Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos a virus del sarampión, rubeola, parotiditis, hepatitis B y los tres serotipos de poliovirus, en niños de Quindío, Colombia

bjetivo Determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos a virus de sarampión, rubeola, parotiditis, hepatitis B y los tres serotipos de poliovirus en población infantil del Departamento del Quindío, Colombia.Métodos Se colectaron muestras de sangre de 170 niños en edades comprendidas entre los cinco y nueve años de  nueve departamentos del Quindío. Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos tipo IgG para sarampión, rubeola y parotiditis  mediante un ELISA indirecto comercial. La inmunidad contra la poliomielitis se determinó por la presencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes a poliovirus según los métodos recomendados por OMS.Resultados De los 170 niños estudiados, 169 (99,41 %), 170 (100 %), and 167 (98,2 %) fueron seropositivos a  poliovirus 1, poliovirus 2, y poliovirus 3, respectivamente. El título promedio geométrico de anticuerpos fue 178 para poliovirus tipo 1, 120 para el tipo 2 y 56 para el tipo 3. De los 170 niños, el 96,47 % estuvo protegido contra parotiditis y rubeola y el 86,47 % contra sarampión. Se demostró respuesta serológica positiva contra el virus de la  hepatitis B solamente en el 62,35 % de las muestras.Conclusiones El programa de inmunización en el Quindío permitió la seroprotección contra los tres serotipos de la polio, rubeola y parotiditis. Sin embargo, la población infantil no está completamente protegida contra la infección con sarampión y virus  de la hepatitis B

Multi-Omic Epigenetic-Based Model Reveals Key Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Palmitic Acid Lipotoxicity in Human Astrocyte

Astrocytes are critical for the metabolic, structural and functional modulatory support of the brain. Lipotoxicity or high levels of saturated fatty acid as Palmitate (PA) has been associated with neurotoxicity, the loss or change of astrocytic functionality, and the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson or Alzheimer. Several molecular mechanisms of PA’s effect in astrocytes have been described, yet the role of epigenetic regulation and chromatin architecture have not been fully explored. In this study, we developed a multi-omic epigenetic-based model to identify the molecular mechanisms of lipotoxic PA activity in astrocytes. We used data from nine histone modifications, location of Topological Associated Domains (TADs) and transcriptional CTCF regions, where we identified the basal astrocyte epigenetic landscape. Moreover, we integrated transcriptomic data of astrocytic cellular response to PA with the epigenetic multi-omic model to identify lipotoxic-induced molecular mechanisms. The multi-omic model showed that chromatin conformation in astrocytes treated with PA have response genes located within shared topological domains, in which most of them also showed either repressive or enhancing marks in the Chip-Seq enrichment, reinforcing the idea that epigenetic regulation has a huge impact on the lipotoxic mechanisms of PA in the brain

A tetraoxane-based antimalarial drug candidate that overcomes PfK13-C580Y dependent artemisinin resistance.

K13 gene mutations are a primary marker of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria that threatens the long-term clinical utility of artemisinin-based combination therapies, the cornerstone of modern day malaria treatment. Here we describe a multinational drug discovery programme that has delivered a synthetic tetraoxane-based molecule, E209, which meets key requirements of the Medicines for Malaria Venture drug candidate profiles. E209 has potent nanomolar inhibitory activity against multiple strains of P. falciparum and P. vivax in vitro, is efficacious against P. falciparum in in vivo rodent models, produces parasite reduction ratios equivalent to dihydroartemisinin and has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics compatible with a single-dose cure. In vitro studies with transgenic parasites expressing variant forms of K13 show no cross-resistance with the C580Y mutation, the primary variant observed in Southeast Asia. E209 is a superior next generation endoperoxide with combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features that overcome the liabilities of artemisinin derivatives

Efficacy and Safety of Text Messages Targeting Adherence to Cardiovascular Medications in Secondary Prevention: TXT2HEART Colombia Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a prevalence of approximately 100 million patients. There is evidence that antiplatelet agents and antihypertensive medications could reduce the risk of new vascular events in this population; however, treatment adherence is very low. An SMS text messaging intervention was recently developed based on behavior change techniques to increase adherence to pharmacological treatment among patients with a history of ASCVD. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an SMS text messaging intervention to improve adherence to cardiovascular medications in patients with ASCVD. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial for patients with a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease, in one center in Colombia was conducted. Patients randomized to the intervention arm were assigned to receive SMS text messages daily for the first 4 weeks, 5 SMS text messages on week 5, 3 SMS text messages each in weeks 6 and 7, and 1 SMS text message weekly from week 8 until week 52. In contrast, patients in the control arm received a monthly SMS text message reminding them of the next study appointment and the importance of the study, requesting information about changes in their phone number, and thanking them for participating in the study. The primary endpoint was the change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, whereas the secondary endpoints were the changes in thromboxane B2 levels, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, medication adherence, cardiac and noncardiac mortality, and hospitalization. Linear regression analyses and bivariate tests were performed. RESULTS: Of the 930 randomized patients, 805 (86.5%) completed follow-up and were analyzed for the primary endpoint. There was no evidence that the intervention changed the primary outcome (LDL-C levels; P=.41) or any of the secondary outcomes evaluated (all P>.05). There was also no evidence that the intervention was associated with adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was no evidence that a behavior modification intervention delivered by SMS text messaging improved LDL-C levels, blood pressure levels, or adherence at 12 months. More research is needed to evaluate whether different SMS text messaging strategies, including personalized messages and different timings, are effective; future studies should include mixed methods to better understand why, for whom, and in which context (eg, health system or social environment) SMS text messaging interventions work (or not) to improve adherence in patients with ASCVD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03098186; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03098186. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028017

Sistematización de la gestión a la reducción de residuos sólidos en el conjunto Los Caminos etapa 1 y 2 en el Municipio de Soacha

Sistematizar la gestión encaminada a la reducción de residuos sólidos generados en el conjunto residencial Los Caminos etapa 1 y 2 en el Municipio de Soacha en pro del cumplimiento de la normatividad vigente ambientalLa presente sistematización parte de la temática de la gestión a la reducción de residuos sólidos dentro del conjunto los caminos etapa 1 y 2 del Municipio de Soacha, debido a la alta generación de estos residuos sólidos dentro del conjunto residencial, donde no se evidencia una apropiada manipulación, no se contaba con una empresa apropiada para dicha intervención de residuos sólidos. Esta sistematización pretende contribuir a la reducción de la contaminación ambiental en el conjunto mediante procesos de capacitación que genera cultura ambiental en la comunidad, evidenciando así la importancia y beneficios del aprovechamiento de estos residuos. Estos residuos crean impacto ambiental, donde se ven afectados nuestros aires, suelos, aguas y la salud de la persona por la debida proliferación de olores que genera su descomposición que, al mezclarse entre sí, inutiliza los residuos aprovechables. Para adelantar la presente sistematización el procesamiento de la información permitió abordar análisis en términos de la variable que inciden, en la gestión a la reducción, disposición de residuos sólidos como es su aprovechamiento y la aceptación de la comunidad antes y después de la implementación de estrategias ambientales. Se establecieron a partir de encuestas preliminares el conocimiento que tenía la comunidad respecto a la adecuada segregación en la fuente y los beneficios que esto genera. A su vez se medió el impacto que tuvo la sistematización en los habitantes de los conjuntos residenciales y la relación entre la educación ambiental y el aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos.The present systematization starts from the theme of managing to reduce solid waste within the set of roads stage 1 and 2 of the Municipality of Soacha, due to the high generation of these solid waste within the residential complex, where there is no evidence of an appropriate handling, there was no appropriate company for said intervention of solid waste. This systematization aims to contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution in the whole through training processes that generate environmental culture in the community, thus evidencing the importance and benefits of using these wastes. These wastes create an environmental impact, where our air, soil, water and human health are affected by the due proliferation of odors that their decomposition generates, which, when mixed with each other, renders usable waste useless. To advance the present systematization, the information processing allowed to undertake analyzes in terms of the variable that affect, in the management to the reduction, disposal of solid waste such as its use and the acceptance of the community before and after the implementation of strategies environmental The knowledge that the community had regarding the adequate segregation at the source and the benefits that this generates were established from preliminary surveys. In turn, the impact that the systematization had on the inhabitants of the residential complexes and the relationship between environmental education and the use of solid waste were measured

Impacts of fossil energy and its alternatives as a solution for less-favoured nations

La Sociedad actual ha tenido un considerable crecimiento y desarrollo, apoyado generalmente por fuentes de energía no renovables, trayendo un considerable número de consecuencias negativas, para la calidad de vida de las poblaciones. Es de esta manera, como surgen preguntas en cuanto a la necesidad de este tipo de fuentes energéticas, principalmente si estas son de alguna forma reemplazables por fuentes renovables o, en caso de no brindar los mismos resultados, saber si existe alguna forma de llevarlas a un sistema más sostenible. Partiendo de los principios de la termodinámica en donde se explica que la energía puede permanecer en un sistema sin que sea modificada su cantidad, podría considerarse que la idea de obtener la misma a partir de otras fuentes que sean renovables no está alejada de la realidad. Ejemplos de esta situación existen muchos, tal como el cambio a energía eólica ocurrido en Dinamarca, donde se logró obtener la energía suficiente para abastecer las necesidades de la nación, esto sin perder su productividad, sirviendo de ejemplo a otras naciones que quisieron investigar en estas temáticas. Este proceso de conversión es pertinente tanto a las empresas privadas como a los Gobiernos mismos, pues si bien existen formas de adaptarse a nuevos sistemas, lo realmente complicado entraría en el cambio de conciencia de la sociedad.1. RESUMEN...................................................................................................................................... 4 2. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................... 6 3. INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................... 7 4. ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES EN LA ERA FÓSIL........................................................................ 8 5. REFERENCIAS ............................................................................................................................ 24 6. REFERENCIAS DE NOTAS AL PIE.......................................................................................... 26The current Society has had a considerable growth and development, generally supported by non-renewable energy sources, bringing a considerable number of negative consequences for the quality of life of the populations. It is in this way that questions arise regarding the need for this type of energy sources, mainly if they are in some way replaceable by renewable sources or, if they do not provide the same results, to know if there is any way to bring them to a more sustainable system. Starting from the principles of thermodynamics where it is explained that energy can remain in a system without its quantity being modified, it could be considered that the idea of ​​obtaining it from other sources that are renewable is not far from reality. There are many examples of this situation, such as the switch to wind energy that occurred in Denmark, where it was possible to obtain enough energy to supply the needs of the nation, without losing its productivity, serving as an example to other nations that wanted to investigate in these themes. This conversion process is pertinent both to private companies and to governments themselves, because although there are ways to adapt to new systems, what is really complicated would be the change in society's consciousness.PregradoLa société actuelle a connu une croissance et un développement considérables, généralement soutenus par des sources d'énergie non renouvelables, entraînant un nombre considérable de conséquences négatives pour la qualité de vie des populations. C'est ainsi que se posent des questions sur la nécessité de ce type de sources d'énergie, principalement si elles sont en quelque sorte remplaçables par des sources renouvelables ou, si elles ne fournissent pas les mêmes résultats, de savoir s'il existe un moyen de les amener vers un système plus durable. Partant des principes de la thermodynamique où il est expliqué que l'énergie peut rester dans un système sans que sa quantité soit modifiée, on pourrait considérer que l'idée de l'obtenir à partir d'autres sources renouvelables n'est pas loin de la réalité. Il existe de nombreux exemples de cette situation, comme le passage à l'énergie éolienne qui s'est produit au Danemark, où il a été possible d'obtenir suffisamment d'énergie pour répondre aux besoins de la nation, sans perdre sa productivité, servant d'exemple à d'autres nations qui voulaient à investiguer dans ces thèmes. Ce processus de conversion est pertinent tant pour les entreprises privées que pour les gouvernements eux-mêmes, car s'il existe des moyens de s'adapter aux nouveaux systèmes, ce qui est vraiment compliqué, ce serait le changement de conscience de la société