Strategic Spatial Planning Consideration in the Kingdom Vision 2030 and National Physical Planning Plan: Utilizing Content Analysis Methodology for Evaluation and Comparison

Urban and regional planning over the time pass through a lot of changes in the 20th century and have been impacted by economic, social and environmental problems. However, old traditional planning approaches were replaced by sustainable approaches to avoid the limitations and improve the results. One of these new approaches known as strategic spatial planning which defined as a long term perspective with clear methodology and strategic vison for critical and important issues in all aspects of economic, social and environment as well as involve stakeholders in this vision through focusing on spatial aspects to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this study is to analyze the content of vision 2030 for Saudi Arabia based on the perspective of spatial strategic planning and compare it with the content of urban national strategy through using same base line. The purpose of this comparison is to explore the achievement of spatial development considerations in the 2030 vision. The literatures review helps to identify the key aspects of strategic spatial planning (economic, social, environmental), as well as identify important considerations associated with each one of them. However, eight considerations were associated with the economical aspect and seven considerations were associated with the social aspect. While, there are five considerations associated with the environmental aspect. By applying content analyses approach; the quantitative analysis of repetitions of the spatial considerations was high in the urban strategy rather than vision 2030 in the overview context. Moreover, there is homogeneity for spatial considerations in the urban strategy with more clarity than vision 2030. Based on the repetitions of spatial considerations in 2030 vision; the vision is focusing more on the economical aspect, social aspect then environmental aspect

ArPanEmo: An Open-Source Dataset for Fine-Grained Emotion Recognition in Arabic Online Content during COVID-19 Pandemic

Emotion recognition is a crucial task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that enables machines to comprehend the feelings conveyed in the text. The applications of emotion recognition are diverse, including mental health diagnosis, student support, and the detection of online suspicious behavior. Despite the substantial amount of literature available on emotion recognition in various languages, Arabic emotion recognition has received relatively little attention, leading to a scarcity of emotion-annotated corpora. This paper presents the ArPanEmo dataset, a novel dataset for fine-grained emotion recognition of online posts in Arabic. The dataset comprises 11,128 online posts manually labeled for ten emotion categories or neutral, with Fleiss' kappa of 0.71. It targets a specific Arabic dialect and addresses topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first and largest of its kind. Python's packages were utilized to collect online posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic from three sources: Twitter, YouTube, and online newspaper comments between March 2020 and March 2022. Upon collection of the online posts, each one underwent a semi-automatic classification process using a lexicon of emotion-related terms to determine whether it belonged to the neutral or emotional category. Subsequently, manual labeling was conducted to further categorize the emotional data into fine-grained emotion categories

The impact of health insurance programme on the quality of the private hospital's services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This study is a first step in the exploration of the impact of the implementation of health insurance programmes on the quality of service within private hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a population of 22.7 million (2002 Census), and is situated between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. It has a land area of 2.2 million square miles that consists of vast deserts, the date palm oases of legend, as well as steep mountains and cool green valleys.The history, economic, social and political development of KSA is dominated by the culture of Islam, which permeates every aspect of a Muslim's life, and also permeates every aspect of the Saudi Arabian state. The basis of government is Shariah law, and within this legal system there are different views among Shariah scholars on the subject of "Insurance". At the time of writing whether insurance is 'legal' is still a subject for debate.The Ministry of Health (MOH) is the agency with the overall responsibility for health care in KSA. But there are 16 other health care providers that provide health care mainly for their own staff, for example, the Ministry of Defense and Aviation. Within the health service sector the private health sector has grown very quickly in recent years. In 2002 there were 101 private hospitals with the capacity of 9834 beds, which constituted 19.35% of the total number of beds in the Kingdom.Within this sector the Al-Hammadi Hospital has been chosen as the context of the study, firstly because it is one of the largest general hospitals in the Kingdom, and secondly for the practical reasons that it was the only hospital of those approached that agreed to the research project being carried out in the hospital.In private hospitals the patient treatment model that used has been the cash model that has two members, a physician who provides the services and a patient who pays directly. The introduction of a health insurance programme changes the patient treatment model, and introduces a third member, the insurance agent. The duties of this third member are firstly, to make sure that services provided are essential and included in the agreed insurance policy coverage. Secondly to pay the expenses according to the amount of money paid by patient in advance. The investigation starts from the premise that the introduction of third member will affect the whole system of providing medical care.The development of methodology started with the development of a new metaphor rooted in the Islamic culture of KSA. The "JAR" metaphor has three components Jassad (Body), Aqel (Mind) and Rouh (Soul) which derive from the concept of worship in Islam and Shariah Law. This metaphor was subsequently used in the development of the project methodology and the development of a 'Quality Model' which was used to analyze the health care process.The 'Quality Model' is based on the 'Quality Cube' model developed by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) which introduced a process of accreditation for healthcare organizations based on their model. By using the JAR metaphor a new quality model was developed composed of 33 quality elements grouped into three groups, performance dimensions, care dimensions, and organizational dimensions. This model was then used as the basis of an investigation into changes in health quality due to the change from a cash funded health system to an insurance funded health system. A survey was selected as the most suitable instrument to conduct the study where the target populations of the survey are the doctors, outpatients, and inpatients.Two questionnaire data collection instruments were designed which were validated by firstly by a group of jurors, and secondly reliability was tested using a pilot study. These were found to have an acceptable level of reliability. Samples of doctors and patients from the populations within the Al Hammadi Hospital were selected. The return responses from the survey process were 66.7% for doctors, 84% for inpatients, and 70% for outpatients. The results were compiled and analysed.The main result of the data analysis was that there is significant agreement among the study groups that the impact on private hospitals due to the change of funding model is positive. This result can be converted to the JCAHO Accreditation grid score of 2 which corresponds to 'significant compliance to our quality model standards'. The coefficient analysis results shows that 50% of the influence on quality can be attributed to the combination of 'medical technology', 'patient respect and caring', and 'nutrition care'. It is therefore concluded that private hospitals and insurance companies should give more attention to these particular factors.This positive result was not expected since Saudi culture appears to be unsupportive of insurance implementation, therefore some concern may be directed to Islamic issues in the implementation process and warrants further research. The use of the JAR metaphor in the quality model and the selection of appropriate research methods, shows that the metaphor has potential of introducing a new model into system thinking which is also an area for further studies and research. Finally, introducing an instrument that can be used in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for identifying quality compliance to standards as well as evaluating the impact of some issues on quality such as health insurance is one of main contributions of the study

AUTOMATIC IRAQI CARS NUMBER PLATES EXTRACTION

License Plate Recognition (LPR) system becomes animportant research issue in recent years due to its importance to wideranges of commercial applications. The first and the most importantstage for any LPR system is the localization of the number platewithin the vehicle image. This paper presents a methodology for Iraqicars number plates extraction from the vehicle image using twomethods, the first one is morphological operations and the secondmethod is edge detection. The main idea is to use these two differentmethods in such away so that the number plate of the vehicle can beextracted precisely. These algorithms can quickly and correctly detectand extract the number plate from the vehicle image although therewas a little noise in the image. This paper also makes a comparisonbetween the two methods of extraction in results. The software thatused to build the systems is MATLAB R2014

Union dissolution decisions and childbearing in subsequent unions: a study of Australian panel data

The extent to which childbearing occurs within marital unions has decreased dramatically over recent decades. While a wealth of studies examined recent patterns of childbearing out-ofwedlock and premarital childbearing, research has been less systematic on deciphering childbearing patterns after marital dissolution. Our study contributes to understanding of the latter by examining the associations between union dissolution decisions and post-marital firsttime parenthood and parity progressions. We argue that individuals initiate union dissolutions to leave union contexts that are not deemed appropriate for parenthood or for a rewarding family life. We test this using hazard regression models for first-to-fourth order conceptions leading to live births. The analyses are done in the context of multi-process modelling to address selectivity due to individual-specific unobserved factors that lead individuals to dissolve unions, re-partner, and build or grow their families. The sample is restricted to women aged 16 to 40, who were observed since their first marriage, from the panel study Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Our results show that while union dissolution is associated with lower rates of first-time parenthood, rates of parity progression are similar across stable first marital and subsequent unions. Initiating the dissolution of the first marital union does not significantly reduce the time to first or higher-order conceptions. Since we find conception episodes and union dissolutions to be positively associated on individual-specific unobserved factors, we conclude that further research is needed linking the causes and context of union dissolution with post-marital fertility behavior

Improving the fidelity of aerodynamic probes using additive manufacturing

Purpose This paper aims to offer the aerodynamic testing community a new procedure for manufacturing high-quality aerodynamic probes suitable for 3D flow measurements with consistent geometry and calibration by taking advantage of the additive manufacturing technology. Design/methodology/approach The design methodology combines the advantages and flexibilities of computer aided design (CAD)/computer aided manufacturing (CAM) along with the use of computational fluid dynamics to design and analyse suitable probe shapes prior to manufacturing via rapid prototyping. Findings A viable procedure to design and possibly batch manufacture geometrically accurate pneumatic probes with consistent calibration is shown to be possible through this work. Multi-jet modelling prototyping methods with wax-based support materials are found to be a cost-effective method when clean and long sub-millimetre pressure channels are to be cut. Originality/value Utilisation of the geometry consistency that is made possible by 3D printing technology for the design and development of pneumatic probes is described. It is suggested that the technique could lead to batch production of identical probes, thus avoiding precious time of a skilled labourer and elaborate individual calibration requirement

Effect of Recycling Waste Glass as Fine and Coarse Aggregate on Same Properties of Concrete

This research aims to study the possibility of reuse of glass waste as a partial replacement in the first two cases, instead of fine aggregates and weight ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) percent, in the second case a partial replacement of the coarse aggregates and the same proportions of the previous weight. The results showed that increasing the content of these wastes replaced by sand Resulted in a decrease in density and an increase in compressive strength at 28 days(16%,18%,27%,22%) respectively. The increase in splitting strength was 28 days (17%, 18.4%, 24.8%, 18%) respectively. The decrease in density was (1.5%,3%,4.4%,6%)respectively. The greatest effect was the compressive strength and splitting strength at 15% the replacement ratio. The results showed that increasing the content of these wastes replaced by gravel Resulted in a decrease in density and an increase in compressive strength at 28 days(12%,14%,16%,11%) respectively. The increase in splitting strength was 28 days (8.4%, 10.4%, 12%,8%) respectively. The decrease in density was(2.8%,4%,5.2%,6.4%)respectively. The greatest effect was the compressive strength and splitting strength at 15% the replacement ratio. The experimental results obtained from the modeling test showed that substituting the sand gave a higher density than replacing the gravel as well as compressive resistance and exhalation higher than gravel replacement