Reducing social inequalities through aspects of solidarity and social economy

V magistrskem delu obravnavamo in analiziramo družbeno svetovno ureditev in s tem povezane družbene neenakosti ter zaposlitve v okviru solidarnostnih in socialnih ekonomij. V nalogi raziščemo teoretične koncepte kapitalizma, neoliberalizma, družbene stratifikacije, neenakost v družbi in revščino. Prav tako raziščemo trg dela, identifikacijo trga dela, sodobni prekariat ter solidarnostno in socialno ekonomijo. V empiričnem delu magistrske naloge, ki je opravljena na osnovi kvalitativne metode, je namen raziskave preučiti delovanje izbranih solidarnostnih organizacij in socialnih podjetij. Poskušamo odgovoriti na vprašanje, ali je vzpostavitev podjetja, ki deluje po vrednotah in načelih SSE – solidarnostno socialne ekonomije, uspešen primer vključevanja ljudi v družbo. Zanimalo nas je področje neenakosti v slovenski družbi, možnost zmanjševanja neenakosti različnih ciljnih skupin skozi oblike zaposlovanja v organizacijah in podjetjih solidarnostne in socialne ekonomije. Se solidarnostna in socialna podjetja srečujejo z neenakostjo v podjetju, sistemu in pri zaposlenih? Kako jo odpravljajo in zmanjšujejo? Po opravljenih intervjujih s šestimi socialnimi podjetji smo uporabili metodo kodiranja. Ugotovili smo, da socialna podjetja različne skupine ljudi zaposlujejo, izvajajo solidarnostno in socialno ekonomijo v družbi, pri tem pa se soočajo s številnimi preprekami in sistemskimi ovirami, kot so: nestrukturirano, pomanjkljivo financiranje s strani države in pristojnih ministrstev, slabo ali nikakršno lokalno, državno ali mednarodno podporno okolje in prepuščenost samim sebi in tržnim pogojem. Po skoraj desetletju delovanja se še vedno borijo za obstoj in preživetje. Podjetja, ki smo jih vključili v raziskavo, delujejo na različnih področjih, kot so: gostinska dejavnost, kultura, socialni marketing, recikliranje, trgovina rabljenih izdelkov, povezovanje in podpora drugim socialnim podjetjem, zadrugam itd. Zaposlenim omogočajo urejeno delovno okolje, ki mora biti in je velikokrat prilagojeno njim. Podjetja so se načrtno specializirala za eno ali več ciljnih skupin, ki jih nato usposabljajo na delovnem mestu in zaposlujejo. Socialni podjetniki svoje delo vidijo kot obliko ekonomije, ki poleg podjetništva in tržne dejavnosti pomeni tudi poslanstvo uvajanja družbenih sprememb.The master\u27s thesis deals with and analyzes the social world order and the related inequalities that occur in society and employment within the framework of solidarity and social economies. The thesis explores the theoretical concepts of capitalism, neoliberalism, social stratification, inequality in society and poverty. We also explore the labor market, labor market identification, contemporary precariat and solidarity and social economy. In the empirical part of the master\u27s thesis, which is done on the basis of qualitative method, is the purpose of the study is to examine the functioning of selected solidarity organizations and social enterprises. Is establishing a company that works on the values ​​and principles of the SSE - Solidarity Social Economy a successful example of integrating people into society? We were interested in the field of inequality in Slovenian society, the possibility of reducing inequalities of different target groups through forms of employment in organizations and companies of solidarity and social economy. Do solidarity and social enterprises face inequality in the company, system and employees? How they eliminate and reduce it. After interviewing with six social companies, we used the coding method. We have found out that social groups of different groups of people employ, exercise solidarity and social eco-economy in society, while facing many obstacles and systemic obstacles such as: not structured lack of funding from the state and competent ministries, poor local, state or an international supportive environment and a commitment to being resourceful, experienced and market-driven. After nearly a decade of operation, they are still struggling to survive and persist. The companies we have included in the survey and interviewed are active in various fields, such as: catering, culture, social marketing, recycling, second-hand trade, networking and support for other social enterprises, cooperatives, etc. They provide jobs to employees with environment that must and often is tailored to them. Companies intentionally specialize in one or more target groups, which they then train in the workplace and employ. Social entrepreneurs see their work as a form of economics, working in various fields, performing in addition to entrepreneurship and marketing, an important social or social effect, and listen through their work and mission to make changes in society

Upravljanje antibioticima vođeno prokalcitoninom: konsenzus eksperata iz balkanskih zemalja

Sepsis as a consequence of infection is a frequent cause of death among critically ill patients. The most common sites of infection are lover respiratory tract, abdominal, urinary tract and catheter-associated blood stream infections. Early empiric, broad-spectrum therapy in those with severe sepsis and/or shock with the aim of reducing mortality may lead to antibiotic overuse, resistance and increased costs. Among numerous serum biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) has proved to be one of the most reliable ones in the diagnosis of sepsis. An important means of limiting antibiotic resistance is the antibiotic stewardship program, especially in intensive care units with critically ill patients and prevalence of multiple drug-resistant pathogens. The PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship was first started in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries, as well as in the United States. Considering that this method has proven to be effective in reducing antibiotic consumption while improving clinical outcome, a group of experts from the Balkan region decided to make their own recommendations and PCT protocol. When creating this protocol for initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment, they especially reviewed the literature for lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis. In the protocol, they have included the severity of illness, clinical assessment, and PCT levels. Developing a consensus on the clinical algorithm by eminent experts/specialists in various fields of medicine should enable clinicians to use PCT for initiation of antibiotic therapy and monitoring PCT to stop antibiotics earlier. It is crucial that the PCT-guided algorithm becomes an integral part of institutional stewardship program.Sepsa kao posljedica infekcije jedan je od čestih uzroka smrti među kritično oboljelim pacijentima. Najčešća mjesta infekcije su donji respiracijski putovi, abdomen, mokraćni sustav i infekcije krvi povezane s centralnim vesnkim kateterima. Rana empirijska upotreba antibiotika širokog spektra kod onih s teškom sepsom/septičnim šokom radi smanjivanja smrtnosti može voditi prekomjernoj upotrebi antibiotika, bakterijskoj rezistenciji i povećanju troškova. Među mnogobrojnim serumskim biološkim biljezima prokalcitonin se pokazao kao jedan od najpouzdanijih u dijagnosticiranju sepse. Jedan od bitnih načina za smanjenje bakterijske rezistencije predstavlja uvođenje protokola o upotrebi antibiotika, naročito među kritično oboljelima u jedinicama intezivnog liječenja gdje su prisutni multirezistentni patogeni. Prokalcitoninom vođeni protokoli za upotrebu antibiotika prvo su uvedeni u Zapadnoj Europi i Azijsko-pacifičkim zemljama, kao i u Americi. S obzirom na to da se ovakav program pokazao učinkovitim u pogledu potrošnje antibiotika, a ujedno i u poboljšanju ishoda liječenja, grupa eksperata s Balkana odlučila je napraviti svoje vlastite preporuke. Tijekom izrade ovog protokola za uvođenje i dužinu trajanja antibiotskog liječenja autori su se uglavnom usredotočili na pretragu literature koja se tiče donjeg respiracijskog sustava i sepse. Protokol uključuje težinu bolesti, kliničku procjenu i razine prokalcitonina. Razvijanje konsenzusa o kliničkom algoritmu od strane eminentnih stručnjaka iz različitih područja medicine trebalo bi omogućiti kliničarima da prokalcitonin koriste pri donošenju odluke o započinjanju i ranijem prestanku terapije antibioticima. Neophodno je da prokalcitoninom vođen algoritam postane sastavni dio institucionalnog protokola o upotrebi antibiotika

The support

Završni rad ,,Oslonac“ umjetnički je prikaz kroz medij skulpture izrađen u drvetu. Odabrana su dva komada drveta koja su oblikovana u jednostavne forme. Predstavljaju dvije forme koje se međusobno dodiruju. Ideja je rada prikazati međusobno povjerenje. Kako se jedna forma naslanja na drugu, jasno je vidljiv motiv oslonca. Povjerenje je osjećaj koji se pojavljuje u svakom čovjeku i neizostavno je tijekom čovjekova života. Cilj je predstaviti emocionalni oslonac koji svatko postigne i ima tijekom življenja. Bez povjerenja čovjek živi u strahu te nema snagu kretati se kroz život.My undergraduate thesis, „The Support“, is an artistic representation through the medium of sculpture made in wood. Two pieces of wood are chosen and shaped into simpler forms. They represent two forms that touch each other. The idea of the work is to show mutual trust. As one form rests on another, the support motif is visible. Trust is a feeling that appears in every person and is indispensable during a persons life. The goal is to present the emotional support that each person achieves and has during their lifetime. Without trust, a person lives in fear and has no strength to move through life

The support

Završni rad ,,Oslonac“ umjetnički je prikaz kroz medij skulpture izrađen u drvetu. Odabrana su dva komada drveta koja su oblikovana u jednostavne forme. Predstavljaju dvije forme koje se međusobno dodiruju. Ideja je rada prikazati međusobno povjerenje. Kako se jedna forma naslanja na drugu, jasno je vidljiv motiv oslonca. Povjerenje je osjećaj koji se pojavljuje u svakom čovjeku i neizostavno je tijekom čovjekova života. Cilj je predstaviti emocionalni oslonac koji svatko postigne i ima tijekom življenja. Bez povjerenja čovjek živi u strahu te nema snagu kretati se kroz život.My undergraduate thesis, „The Support“, is an artistic representation through the medium of sculpture made in wood. Two pieces of wood are chosen and shaped into simpler forms. They represent two forms that touch each other. The idea of the work is to show mutual trust. As one form rests on another, the support motif is visible. Trust is a feeling that appears in every person and is indispensable during a persons life. The goal is to present the emotional support that each person achieves and has during their lifetime. Without trust, a person lives in fear and has no strength to move through life

The support

Završni rad ,,Oslonac“ umjetnički je prikaz kroz medij skulpture izrađen u drvetu. Odabrana su dva komada drveta koja su oblikovana u jednostavne forme. Predstavljaju dvije forme koje se međusobno dodiruju. Ideja je rada prikazati međusobno povjerenje. Kako se jedna forma naslanja na drugu, jasno je vidljiv motiv oslonca. Povjerenje je osjećaj koji se pojavljuje u svakom čovjeku i neizostavno je tijekom čovjekova života. Cilj je predstaviti emocionalni oslonac koji svatko postigne i ima tijekom življenja. Bez povjerenja čovjek živi u strahu te nema snagu kretati se kroz život.My undergraduate thesis, „The Support“, is an artistic representation through the medium of sculpture made in wood. Two pieces of wood are chosen and shaped into simpler forms. They represent two forms that touch each other. The idea of the work is to show mutual trust. As one form rests on another, the support motif is visible. Trust is a feeling that appears in every person and is indispensable during a persons life. The goal is to present the emotional support that each person achieves and has during their lifetime. Without trust, a person lives in fear and has no strength to move through life

Animacijski programi za djecu u funkciji obogaćenja turističke ponude Republike Hrvatske

Središte turizma je čovjek-putnik i njegove potrebe. Putujuće čovječanstvo postaje sve veće i sve važnije sredstvo povezivanja svih ljudi, u želji da se živi bolje i u skladu s prirodom. Turizam 21. stoljeća okrenut je težnji za podizanjem kvalitete života. Ako je kvaliteta života način na koji doživljavamo vlastiti život, onda putovanja doprinose podizanju nivoa kvalitete života (Avelini Holjevac, 2006.). Na današnjem turističkom tržištu potražnja uvjetuje i određuje uvjete turističke ponude. Jednu od značajnih uloga ima potražnja za sadržajima i programima animacije u turističkoj ponudi. Turisti se okreću novim sadržajima, žele doživjeti nešto lokalno-autohtono, nedoživljeno, novo, nešto s motivacijama rekreacije, zabave, sporta, žele da odmor bude aktivan. U takvim uvjetima cilj animacije je zadovoljiti izmijenjene potrebe i motive putovanja te povećati turističku potrošnju. Djeca kao novi segment turističke potražnje imaju poseban značaj u kreiranju animacijskih programa. Stvaranje i izvođenje animacijskih programa namijenjenih dječjoj populaciji iziskuje stručnost i dobro poznavanje dječje psihologije. Igra koja je sastavni dio animacijskih programa treba biti kreativna, edukativna, raznolika, s određenom dinamikom, treba poštivati dječje osjećaje, a svako dijete treba biti prihvaćeno. Dječja potražnja za animacijskim programima veže se uz interese i ciljeve roditelja

Animacijski programi za djecu u funkciji obogaćenja turističke ponude Republike Hrvatske

Središte turizma je čovjek-putnik i njegove potrebe. Putujuće čovječanstvo postaje sve veće i sve važnije sredstvo povezivanja svih ljudi, u želji da se živi bolje i u skladu s prirodom. Turizam 21. stoljeća okrenut je težnji za podizanjem kvalitete života. Ako je kvaliteta života način na koji doživljavamo vlastiti život, onda putovanja doprinose podizanju nivoa kvalitete života (Avelini Holjevac, 2006.). Na današnjem turističkom tržištu potražnja uvjetuje i određuje uvjete turističke ponude. Jednu od značajnih uloga ima potražnja za sadržajima i programima animacije u turističkoj ponudi. Turisti se okreću novim sadržajima, žele doživjeti nešto lokalno-autohtono, nedoživljeno, novo, nešto s motivacijama rekreacije, zabave, sporta, žele da odmor bude aktivan. U takvim uvjetima cilj animacije je zadovoljiti izmijenjene potrebe i motive putovanja te povećati turističku potrošnju. Djeca kao novi segment turističke potražnje imaju poseban značaj u kreiranju animacijskih programa. Stvaranje i izvođenje animacijskih programa namijenjenih dječjoj populaciji iziskuje stručnost i dobro poznavanje dječje psihologije. Igra koja je sastavni dio animacijskih programa treba biti kreativna, edukativna, raznolika, s određenom dinamikom, treba poštivati dječje osjećaje, a svako dijete treba biti prihvaćeno. Dječja potražnja za animacijskim programima veže se uz interese i ciljeve roditelja

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein E and atherogenic index of plasma are associated with risk of chronic kidney disease

Aim To investigate the association of parameters of lipid profile and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) in non-dialysis kidney patients. Methods The observational, case-control study enrolled patients (n=117) recruited from the Nephrological Counselling Centre of the University Clinical Centre Sarajevo and divided into two groups: group 1 eGFR (15-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), and group 2 (control) eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Concentration of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins was measured, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP; log(TG/HDLc)) was calculated. Results High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) concentrations in serum were reduced [(1.02 (0.94-1.29) vs 1.15 (1.1-1.4) mmol/L; p=0.009 and 0.035 (0.026-0.04) vs 0.041 (0.034-0.05) g/L; p=0.002, respectively)], while AIP was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (0.19±0.03 vs 0.09±0.04; p=0.013). Values less than 1.09 mmol/L and 0.038 g/L for HDLc and APOE, or higher than 0.165 for AIP (p<0.05) were associated with the eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The age [OR = 1.1; 95% CI (1.05-1.17)] and AIP [OR = 8.7; 95% CI (1.18-65.0)] were independent positive predictors, while APOE was a negative predictor of eGFR reduction rate (OR=0.01; 95% CI (0.001-0.033; p<0.001). Conclusion Changes in parameters such as HDLc, APOE and AIP are associated with CKD. The study results imply the need of the AIP calculation as routine laboratory work due to its role along with the age and APOE in the prediction of renal function decline

An Improved HPLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Losartan Potassium and Hydrochlorothiazide with the Aid of a Chemometric Protocol

An experimental design method was used for fast, simple, and accurate high-performance-pressure liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) determination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in combined dosage forms. This method avoids the disadvantages of the traditional analytical approach, which is time-consuming, involves a large number of runs, and does not allow the determination of multiple interacting parameters. On the basis of preliminary experiments, three independent variables (methanol content, pH value of the mobile phase, and flow rate) were selected as input, and as dependent variables, five responses (retention time of hydrochlorothiazide, retention time of losartan, asymmetry of hydrochlorothiazide peak, asymmetry of losartan peak, and resolution) were chosen. A full 2(3) factorial design was used to determine which factors had an effect on the studied response. Afterwards, experimental design was used to optimize these influencing parameters in the previously selected experimental domain. After optimizing the experimental conditions, a separation was conducted on a Zorbax C-8 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 mu m particle size) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-acetate buffer 45:20:35 v/v/v, pH 4.8 with flow rate of 0.82 mL min(-1) and column temperature of 25 A degrees C. The developed method was successfully applied to simultaneous separation of these active drug compounds in their commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms