Death on the Job: Fatal Work Injuries in 2011

Even as government agencies, safety organizations, and employers strive to eliminate deaths at work, the latest data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) show that in the United States, an average of 13 workers die every day from injuries incurred on the job. This issue of BEYOND THE NUMBERS summarizes the final 2011 data from CFOI and highlights some important historical trends as well

Metabolic regulation of the shoot apical meristem by the TOR kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants dynamically adjust their development and growth pattern to maximize their chances to reproduce even under challenging conditions. The cellular basis for this remarkable phenotypic plasticity are stem cell populations that are maintained throughout the whole life of a plant. Intricate sensing and signaling mechanisms are required to instruct stem cell behavior according to current needs. Consequently, light- and nutrient signals are integrated and modulate the core molecular circuits underlying regulation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). We know that expression of the stem cell master regulator WUSCHEL (WUS) is modulated by photoreceptor mediated light signaling pathways together with sugar and nitrate. Activity of the evolutionary conserved TOR kinase is required to integrate and relay these signals, but we do not understand how TOR activity is conveyed to modulate WUS expression. In this work, I identified CK signaling in an RNAseq approach as the major downstream effector of TOR activity controlling WUS expression and shoot development. I demonstrate that TOR activity stabilizes trans-Zeatin which is known to be one of the major determinants influencing shoot growth and meristem maintenance. Mechanistically, this is achieved by TOR dependent translational repression of CKX catabolic enzymes, allowing plants to swiftly adjust their growth factor milieu in response to dynamic environments. This study is the first example for TOR mediated translational repression of a catabolic enzyme and thus provides a mechanistic framework integrating the contributions of central metabolism and core developmental regulators towards stemness

Marketing-Mix-Controlling mit dem Dorfman-Steiner-Theorem: Eine Anwendung aus dem Bereich langlebiger Gebrauchsgüter

• Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand eines Beispiels aus dem Bereich langlebiger Gebrauchsgüter, wie das Dorfman-Steiner-Theorem dazu genutzt werden kann Budgets und die Profitabilität einzelner Marketinginstrumente zu verbessern. • Der verwendete Ansatz unterstellt, dass in einer Umgebung des aktuellen Instrumenteneinsatzes eine glatte multidimensionale Absatzreaktionsfunktion existiert. • Der Ansatz ermöglicht, den aktuellen Marketing-Mix auf Optimalität zu testen. Im Anwendungsfall zeigt die Analyse zwar keine Abweichung des Gesamtbudgets für den betrachteten Marketing-Mix von einem Optimum, jedoch hätten Umschichtungen zwischen Marketinginstrumenten die Profitabilität verbessert. • Der entwickelte Ansatz erweitert die Möglichkeiten der Abweichungsanalyse um Abweichungen vom lokalen Optimum. Kann man unterstellen, dass Responsefunktion zeitlich stabil ist, liefert das der Budgetierungspraxis im Unternehmen ein Instrument zur Anpassung der Budgets für Marketinginstrumente in Richtung auf das Optimum. • Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine praktische Implementierung dieser bereits im Jahre 1954 von Dorfman und Steiner publizierten IdeeMarketing-Mix-Optimization, Sales Promotion, Budgeting, Consumer Durables, Sales Variances

Późnośredniowieczna nadmorska osada rybacka w Pleśnej, gm. Będzino, pow. Koszalin

The article is aimed at presentation of different aspects related to discovery and analysis of materials from a late medieval seaside fishing village at Pleśna. It presents a scope of archaeological rescue excavations and assesses factors responsible for destruction of a cliff shore along with the settlement placed on top of it. Additionally, the article brings about analysis of excavated materials. The settlement chronology and developmentof the Pleśna region occupation is  based upon archaeological evidence and historical sources.The article is aimed at presentation of different aspects related to discovery and analysis of materials from a late medieval seaside fishing village at Pleśna. It presents a scope of archaeological rescue excavations and assesses factors responsible for destruction of a cliff shore along with the settlement placed on top of it. Additionally, the article brings about analysis of excavated materials. The settlement chronology and developmentof the Pleśna region occupation is  based upon archaeological evidence and historical sources

On loss functions for deep neural networks in classification

Deep neural networks are currently among the most commonly used classifiers. Despite easily achieving very good performance, one of the best selling points of these models is their modular design – one can conveniently adapt their architecture to specific needs, change connectivity patterns, attach specialised layers, experiment with a large amount of activation functions, normalisation schemes and many others. While one can find impressively wide spread of various configurations of almost every aspect of the deep nets, one element is, in authors’ opinion, underrepresented – while solving classification problems, vast majority of papers and applications simply use log loss. In this paper we try to investigate how particular choices of loss functions affect deep models and their learning dynamics, as well as resulting classifiers robustness to various effects. We perform experiments on classical datasets, as well as provide some additional, theoretical insights into the problem. In particular we show that L1 and L2 losses are, quite surprisingly, justified classification objectives for deep nets, by providing probabilistic interpretation in terms of expected misclassification. We also introduce two losses which are not typically used as deep nets objectives and show that they are viable alternatives to the existing ones

Composition at the CuInSe2 ZnO interface copper depletion induced by diethyl zinc

Abstract The interface formation between epitaxial CuInSe2 112 films and ZnO deposited by metal organic MBE is investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Reaction of diethyl zinc with CuInSe2 leads to the formation of an intrinsic ZnSe layer and copper depletion of the interface. This is associated with Zn doping of the chalcopyrite surface and a Fermi level shift towards the conduction band. The implications on the band alignment are discussed

Various aspects of bariatric surgery - a review

Introduction and purpose Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that has recently reached epidemic proportions. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of this disease tripled since 1975, reaching 13% of the global population in 2016. A body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² is typically the reference point for obesity in adults, and the mortality risk associated with obesity increases by 100% at BMI > 40 kg/ m² compared to individuals with normal body weight. The aim of the article is to present the benefits of bariatric surgery, encompassing not only weight loss but also a range of other advantages for obese patients undergoing the procedure. Materials and methods The literature included in the PubMed databases is searched through the words such as obesity, bariatric surgery. Description of the state of knowledge: The literature review shows the breadth of the issue. Obesity constitutes a public health crisis and a significant risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and numerous others. Since in most cases, lifestyle optimization and low-calorie diet alone are not sufficient, pharmacological interventions as well as surgical interventions are often necessary. Bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment option, as it has been demonstrated to not only reduce body weight but also decrease mortality from cardiovascular diseases and extend overall life expectancy. Conclusions The benefits, complications, and selection of the best surgical method for treating obesity are still under investigation. However, research demonstrates the long-term effectiveness of bariatric surgery in weight loss and the remission of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, as well as in preventing obesity-related cancers

Estimation of Hydrodynamic Forces on Cylinders Undergoing Flow-Induced Vibrations Based on Modal Analysis

The objective of the present study is estimating hydrodynamic forces acting on cylinders undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The cylinders are subjected to a uniform incoming flow at a laminar Reynolds number (Re = 250) and an upper transition Reynolds number (Re = 3.6 × 106) (Re = U∞D/ν defined based on the incoming flow U∞, the diameter of the cylinder D, and the viscosity of the fluid ν). Both a single cylinder and a configuration of piggyback cylinders are considered. Numerical simulations based on two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations combined with the k−ω SST turbulence model are carried out to obtain the snapshots of the surrounding flow fields for DMD analysis. The DMD method is a powerful tool to obtain the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of the coherent structures in the wake flow behind the cylinders. In the present study, this modal decomposition method is combined with a moving reference frame around the cylinders. The dominant DMD modes with their corresponding frequencies of the wake flows are identified and are used to reconstruct the flow fields. The large-scale shedding vortices are captured by the dominant modes. The reconstructed wake flow behind the cylinders is used to estimate the drag and lift forces on the cylinders combined with a force partitioning analysis.acceptedVersio

Marketing-Mix-Controlling mit dem Dorfman-Steiner-Theorem: Eine Anwendung aus dem Bereich langlebiger Gebrauchsgüter

Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand eines Beispiels aus dem Bereich langlebiger Gebrauchsgüter, wie das Dorfman-Steiner-Theorem dazu genutzt werden kann Budgets und die Profitabilität einzelner Marketinginstrumente zu verbessern. Der verwendete Ansatz unterstellt, dass in einer Umgebung des aktuellen Instrumenteneinsatzes eine glatte multidimensionale Absatzreaktionsfunktion existiert. Der Ansatz ermöglicht, den aktuellen Marketing-Mix auf Optimalität zu testen. Im Anwendungsfall zeigt die Analyse zwar keine Abweichung des Gesamtbudgets für den betrachteten Marketing-Mix von einem Optimum, jedoch hätten Umschichtungen zwischen Marketinginstrumenten die Profitabilität verbessert. Der entwickelte Ansatz erweitert die Möglichkeiten der Abweichungsanalyse um Abweichungen vom lokalen Optimum. Kann man unterstellen, dass Responsefunktion zeitlich stabil ist, liefert das der Budgetierungspraxis im Unternehmen ein Instrument zur Anpassung der Budgets für Marketinginstrumente in Richtung auf das Optimum. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine praktische Implementierung dieser bereits im Jahre 1954 von Dorfman und Steiner publizierten Ide

Influence of Space Flight on Fascicle Dynamics and Aponeurosis Movements in the Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle

Muscle atrophy is a topic that has to be dealt with for various reasons, for example, to understand and reduce muscle loss in elderly and bedridden patients. Astronauts after a space flight are interesting study participants because they experience muscle atrophy as a side effect of weightlessness and are healthy subjects at the same time. This thesis aimed to evaluate data from the study Sarcolab 3. This study recorded motion and ultrasound data of the calve muscle gastrocnemius medialis before and after the space flight of five astronauts. These recordings were taken at the resting muscle and during contraction, whereas earlier studies mainly focused on the relaxed muscle