GEOTECNOLOGIAS E SABERES TRADICIONAIS APLICADOS À ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL

Este trabalho se propõe apresentar o caso empírico de comunidades usuárias dos recursos naturais do município de São João da Ponta, nordeste paraense, numa escala espaço-temporal que permita visualizar os usos da terra e dos recursos naturais. Partindo-se de análise comparativa do período antes e após a criação da Unidade de Conservação de Uso Sustentável, categoria Reserva Extrativista, busca-se entender a relação entre essas populações e os usos da terra e dos recursos naturais a partir da análise dos significados e representações que essas populações têm sobre os conceitos de paisagem, território e lugar. A identificação dessas representações contribuirá para a elaboração de uma base de dados georreferenciada que será aplicada no desenvolvimento de um projeto cartográfico, cujos resultados serão espacializados em mapas temáticos. O resultado evidenciará aspectos das mudanças nas dinâmicas comerciais das comunidades tradicionais do município de São João da Ponta e sua atual relação com a Reserva Extrativista Marinha

A PROBLEMÁTICA DO LIXO E SEU TRANSPORTE FLUVIAL: UM RISCO A SAÚDE PUBLICA E A DEGRADAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA ILHA DE COTIJUBA (BELÉM/PA)

A ilha de Cotijuba está localizada entre as Baías do Marajó e Guajará no Estado do Pará, tendocomo predominância a vegetação de floresta ombrófila densaaluvial. O presente artigo busca analisar, discutir e prevenir as problemáticas ligadas aos impactos sociais e ambientais, gerados pelos depósitos irregulares de lixo na ilha e o seu transporte por via fluvial, iniciado a partir de 2010 com a desativação do antigo “lixão” de Cotijuba, onde esses resíduos começaram a se concentrar às proximidades da feira de peixe e do posto de saúde da ilha, para que posteriormente sejam transportados de barco para Belém, evidenciando o risco a saúde pública. Buscamos destacar as principais doenças relacionadas e seus respectivos vetores, a contaminação do solo e dos recursos hídricos, e a degradação dos ecossistemas locais, pertinentes à gestão do lixo. Para a elaboração deste trabalho foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico e trabalhos de campo para obtenção de informações da área de estudo, nas quais foram realizadas entrevistas com moradores, registro fotográficoe utilização de GPS.Diante dessas problemáticas é evidente a necessidade de promover uma gestão adequada desses resíduos, a fim de prevenir e reduzir possíveis efeitos negativos sobre o meio ambiente e os riscos à saúde humana

Restoration of Cyclo-Gly-Pro-induced salivary hyposecretion and submandibular composition by naloxone in mice.

Cyclo-Gly-Pro (CGP) attenuates nociception, however its effects on salivary glands remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of CGP on salivary flow and composition, and on the submandibular gland composition, compared with morphine. Besides, we characterized the effects of naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist) on CGP- and morphine-induced salivary and glandular alterations in mice. After that, in silico analyses were performed to predict the interaction between CGP and opioid receptors. Morphine and CGP significantly reduced salivary flow and total protein concentration of saliva and naloxone restored them to the physiological levels. Morphine and CGP also reduced several infrared vibrational modes (Amide I, 1687-1594cm-1; Amide II, 1594-1494cm-1; CH2/CH3, 1488-1433cm-1; C = O, 1432-1365cm-1; PO2 asymmetric, 1290-1185cm-1; PO2 symmetric, 1135-999cm-1) and naloxone reverted these alterations. The in silico docking analysis demonstrated the interaction of polar contacts between the CGP and opioid receptor Cys219 residue. Altogether, we showed that salivary hypofunction and glandular changes elicited by CGP may occur through opioid receptor suggesting that the blockage of opioid receptors in superior cervical and submandibular ganglions may be a possible strategy to restore salivary secretion while maintaining antinociceptive action due its effects on the central nervous system

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora