121 research outputs found

    Mutation du foncier agricole en frange urbaine : élaboration et mise à l'épreuve d'une politique de régulation territoriale

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    International audienceLe pĂŽle urbain de Montpellier s'est largement Ă©talĂ© lors des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies Ă  la faveur de son dynamisme dĂ©mographique et du retrait de la viticulture : la " maĂźtrise " communale de l'urbanisme s'est traduite par une urbanisation tous azimuts. Comment mettre fin Ă  ces processus sans compromettre l'Ă©conomie rĂ©sidentielle ? C'est une prioritĂ© de la nouvelle intercommunalitĂ© dont la politique d'amĂ©nagement est analysĂ©e. La genĂšse de cette politique est retracĂ©e ainsi que sa traduction dans le schĂ©ma de cohĂ©rence territoriale, dont les objectifs d'Ă©conomie d'espace et les outils - identification des limites, densification, maĂźtrise fonciĂšre - sont dĂ©taillĂ©s. Sa mise en Âœuvre au niveau communal rĂ©vĂšle les forces et les faiblesses de cette politique. Cette Ă©tude empirique soutient une rĂ©flexion plus gĂ©nĂ©rale sur les dynamiques fonciĂšres pĂ©riurbaines et les outils politiques de rĂ©gulation, Ă  la croisĂ©e des problĂ©matiques de gouvernance territoriale et de prĂ©servation des ressources

    Low-energy electronic interactions in ferrimagnetic Sr2CrReO6 thin films

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    We reveal in this study the fundamental low-energy landscape in the ferrimagnetic Sr2CrReO6 double perovskite and describe the underlying mechanisms responsible for the three low-energy excitations below 1.4 eV. Based on resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and magnetic dynamics calculations, and experiments collected from both Sr2CrReO6 powders and epitaxially strained thin films, we reveal a strong competition between spin-orbit coupling, Hund's coupling, and the strain-induced tetragonal crystal field. We also demonstrate that a spin-flip process is at the origin of the lowest excitation at 200 meV, and we bring insights into the predicted presence of orbital ordering in this material. We study the nature of the magnons through a combination of ab initio and spin-wave theory calculations, and show that two nondegenerate magnon bands exist and are dominated either by rhenium or chromium spins. The rhenium band is found to be flat at about 200 meV (±\pm25 meV) through X-L-W-U high-symmetry points and is dispersive toward Γ\GammaComment: 6 figure

    A Generic Bio-Economic Farm Model for Environmental and Economic Assessment of Agricultural Systems

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    Bio-economic farm models are tools to evaluate ex-post or to assess ex-ante the impact of policy and technology change on agriculture, economics and environment. Recently, various BEFMs have been developed, often for one purpose or location, but hardly any of these models are re-used later for other purposes or locations. The Farm System Simulator (FSSIM) provides a generic framework enabling the application of BEFMs under various situations and for different purposes (generating supply response functions and detailed regional or farm type assessments). FSSIM is set up as a component-based framework with components representing farmer objectives, risk, calibration, policies, current activities, alternative activities and different types of activities (e.g., annual and perennial cropping and livestock). The generic nature of FSSIM is evaluated using five criteria by examining its applications. FSSIM has been applied for different climate zones and soil types (criterion 1) and to a range of different farm types (criterion 2) with different specializations, intensities and sizes. In most applications FSSIM has been used to assess the effects of policy changes and in two applications to assess the impact of technological innovations (criterion 3). In the various applications, different data sources, level of detail (e.g., criterion 4) and model configurations have been used. FSSIM has been linked to an economic and several biophysical models (criterion 5). The model is available for applications to other conditions and research issues, and it is open to be further tested and to be extended with new components, indicators or linkages to other models

    Proteome Analyses of Cellular Proteins in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Treated with Rhodomyrtone, a Novel Antibiotic Candidate

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    The ethanolic extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf exhibited good antibacterial activities against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 31.25–62.5 ”g/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 250 ”g/ml. Rhodomyrtone, an acylphloroglucinol derivative, was 62.5–125 times more potent at inhibiting the bacteria than the ethanolic extract, the MIC and MBC values were 0.5 ”g/ml and 2 ”g/ml, respectively. To provide insights into antibacterial mechanisms involved, the effects of rhodomyrtone on cellular protein expression of MRSA have been investigated using proteomic approaches. Proteome analyses revealed that rhodomyrtone at subinhibitory concentration (0.174 ”g/ml) affected the expression of several major functional classes of whole cell proteins in MRSA. The identified proteins involve in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, protein degradation, stress response and oxidative stress, cell surface antigen and virulence factor, and various metabolic pathways such as amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed the effects of rhodomyrtone on morphological and ultrastructural alterations in the treated bacterial cells. Biological processes in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division were interrupted. Prominent changes including alterations in cell wall, abnormal septum formation, cellular disintegration, and cell lysis were observed. Unusual size and shape of staphylococcal cells were obviously noted in the treated MRSA. These pioneer findings on proteomic profiling and phenotypic features of rhodomyrtone-treated MRSA may resolve its antimicrobial mechanisms which could lead to the development of a new effective regimen for the treatment of MRSA infections

    Changing the prehistory of Sindh and Las Bela coast: twenty-five years of Italian contribution

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    The paper discusses the prehistory of Lowr Sindh and Las Bela Coast, and the role played by the Italian archaeologists since the 1980's. New date are presented regarding mainly the radiocarbon chronology the Indus Delta settlement on rocky outcrops and the shell middens of Las Bela
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