2,630 research outputs found
The protection pyramid approach:A contribution to the protection of internally displaced persons by combining bottom up coping mechanisms and top down protection strategies into a partnership approach to protection
The protection pyramid approach:A contribution to the protection of internally displaced persons by combining bottom up coping mechanisms and top down protection strategies into a partnership approach to protection
South Dakota Farmland Market Trends: 1991-1999
Agricultural land values and cash rental rates in South Dakota, by region and by state, are the primary topics of this report, which is written for farmers and ranchers, landowners, agricultural professionals (lenders, rural appraisers, professional farm managers, Extension agents, and educators), and policy makers interested in agricultural land market trends. This report contains the results of the 1999 SDSU South Dakota Farm Real Estate Market Survey, the ninth annual SDSU survey developed to estimate agricultural land values and cash rental rates by land use in different regions of South Dakota
Improving the signal detection accuracy of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Available online 12 April 2018A major drawback of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) concerns the lack of detection accuracy of the measured signal. Although this limitation stems in part from the neuro-vascular nature of the fMRI signal, it also reflects particular methodological decisions in the fMRI data analysis pathway. Here we show that the signal detection accuracy of fMRI is affected by the specific way in which whole-brain volumes are created from individually acquired brain slices, and by the method of statistically extracting signals from the sampled data. To address these limitations, we propose a new framework for fMRI data analysis. The new framework creates whole-brain volumes from individual brain slices that are all acquired at the same point in time relative to a presented stimulus. These whole-brain volumes contain minimal temporal distortions, and are available at a high temporal resolution. In addition, statistical signal extraction occurred on the basis of a non-standard time point-by-time point approach. We evaluated the detection accuracy of the extracted signal in the standard and new framework with simulated and real-world fMRI data. The new slice-based data-analytic framework yields greatly improved signal detection accuracy of fMRI signals.See https://github.com/iamnielsjanssen/slice-based for a full analysis
script using the Slice-Based method. This work was supported by The
Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC2011-08433 and
PSI2013-46334 to NJ)
Hungry or Stressed? Relationship between Stress and Attention for Food-related Words
Obesity is a major health problem in western society and caused by different factors. Stress-induced eating is widely thought to increase the risk for obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of stress on attention for food. We hypothesized that stress creates an attentional bias for high-caloric food, which can be assessed by an adapted Stroop task. This is measured by comparing reaction times for food-related words and non-food related words before and after stress. Against our expectations, we found that stress had no significantly different effect on the food word list compared to the neutral word list. Stressed and non-stressed participants turned out to be significantly slower on the food-word list than on the neutral-word list and participants were generally faster on both lists after stress. Taken together, our results show that the attentional bias for high-caloric food is not influenced by stress
Functional connectivity of the hippocampus and its subfields in resting-state networks
First published: 30 March 2021Many neuroimaging studies have shown that the hippocampus participates in a
resting-state
network called the default mode network. However, how the hippocampus
connects to the default mode network, whether the hippocampus connects
to other resting-state
networks and how the different hippocampal subfields
take part in resting-state
networks remains poorly understood. Here, we examined
these issues using the high spatial-resolution
7T resting-state
fMRI dataset from the
Human Connectome Project. We used data-driven
techniques that relied on spatially-restricted
Independent Component Analysis, Dual Regression and linear mixed-effect
group-analyses
based on participant-specific
brain morphology. The results
revealed two main activity hotspots inside the hippocampus. The first hotspot was
located in an anterior location and was correlated with the somatomotor network.
This network was subserved by co-activity
in the CA1, CA3, CA4 and Dentate Gyrus
fields. In addition, there was an activity hotspot that extended from middle to posterior
locations along the hippocampal long-axis
and correlated with the default mode
network. This network reflected activity in the Subiculum, CA4 and Dentate Gyrus
fields. These results show how different sections of the hippocampus participate in
two known resting-state
networks and how these two resting-state
networks depend
on different configurations of hippocampal subfield co-activity.Agencia Canaria de Investigación,
Innovación y Sociedad de la Información;
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y
Universidades, Grant/Award Number:
PSI2017-84933-
P,
PSI2017-91955-
EXP
and TEC2016-80063-
C3-
2-
R;
NIH
Blueprint for Neuroscience Research,
Grant/Award Number: 1U54MH091657;
McDonnell Center for Systems
Neuroscience; European Social Fund (ESF
Scattering features and variability of the Crab pulsar
We report on Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope observations of the Crab
pulsar at 350 MHz from 2012 November 24 until 2015 June 21. During this period
we consistently observe variations in the pulse profile of the Crab. Both
variations in the scattering width of the pulse profile as well as delayed
copies, also known as echoes, are seen regularly. These observations support
the classification of two types of echoes: those that follow the truncated
exponential shape expected for the thin-screen scattering approximation, and
echoes that show a smoother, more Gaussian shape. During a sequence of
high-cadence observations in 2015, we find that these non-exponential echoes
evolve in time by approaching the main pulse and interpulse in phase,
overlapping the main pulse and interpulse, and later receding. We find a pulse
scatter-broadening time scale, , scaling with frequency as
, with , which is consistent with expected
values for thin-screen scattering modelsComment: 10 pages, 7 figure
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