Stratigraphy of Kootenai in Montana

The Kootenai of Montana is a variable formation as far as composition is concerned. The formation consisting largely of a series of sandstones, shales, and shaly sandstones. The presence of the limestone and carbonaceous members being irregular indicating variable climatic conditions throughout the deposition of the sediments. The fresh water environment being confined to the western slope, while the central and the eastern portions had more swampy conditions with local fresh water depositions

Dye laser remote sensing of marine plankton

Dye laser, emitting four wavelengths sequentially in time, has been incorporated into helicopter-borne lidar flight package, for performing studies of laser-induced fluorescence of chlorophyll A in algae. Data obtained by multicolor lidar technique can provide water-resource management with rapid-access wide-area coverage of the impact of various environmental factors for any body of water

Two families of graphs satisfying the cycle basis interpolation property

AbstractThe length of a cycle basis of a graph G is the sum of the lengths of its cycles. Let c−,c+ be the lengths of the minimal and maximal cycle basis, respectively. Then G has the cycle basis interpolation property (cbip) if for all integers c, c−⩽c⩽c+, there exists a cycle basis of length c. We construct two families of graphs with the cbip, namely snake-graphs and kite-graphs

Cold Flow Testing of a Modified Subscale Model Exhaust System for a Space Based Laser

The aim of this research was a continued study of gas-dynamic phenomena that occurred in a set of stacked nozzles as reported by Captains Ian Bautista in 2003 and Scott Bergren in 2002. The arrangement of the stacked nozzles was a modified version of a 1/5th scale-model of one quadrant of the conceptual Space Based Laser Integrated Flight Experiment (SBL IFX) gas dynamic laser. Rather than cylindrical rings of nozzles, the stacked nozzles were flat and able to be rotated about a vector normal to the nozzle exits. This set of stacked flat nozzles was installed on a blow-down/vacuum wind tunnel, which in addition to the nozzles, consisted of a stilling chamber, centerbody, supersonic diffuser, and transition structure to join the vacuum and test sections. The goals of this research were two fold; first, modify the original scale-model of the stacked cylindrical rings of nozzles so schlieren photography could be used to visualize an average flow field across the nozzles. Secondly, using the schlieren photographs, in conjunction with pressure data, observe the interactions between the individual nozzles. Results have shown that the modified nozzle array produces a vastly complex flow field as well as a highly supersonic flow regime, with Mach numbers that reach as high as 5.6

The relationship between invasive annual grasses and biological soil crust across Eastern Washington

Invasive annual grasses cause ecological and economic damage across the western US and are a focal point in restoration and management plans. Managing invasion resistance of natural areas is critical to maintaining their biodiversity and function. Climate change is expected to shift species interactions, including invasive annual grasses, and may alter invasion resistance. One component of invasion resistance is biological soil crust (biocrust), which has been shown to limit Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) in arid regions. However, biocrust has been less studied in semiarid regions and its effects on other invasive annual grasses, such as Ventenata dubia, have never been studied. The goals of my project were to I) determine how the relationship between invasive annual grasses and biocrust vary across a precipitation gradient and among different invasive annual grass species, 2) determine how patterns of biocrust and Ventenata dubia change over time (3 years), and 3) determine the effects of trampling on biocrust composition and species invasion over 3 years. I surveyed biocrust and invasive annual grasses in 168 plots across 21 sites along a precipitation gradient from arid to semiarid. I also resurveyed vascular plant species and biocrust across a series of transects that were located across a gradient from high to low V. dubia abundance three years after they were established. Finally, I resurveyed vascular plants and biocrust in a series of experimentally trampled and control plots after three years. Biocrust was surveyed using morphological and color groups. I found that the dominant invasive annual grass along the precipitation gradient in eastern Washington shifted from B. tectorum in arid regions to V. dubia in semiarid regions. Biocrust percent cover and lichen richness was negatively correlated with both invasive annual grasses across all sites. Soil depth and topography also affect distribution of invasive annual grasses. Looking at long-term patterns of V. dubia in a semiarid prairie, I found that biocrust abundance or composition did not affect V. dubia. Additionally, trampling applied 3 years ago appeared to have no impact on V. dubia or biocrust abundance. V. dubia abundance over 3 years of sampling was strongly correlated with spring water depth in vernal pond areas. My results can be used to help land managers better understand the relationship between biocrust and invasive annual grass, particularly in the face of climate change which may create more arid climates in the Inland Northwest. Additionally, land managers can focus management of V. dubia in locations where excess spring precipitation persists --Leaves iv-v

I want to be my own person: the meaning-making and psychosocial processes of legacy students at Bucknell University

This study examined the meaning-making and psychosocial processes of five female legacy students at Bucknell University, each of whom having had at least one parent graduate from the institution. With a research philosophy, design, and methodology rooted in qualitative inquiry and phenomenology, inductive data analysis led to three primary categories that underscored legacy identity development. The first, Paradox of Influence and Identity, revealed through six themes nuanced experiences of separation-individuation. Second, Teaching and Learning, comprised of five themes, illuminated the impact of family — and of Bucknell parent alumni in particular — on their children’s internal working models. Lastly, Bucknell — the Environmental Contextand the five themes grouped therein highlighted the contributions of University community members, and of the campus culture and climate itself, to the co-construction of psychosocial formation. A tentative outline of grounded theory was offered, which explored categorical relationships; Paradox of Influence and Identity emerged as thedominant phenomenon, informing and being reinforced by the data of Teaching and Learning and Bucknell — the Environmental Context. Provisional intervention strategies for student affairs practice, in the contexts of academics, residential life, and career development, were discussed. Further, triangulated research is needed to substantiate and evolve the findings and theoretical model of this thesis

When can exercise supplant surgery for degenerative meniscal tears?

When can exercise supplant surgery for degenerative meniscal tears? PRACTICE CHANGER: Recommend supervised exercise therapy to your patients with a medial, degenerative meniscal tear and a minimal history of osteoarthritis because it is as effective as partial meniscectomy, entails little risk, and has the added benefit of increasing muscle strength. Stength of recommendation: B: Based on a single, good quality, randomized controlled trial

When to "CAP" off treatment for pneumonia

Is 5 days of antibiotic therapy really sufficient for adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia? PRACTICE CHANGER: Prescribe 5 days of antibiotic treatment for inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia because it produces the same clinical success rates as longer treatment regimens, but is associated with fewer negative patient outcomes

Evidence of hybrid institutional logics in the U.S. public research university

While the ascendancy of market behaviours in public research universities is well documented, the extent to which universities have transformed themselves into industry-like organisations has been called into question. So to what extent are universities displaying transformation in their core values? The concept of institutional logics, with its focus on the relationship between organisational design and underlying beliefs and values, shows potential to address this question. Yet study of institutional logics at the campus level has to date been limited. This paper presents an empirical analysis of three U.S. research universities’ organising principles as expressed in key mission and planning documents over a fifteen-year period. Of the multiple strategies at play in the universities’ responses to potentially competing values, the creation of new, hybrid logics is of particular interest. The concept of hybrid logics suggests a promising framework for understanding how universities can and do manage tensions in their mission

Kentucky River Basin Water Quality Assessment Study

The current report summarizes the work associated with the construction, calibration, and application of the CE-QUAL-W2 water quality model to the Kentucky River. In applying the model to the Kentucky River System, the primary objective was to assess the impact of the operation of low-level control valves on water quality of the Kentucky River. This was accomplished by modeling the impact of the valves for low flow conditions associated with the 1930 drought of record along with projections for the year 2020. The results of this study indicate that for the modeled scenario, the proposed valves can be used to draw down the individual pools on the Kentucky River a maximum of 4 feet without causing significant chronic or acute impacts to the biota of the river