The Effect of Irrigation systems and Planting Methods on Soil Porosity and Soil Electrical Conductivity and Potato Yield sunder Two Irrigation Intervals

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation systems, planting methods and irrigation intervals on soil porosity and soil electrical conductivity and potato yields for fall season of 2016 in Yousufia Area. Three irrigation systems included Sprinkler Irrigation (S), Drip irrigation (D),and Furrow Irrigation (F), two different irrigation intervals included (4 day irrigation interval (I1) and 8 day irrigation interval (I2)) and two methods of planting included (Mechanical planting (M) and Manual (Hand) planting (H) were used in the experiment. Soil Porosity, electrical conductivity of a saturated soil extract (Ece), average weight of potato tuber, and plant yield were measured in this study. Split split plots arrangment under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, were used in this experiment. The means of treatments were compared by using least significant difference (LSD=0.05) under probability of 0.05. The results can be summarized as follows: 1- Drip irrigation was superior in obtaining the least value of the electrical conductivity stood 2.76 ds.m-1, highest potato yield stood 811 gm. plantˉ¹ and highest value for the average weight of potato tuber was 150 gm. Also, the furrow irrigation treatment was superior in obtaining the highest value of soil porosity stood, 0.44 cm3.cm-3. 2- 4 days irrigation interval got a significant higher single plant yield stood 731 gm.plant-1, and potato tuber weight average stood 117.83 gm and got the least value of electrical conductivity stood 3.40 ds.m-1, whereas 8 days irrigation interval was superior in getting the highest value of porosity, stood 0.40 cm3.cm-3. 3- Mechanical planting method resulted in obtaining the highest value of porosity, stood 0.40 cm3.cm-3, and the highest yield for a single plant value stood 703 gm.plant-1, and the highest value of potato tuber average weight stood 131.33 gm. 4- The interaction between drip irrigation and 4 days irrigation interval was superior compared to other interactions in obtaining the least value of the electrical conductivity (Ece) stood 2.52 ds.m-1, and highest value of single plant yield stood 884 gm.plant-1, and highest value for the average weight of potato tuber stood 161.17 gm. On the other hand, the interaction between furrow irrigation method and the 8 days irrigation interval in obtaining the highest value for porosity which stood 0.44 cm3.cm-3. 5- The interaction between drip irrigation method and mechanical planting method was superior compared to other interactions in obtaining the highest yield value for single plant which stood 846 gm.plant-1, and the highest value for the weight average of potato tuber stood 157.50 gm. while, the interaction between furrow irrigation method and mechanical planting recorded the highest value for porosity which stood 0.46 cm3.cm-3. 6- The interaction between 4 days irrigation interval and mechanical planting showed a superiority in obtaining the highest value for single plant yield which stood 770 gm.plant-1, and highest value for the weight average for potato tuber stood 140.44 gm, compared to other interactions, and the interaction between 8days irrigation interval and mechanical planting method was superior to obtain the highest value of porosity stood 0.42 cm3.cm-3. Also, the interaction between 4 days irrigation interval and the manual (hand) planting methods was superior to obtain the least value for electrical conductivity for soil solution stood 3.34 ds.m-1. 7- The triple interaction between drip irrigation, 4 days irrigation interval, and mechanical planting method was superior in obtaining the highest yield for a single plant which stood 936 gm.plant-1 and the highest value of the weight average of potato tuber which stood 169.33 gm and the lowest value for electrical conductivity of soil solution which stood 2.50 ds.m-1 compared to other interactions. While the interaction between furrow irrigation method, 8 days irrigation interval, and mechanical planting method was superior to obtain the highest value of soil porosity stood 0.48 cm3.cm-3

Effect of Knives Type on Some Operational Characteristics fora Locally Assembly Motorized Vibration Cutter Used for Date Palm Fronds Pruning

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pruning cutting knives for locally assembly motorized vibration cutter on some operational characteristic used for date palm fronds. An implement was fabricated to cut the fronds around the date palm tree trunk. Three types of knife included A,B and Cwas used in this study .One frond cutting time, One palm frond cutting time, cutting level,productivity, noise level, vibration and efficiency was measured in this experiment . Complete block design with three replications was used in this study. Least significant differences (L.S.D) under 0.05 level was used to compeer the mean of treatment. The results showed thatB type gave a lower time in cutting one frond stood 3.11 sec. A type got lowest time of cutting three rows of fronds stood 1.74 min, also gave less differences in surface cutting level andlevel of noising stood 5.66 mm and 78.04 (db) respectively.B type knife got less vibration stood 5.25 m.sec-2. Also it gave the higher amount of productivitystood 8.80 palm /h. A type gave a high efficiency, it got 78.76%.Using manufacturing equipment for cutting date palm frond was successfully done

Analytical solution of two-layer beam taking into account interlayer slip and shear deformation

A mathematical model is proposed and its analytical solution derived for the analysis of the geometrically and materially linear two-layer beams with different material and geometric characteristics of an individual layer. The model takes into account the effect of the transverse shear deformation on displacements in each layer. The analytical study is carried out to evaluate the influence of the transverse shear deformation on the static and kinematic quantities. We study a simply supported two-layer planar beam subjected to the uniformly distributed load. Parametric studies have been performed to investigate the influence of shear by varying material and geometric parameters, such as interlayer slip modulus (K), flexural-to-shear moduli ratios (E/G) and span-to-depth ratios (L/h). The comparison of the results for vertical deflections shows that shear deformations are more important for high slip modulus, for ``short'' beams with small L/h ratios, and beams with high E/G ratios. In these cases, the effect of the shear deformations becomes significant and has to be addressed in design. It also becomes apparent that models, which consider the partial interaction between the layers, should be employed if beams have very flexible connections

ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF DOXYCYCLINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING GRAPHENE OXIDE/HYDROGEL COMPOSITE

Objective: Preparation of novel, safe, and low-cost composite by addition of graphene oxide (GO) to polyvinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid composite (PVP-AAc) to remove the doxycycline hydrochloride (D) from polluted aquatic environment. Methods: Different concentrations of D were used to study the adsorption process of the antibiotic on the surface of GO/(PVP-AAc) hydrogel composite. The aquatic solution of D was used for studying the adsorption process through a series of different experiments to determine the contact time, adsorbate amount, appropriate temperature, the preferred pH, ionic strength, adsorption kinetics and isotherms on the adsorbent surface of GO/PVP-AAc composite. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to detect the structure, functional groups and surface morphology of the composite before and after D adsorption. Results: Doxycycline is adsorb on the surface of GO/PVP-AAc hydrogel composite through by physical interactions. The adsorption kinetics correlated to the pseudo-second-order model, contact time studies of D equal to 180 min and the high R2 value of 0.98 indicates that Langmuir isotherm model better fitted to the data for the removal of D at 15 °C. The results of thermodynamic parameters show that the nature of the adsorption process is physical, exothermic, orderly and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of D favors the acidic media. When NaCl is added to the solution, the adsorption capacity of D will increase. Conclusion: Graphene oxide/PVP-AAc composite is a novel, worthy and efficient adsorbent for the removal of the doxycycline polluted the water because of its low cost, hydrophilic properties, large surface area and special structure that give impressive dispersible activity in aquatic solutions

Inclination Effect of Cyclic Load Synchronous with Lateral Static Load on Pile Group in Sandy Soil

In general Pile foundations are often subject to more than one load in nature. Two loadings, when simultaneous, cause serious problems in the bearing capacity. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to assessment the performance of piles under inclined cyclic loads simultaneous with static lateral loads in sandy soil with a relative density of 70%. A laboratory investigates were conducted to determine effect of several factors on group pile performance model (2×2), including: the ratio of spaces between piles (i.e. 3D, 5D, 7D), influence of inclination angles of cyclic loading (i.e. 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°), the cyclic load ratio (i.e. 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) and the effect of the presence of a static lateral load on the cyclic load.  In light of the findings, the presence of the static load with the inclined lateral cyclic load has a positive effect on the deep foundations where the lateral deflection was reduced by an average of 54% for the three spaces. Also the lateral deflection at combined lateral loading decreases with increasing pile spacing, the percentages of decreases in the lateral deflection were (16%, 73%, 75% ) for spacing (3D, 5D, 7D ) respectivel

Globally Convergent Adaptive Tracking of Angular Velocity and Inertia Identification for a 3-DOF Rigid Body

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/57820/1/AdaptiveTrackingTCST2006.pd

A Bronze to Iron Age fishing economy at Kalbāʾ 4 (Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates)

This paper represents a study of archaeological fish remains retrieved from the excavations conducted by C. S. Phillips between 1993 and 2001 at Kalbāʾ 4 (Emirate of Sharjah, UAE). Kalbāʾ 4 is a major coastal site that was continuously occupied from the Umm an-Nar period to the Iron Age (c. 2700–600 BCE). The site is of particular interest regarding monumental architecture, pottery studies and exchange networks across Arabia and its neighbouring regions from the Bronze Age onwards. A corpus of about 5500 fish remains provides information on fishing economies during the entire occupation of the site. Data regarding fish complement results previously obtained from the study of other fauna including marine molluscs, sea turtles, terrestrial and marine mammals. They allow us to document a fishing-based economy at Kalbāʾ 4. The results highlight the exploitation of a quite limited range of fish taxa associated mostly with reef areas (groupers, trevallies, snappers, spangled emperors, King soldierbreams), brackish waters (mullets) and the open sea (scombrids). The techniques seem to have mainly involved the use of baited lines from boats, fishing nets and possibly cage traps. The discussion includes comparisons with the other main fish studies conducted for the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in Eastern Arabia

Rock art recording in Khatm al Melaha (United Arab Emirates): Multirange data scanning and web mapping technologies

The application of geometric recording data and representation of open-air rock art is intrinsically so heterogeneous that new online web platforms are required for a more efficient analysis to link all the geo-referenced information and facilitate its scientific study. From 2015 to 2018, three geometric documentation campaigns led by the Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain) were completed in the area of Khatm al Melaha (Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) along the Gulf of Oman. More than 370 rock art engraved motifs were documented in this area close to the southwest border with the Sultanate of Oman. All those figures were picked in 149 stone blocks with different dimensions and morphologies, distributed along the slope of an isolated 58-meter-high elevation. The aim of this project was to establish a protocol for the recording, analysis, preservation and prevention of this set of open-air rock art engravings with the following actions: developing an aerial and terrestrial recording data documentation, creating and developing a web platform called threeDcloud for visualizing three-dimensional models and web mapping, and integrating a data base by means of different JavaScript open-source libraries