Iranian clinical nurses' coping strategies for job stress

Iranian Clinical Nurses' Coping Strategies for Job Stress: Yadollah Jannati, et al. Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran-Objectives: Since the existence of work-related stressors is inevitable in nurses' workplace, nurses usually use a variety of coping strategies which can be called cognitive, affective, and behavioral techniques. In this study, we aimed to explore the coping strategies employed by the Iranian clinical nurses in depth. Methods: This work was a qualitative study using Straus and Corbin's grounded theory approach focusing on the process of coping with job stress used by Iranian clinical nurses. Results: The results of the present qualitative study indicate that the core category was "on the route to coping"which contained six categories comprising work management, self-control, emotional, spiritual, cognitive, and interactional strategies. Conclusions: We conclude that in nursing it is inevitable that different kinds of strategies are used to cope with the many stressors. The conceptual model emerging from the data indicate that nurses are engaged in a dynamic process of struggling to cope with job stressors. In fact, they are "on the route to coping"with the job stressors. Considering the high level of stress in the nursing profession, the findings of this study have implications for both hospital managers and Iranian clinical nurses

A developed asymmetric mulitlevel inverter with lower number of components

In this paper, a new configuration for symmetrical and asymmetrical multilevel inverters is proposed. In asymmetric mode, different algorithms are suggested in order to determine the magnitudes of DC voltage sources. The merit of this topology to the conventional symmetric and asymmetric inverters is verified by the provided comparisons. This topology uses a lower number of power electronic devices such as switches, IGBTs, diodes, related gate driver circuits and DC voltage sources. Owing the lower amount of requirements, it has lower total costs and needs less installation area. Also the control strategy has less complexity. The proposed converter can generate all the desired output voltage levels with positive and negative values. To confirm the practicability of the proposed inverter, simulation and experimental results are provided which are in good agreements

Menopause Age and the Associated Factors in Postmenopausal Women in Babol, Iran

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Menopause plays a pivotal role in women&rsquo;s life comprising of approximately one third of it. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the significance of this period. This study aimed to determine the age of menopause and its associated factors in postmenopausal women in Babol, Iran METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted by cluster sampling on 300 postmenopausal women identified by doorstep questioning of the homes in selected areas. The questionnaires consisted of information on the menopause age, body mass index (BMI), age at menarche, first pregnancy age, duration of hormonal contraceptive use, left-handedness, occupation, menstrual regularity, exercise, smoking habits, couple&rsquo;s education degree, marital status, family size and the number of births and abortions. The collected data were registered into checklists and The Holmes&nbsp;&&nbsp;Rahe Stress Scale was used for the assessment of the variables. FINDINGS: In total, the average age of menopause was 50.02&plusmn;0.21 years, the average length of marriage was 42.10&plusmn;0.63 years, age at last pregnancy was 35.15&plusmn;0.35 years and the lactation duration was 106.02&plusmn;3.5 months. A significant correlation was found between the length of marriage, age at last pregnancy, stress scores, lactation duration and the menopause age (p<0.001), while some factors such as BMI, regulation and age at menarche, duration of hormonal contraceptive use and exercise were found to have no significant correlations with the onset of menopause. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the mean age of menopause in Babol is within the normal range and it is associated with the length of marriage, age at last pregnancy, stress scores and lactation duration

Substance dependence and mental health in northern Iran

Background: Today, substance dependence and illegal trading of narcotics is considered as a global issue. Since mental disorder has been reported in about 90% of the substance dependents, this study aimed at determining the rate of mental health in the substance dependents in Sari Township in 2011.Materials and Methods: In this study, 500 substance.dependent patients were selected using convenience sampling method. To collect data, SCL.90.R was used for the evaluation of their mental health and a demographic questionnaire was employed for identifying their personal information. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software.Results: It was found that 90.4% of the participants were susceptible to mental disorder. Most of them suffered from depression, psychoticism, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and paranoia. Also, there was significant relationship between the mental health of single, divorced and married addicts (P &lt; 0.21).Conclusion: Due to the presence of mental disorder in the  substance.dependent patients, it is recommended to help treat them by providing them with education, psychotherapy, and psychiatric medication.Keywords: Abuse and dependence, mental disorder, mental health, psychiatric researc

A Study of Clinical Justice in the Experiences of Patients, Nurses, and Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Reducing healthcare injustice is a moral imperative. People's benefits from these rights differ dramatically from one place to another. Understanding justice in medical care services has created many problems due to ambiguities. The present study aimed to explain the experiences and perspectives of nurses, patients, and nursing students about clinical justice. Methods: This study was a qualitative one based on conventional content analysis. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used to collect data. Interviews were conducted with clinical nurses, nursing students, and hospitalized patients in hospitals of Behshahr (Mazandaran province). Purposive sampling was used and the interviews continued until data saturation was reached, and finally 73 (19 nursing students, 29 clinical nurses, and 25 hospitalized patients) participants entered the study. Interviews were recorded, and handwritten and then were coded and categorized based on conventional content analysis and themes were extracted. Results: The analysis of data revealed four main themes including �equal treatment�, �good manners�, �care and attention�, and �clinical competence� and 9 subthemes including �ethnic discrimination�, �socioeconomic discrimination�, �unaccompanied patients�, �forgiveness�, �respect�, �attention to patients� needs/problems�, �allocation of sufficient time�, �ability to prioritize� and �theoretical and practical competence�. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that by equal treatment, avoiding ethnic and socioeconomic discrimination, paying attention to the patients' needs and treating them well, and enhancing the level of theoretical and practical skills, it is possible to help create justice in patient care. © 2021 The Author(s)

A review on Variable Speed Control techniques for efficient control of Single-Phase Induction Motors: Evolution, classification, comparison

Single-Phase Induction Motor (SPIM) is the main contributor to the electricity consumption in residential and commercial sectors where three-phase power supply is not available. SPIM efficiencies range from as low as 30% to as high as 65%, depending on the motor type and design. To guarantee the efficient use of energy, the investigation of different SPIM drives have been increased in recent decades. Efficient control policies of SPIM drives offer a great potential for energy saving. Thus research on optimum operation of SPIM drives is escalating. However, there seems to be an absence of a comprehensive review on Variable Speed Control (VSC) techniques for SPIM drives in order to address the need for a thorough insight on SPIMs’ drives. In this paper, the principal of control techniques for SPIM drives is explained and their pros and cons are discussed. Ultimately, from different perspectives, VSC techniques for SPIM drives are compared and appraised. It is envisaged that this paper will be a valuable one-stop source of information for researchers working in this topic