are used for this study, for which the dipole
insensitivity substantially relaxes donor placement requirements. One of the
readout variations also benefits from a parametric lifetime enhancement by
replacing the spin-relaxation process with a charge-metastable one. This
provides opportunities to further increase the fidelity. The relaxation
mechanisms in the different regimes are investigated. This work demonstrates a
readout that is fast, has one-electron signal and results in higher fidelity.
It further predicts that going beyond 99.9% fidelity in a few microseconds of
measurement time is within reach.Comment: Supplementary information is included with the pape
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