A xiloteca do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau e as madeiras da Mata Atlântica

A xylotheque is a scientific collection of identified woods with collection data available representative of the biological diversity. It is a reference tool for studies and research in the botanical and technological area, both for wood producers and traders, also aiming at comparison and identification of new samples of wood. The xylotheque described hereafter is associated with the herbarium of the Cocoa Research Center, which is currently one of the largest in the Northeast region and holds the most important collection of plant specimens of the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia and Northern Espírito Santo. The aim of this study is to give visibility to the information available in the xylotheque. With the increase of the visibility of the xylotheque to a wider audience – researchers and public in general –, we expected to give value to information on the patrimony of the vegetal species of the south of Bahia, safeguarding data of important relevance for the understanding of the forest diversity of the region.Xiloteca es una colección científica de maderas identificadas y con datos de recolección disponibles, testigo de la diversidad biológica. Es una herramienta de referencia para estudios e investigaciones en el área botánica y tecnológica, tanto para productores como para comerciantes de madera, lo que permite la comparación e identificación de nuevas muestras de madera. La xiloteca descrita a continuación está asociada con el herbario del Centro de Investigación del Cacao, que actualmente es uno de los más grandes de la región noreste y posee la colección más importante de especímenes de plantas que representan el Bosque Atlántico del sur de Bahía y el norte de Espírito Santo. El objetivo del estúdio es dar visibilidad a la información presente en la xiloteca. Con um aumento en la visibilidad de la xiloteca para um público más amplio – investigadores y interessados en general –, esperamos mejorar la información que constituye el patrimonio de las especies vegetales en el sur de Bahía, preservando así datos de gran relevancia para la comprensión de la diversidad forestal de la región.Une xylothèque est une collection scientifique des bois identifiés avec des données de collecte disponibles, où la diversité biologique est représentée. C'est un outil de référence pour les études et les recherches dans les domaines botanique et technologique, à la fois pour les producteurs et les négociants en bois, et qui permet aussi la comparaison et l'identification de nouveaux échantillons de bois. La xylothèque en question est associée à l'herbier du Centre de recherches sur le Cacao, qui est actuellement l'un des plus importants du Nord-Est brésilien, et abrite la plus importante collection de spécimens de plantes représentatives de la forêt atlantique du sud de Bahia et du nord de Espírito Santo. L'objectif de cette étude est de donner une plus grande visibilité aux informations présentes dans cette xylothèque. Avec l’augmentation de la visibilité de la xylothèque auprès d’un plus large public – des chercheurs et des personnes intéressées en général –, on prévoit valoriser les informations sur le patrimoine des espèces végétales du sud de Bahia, en préservant ainsi des données d’une grande importance pour la compréhension de la diversité forestière de la région.Xiloteca é uma coleção científica de madeiras identificadas com dados de coleta disponíveis e que é representativa da diversidade biológica. É um referencial para estudos e pesquisas na área botânica e tecnológica, tanto para produtores, como para comerciantes de madeira, servindo também para comparação e identificação de novas amostras de madeira. A xiloteca em estudo está associada ao herbário do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, que atualmente é um dos maiores da região nordeste e conserva a mais importante coleção de espécimes vegetais representantes da Mata Atlântica do sul baiano e norte do Espírito Santo. O objetivo desse estudo é dar visibilidade às informações presentes nessa xiloteca. Com o aumento da visibilidade da xiloteca para uma maior audiência – pesquisadores e público em geral –, espera-se valorizar informações sobre o patrimônio das espécies vegetais do sul da Bahia, resguardando dados de importante relevância para a compreensão da diversidade florestal da região

Flora da Bahia: Guapira (Nyctaginaceae)

É apresentado o tratamento taxonômico de Guapira (Nyctaginaceae) do estado da Bahia, Brasil. Foram reconhecidas 12 espécies, incluindo G. noxia e G. tomentosa, ambas registradas pela primeira vez no estado. O tratamento inclui chave de identificação, descrições, comentários, além de ilustrações e mapas de distribuição geográfica das espécies na Bahia

Estrutura da comunidade de plantas vasculares em clareiras naturais e em área perturbada por fogo em uma floresta pluvial tropical Atlântica no Sul da Bahia, Brasil

The effects of disturbances on plant community structure in tropical forests have been widely investigated. However, a majority of these studies examined only woody species, principally trees, whereas the effects of disturbances on the whole assemblage of vascular plants remain largely unexplored. At the present study, all vascular plants < 5m tall were surveyed in four habitats: natural treefall gaps, burned forest, and their adjacent understorey. The burned area differed from the other habitats in terms of species composition. However, species richness and plant density did not differ between burned area and the adjacent understorey, which is in accordance to the succession model that predict a rapid recovery of species richness, but with a different species composition in areas under moderate disturbance. The treefall gaps and the two areas of understorey did not differ among themselves in terms of the number of individuals, number of species, nor in species composition. The absence of differences between the vegetation in treefall gaps and in understorey areas seems to be in agreement with the current idea that the species present in treefall gaps are directly related to the vegetation composition before gap formation. Only minimal differences were observed between the analyses that considered only tree species and those that considered all growth habits. This suggests that the same processes acting on tree species (the best studied group of plants in tropical forests) are also acting on the whole assemblage of vascular plants in these communities.Os efeitos das perturbações sobre parâmetros da estrutura de comunidade de plantas em florestas tropicais têm sido freqüentemente analisados. Porém, a maioria dos estudos realizados até o momento tem considerado somente plantas lenhosas, principalmente árvores, e o efeito de perturbações sobre toda a comunidade de plantas vasculares ainda não havia sido avaliado. No presente estudo, todas as plantas vasculares menores que 5 metros de altura foram amostradas em clareiras naturais, em uma área de floresta queimada em um incêndio acidental e em áreas de sub-bosque adjacentes. A área queimada diferiu das outras áreas em relação à composição de espécies, porém a riqueza de espécies e a densidade de indivíduos não foi diferente entre a área queimada e as áreas de sub-bosque. Estes resultados estão de acordo com os modelos sucessionais que prevêem que em locais sujeitos a perturbações de intensidade moderada ocorre uma rápida recuperação da riqueza de espécies, porém com uma composição de espécies diferenciada. As clareiras naturais e as áreas de sub-bosque não diferiram quanto ao número de indivíduos e de espécies, nem em relação à composição de espécies. A ausência de diferenças entre a vegetação em clareiras e no sub-bosque sugere que as espécies encontradas em clareiras estão diretamente relacionadas às espécies presentes antes da formação das clareiras. Foram observadas apenas pequenas diferenças entre os resultados das análises que consideraram somente as espécies arbóreas e as análises considerando todos os hábitos de crescimento, sugerindo que os mesmos processos que atuam sobre as espécies arbóreas estão também atuando sobre toda a comunidade de plantas vasculares nestas florestas.303313Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

New genus and species records of Bromeliaceae in the Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil: Orthophytum disjunctum L.B. Sm. (Bromelioideae) and Tillandsia paraibensis R.A. Pontes (Tillandsioideae)

In the present work we describe the first occurrence of the genus Orthophytum (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) and of the species Tillandsia paraibensis within the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Both taxa were recorded on inselbergs in areas of caatinga. These findings are important, improving the knowledge of the Flora of Rio Grande do Norte and giving a better understand of the biogeography of Brazilian bromeliads

Systematics, taxonomy and floristics of Brazilian Rubiaceae: an overview about the current status and future challenges

The Rubiaceae is the fourth Angiosperm family in number of species in the World and in the Neotropics. Its overwhelming diversity and presence in most biomes, and at most vegetation layers, makes this family one of the most important components of tropical vegetation. During the last two decades, family classification went through several reorganizations, mostly influenced by the advent of molecular phylogenetic studies, and many taxonomic revisions and floristic studies on Brazilian Rubiaceae have become available. In view of the considerable amount of literature that has recently been produced on Neotropical Rubiaceae, the present work has two main objectives: the first is to offer an overall view of the most recent family classification with emphasis on the genera of Rubiaceae occurring in Brazil, and to indicate particular taxa that are still in need of phylogenetic and taxonomic studies; the second objective is to present a short discussion on the state of floristic and taxonomic knowledge with respect to the various regions of Brazil, indicating the taxa and the geographic areas that need to be studied

Capparaceae no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

ResumoO presente estudo consiste no levantamento florístico-taxonômico das espécies de Capparaceae para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Nordeste do Brasil. Foram registrados cinco gêneros e seis espécies: Capparidastrum (1 sp.); Crateva (1 sp.); Cynophalla(2 spp.); Mesocapparis (1 sp.) eNeocalyptrocalyx (1 sp.). As espécies ocorrem com maior frequência em Caatinga sensu lato e em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Capparidastrum frondosum e Mesocapparis lineata são novas ocorrências, esta última restrita a uma única localidade no estado. São apresentadas descrições, chave de identificação para as espécies e ilustrações