Some Effects of Photoperiod and Cold Storage on Oviposition of the Cereal Leaf Beetle Oulema Melanopus (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae)

An expanded program of research on the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), in various north-central states has made it necessary to develop methods of rearing all stages of the beetle for laboratory use. Because the insect survives diapause in the adult state (Castro, 1964 and Connin, et al., 1968) it must presently be stored 10-12 weeks at 38 F before consistent oviposition is obtained. Hoopingarner, et al. \u27(1965) indicated that, while males are sexually mature in the prediapause condition, the female was unwilling to mate until after diapause and was not mature sexually until after mating. More recent work by Bowers and Blickenstaff (1966) and Connin et al. (1967) indicated the possibility of breaking or eliminating diapause with chemicals. However, photoperiod also seemed influential in terminating diapause after varying periods of cold storage. The present paper reports observations on the photoperiodic effects

Studies of the olfactory behavior of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins

Published July 1966. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd

Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Many global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remain poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on observed and inferred human pressures and an index of lost connectivity, we generate a globally consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by the degree of anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 of forest (40.5%) has high landscape-level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa, and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally designated protected areas. Of the forest inside protected areas, only 56% has high landscape-level integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest integrity, especially in the most intact areas, are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at halting deforestation and restoring the integrity of forests globally

Decoding neural activity to predict rat locomotion using intracortical and epidural arrays

Objective. Recovery of voluntary gait after spinal cord injury (SCI) requires the restoration of effective motor cortical commands, either by means of a mechanical connection to the limbs, or by restored functional connections to muscles. The latter approach might use functional electrical stimulation (FES), driven by cortical activity, to restore voluntary movements. Moreover, there is evidence that this peripheral stimulation, synchronized with patients' voluntary effort, can strengthen descending projections and recovery. As a step towards establishing such a cortically-controlled FES system for restoring function after SCI, we evaluate here the type and quantity of neural information needed to drive such a brain machine interface (BMI) in rats. We compared the accuracy of the predictions of hindlimb electromyograms (EMG) and kinematics using neural data from an intracortical array and a less-invasive epidural array. Approach. Seven rats were trained to walk on a treadmill with a stable pattern. One group of rats (n¿¿=¿¿4) was implanted with intracortical arrays spanning the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex and EMG electrodes in the contralateral hindlimb. Another group (n¿¿=¿¿3) was implanted with epidural arrays implanted on the dura overlying hindlimb sensorimotor cortex. EMG, kinematics and neural data were simultaneously recorded during locomotion. EMGs and kinematics were decoded using linear and nonlinear methods from multiunit activity and field potentials. Main results. Predictions of both kinematics and EMGs were effective when using either multiunit spiking or local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from intracortical arrays. Surprisingly, the signals from epidural arrays were essentially uninformative. Results from somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) confirmed that these arrays recorded neural activity, corroborating our finding that this type of array is unlikely to provide useful information to guide an FES-BMI for rat walking. Significance. We believe that the accuracy of our decoders in predicting EMGs from multiunit spiking activity is sufficient to drive an FES-BMI. Our future goal is to use this rat model to evaluate the potential for cortically-controlled FES to be used to restore locomotion after SCI, as well as its further potential as a rehabilitative technology for improving general motor function