Interacting Spreading Processes in Multilayer Networks: A Systematic Review

© 2013 IEEE. The world of network science is fascinating and filled with complex phenomena that we aspire to understand. One of them is the dynamics of spreading processes over complex networked structures. Building the knowledge-base in the field where we can face more than one spreading process propagating over a network that has more than one layer is a challenging task, as the complexity comes both from the environment in which the spread happens and from characteristics and interplay of spreads' propagation. As this cross-disciplinary field bringing together computer science, network science, biology and physics has rapidly grown over the last decade, there is a need to comprehensively review the current state-of-the-art and offer to the research community a roadmap that helps to organise the future research in this area. Thus, this survey is a first attempt to present the current landscape of the multi-processes spread over multilayer networks and to suggest the potential ways forward

A New 5 Flavour NLO Analysis and Parametrizations of Parton Distributions of the Real Photon

New, radiatively generated, NLO quark (u,d,s,c,b) and gluon densities in a real, unpolarized photon are presented. We perform three global fits, based on the NLO DGLAP evolution equations for Q^2>1 GeV^2, to all the available structure function F_2^gamma(x,Q^2) data. As in our previous LO analysis we utilize two theoretical approaches. Two models, denoted as FFNS_{CJK}1 & 2 NLO, adopt the so-called Fixed Flavour-Number Scheme for calculation of the heavy-quark contributions to F_2^gamma(x,Q^2), the CJK NLO model applies the ACOT(chi) scheme. We examine the results of our fits by a comparison with the LEP data for the Q^2 dependence of the F_2^gamma, averaged over various x-regions, and the F_2,c^gamma. Grid parametrizations of the parton densities for all fits are provided.Comment: 49 pages, 27 postscript figures; FORTRAN programs available at http://www.fuw.edu.pl/~pjank/param.htm

Mrgprd Enhances Excitability in Specific Populations of Cutaneous Murine Polymodal Nociceptors

The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (Mrgprd) is selectively expressed in nonpeptidergic nociceptors that innervate the outer layers of mammalian skin. The function of Mrgprd in nociceptive neurons and the physiologically relevant somatosensory stimuli that activate Mrgprd^-expressing (Mrgprd^+) neurons are currently unknown. To address these issues, we studied three Mrgprd knock-in mouse lines using an ex vivo somatosensory preparation to examine the role of the Mrgprd receptor and Mrgprd+ afferents in cutaneous somatosensation. In mouse hairy skin, Mrgprd, as marked by expression of green fluorescent protein reporters, was expressed predominantly in the population of nonpeptidergic, TRPV1-negative, C-polymodal nociceptors. In mice lacking Mrgprd, this population of nociceptors exhibited decreased sensitivity to cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli. Additionally, in vitro patch-clamp studies were performed on cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons from Mrgprd^(–/–) and Mrgprd^(+/–) mice. These studies revealed a higher rheobase in neurons from Mrgprd^(–/–) mice than from Mrgprd^(+/–) mice. Furthermore, the application of the Mrgprd ligand β-alanine significantly reduced the rheobase and increased the firing rate in neurons from Mrgprd^(+/–) mice but was without effect in neurons from Mrgprd^(–/–) mice. Our results demonstrate that Mrgprd influences the excitability of polymodal nonpeptidergic nociceptors to mechanical and thermal stimuli

From the hands of an early adopter's avatar to virtual junkyards: Analysis of virtual goods' lifetime survival

One of the major questions in the study of economics, logistics, and business forecasting is the measurement and prediction of value creation, distribution, and lifetime in the form of goods. In "real" economies, a perfect model for the circulation of goods is impossible. However, virtual realities and economies pose a new frontier for the broad study of economics, since every good and transaction can be accurately tracked. Therefore, models that predict goods' circulation can be tested and confirmed before their introduction to "real life" and other scenarios. The present study is focused on the characteristics of early-stage adopters for virtual goods, and how they predict the lifespan of the goods. We employ machine learning and decision trees as the basis of our prediction models. Results provide evidence that the prediction of the lifespan of virtual objects is possible based just on data from early holders of those objects. Overall, communication and social activity are the main drivers for the effective propagation of virtual goods, and they are the most expected characteristics of early adopters. © 2019 by the authors.</p

The Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline Au-Cu Alloys

Grain refinement to the nanocrystalline scale is known to enhance physical properties as strength and surface hardness. For the case of Au-Cu alloys, development of the pulsed electroplating has led to the functional control of nanocrystalline grain size in the as-deposited condition. The thermal aging of Au-Cu electrodeposits is now investigated to assess the stability of the nanocrystalline grain structure and the difference between two diffusion mechanisms. The mobility of grain boundaries, dominant at low temperatures, leads to coarsening of grain size whereas at high temperature the process of bulk diffusion dominates. Although the kinetics of bulk diffusion are slow below 500 K at 10{sup -20} cm{sup 2} {center_dot} sec, the kinetics of grain boundary diffusion are faster at 10{sup -16} cm{sup 2} {center_dot} sec. The diffusivity values indicate that the grain boundaries of the as-deposited nanocrystalline Au-Cu are mobile and sensitive to low-temperature anneal treatments affecting the grain size, hence the strength of the material

In ovo injection of prebiotics and synbiotics affects the digestive potency of the pancreas in growing chickens

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of 2 prebiotics and 2 synbiotics on the digestive potency of pancreas in 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 34-day-old cockerels. Prebiotics (inulin and Bi2 tos) and synbiotics (inulin + Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Bi2 tos + Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris) were injected in ovo into the air cell on the 12th d embryonic development. Their application increased the activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin in the pancreas. The most pronounced changes were observed at the end of the investigated rearing period (d 34). The strongest stimulative effects on amylase were shown by both synbiotics, on lipase synbiotic Bi2 tos + Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, and on trypsin all the used prebiotics and synbiotics. Simultaneously, neither the absolute nor the relative mass of the pancreas in comparison to control group were changed. Also, the injected in ovo compounds did not cause a deterioration in the posthatching condition of the chicken liver, as determined by measurement of the activity of marker enzymes in the blood (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Treatment with the prebiotics and synbiotics did not change the feed conversion ratio but Bi2 tos (galacto-oligosaccharide) and inulin (fructan) + Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis significantly increased final BW

The UTMOST Survey for Magnetars, Intermittent pulsars, RRATs and FRBs I: System description and overview

We describe the ongoing `Survey for Magnetars, Intermittent pulsars, Rotating radio transients and Fast radio bursts' (SMIRF), performed using the newly refurbished UTMOST telescope. SMIRF repeatedly sweeps the southern Galactic plane performing real-time periodicity and single-pulse searches, and is the first survey of its kind carried out with an interferometer. SMIRF is facilitated by a robotic scheduler which is capable of fully autonomous commensal operations. We report on the SMIRF observational parameters, the data analysis methods, the survey's sensitivities to pulsars, techniques to mitigate radio frequency interference and present some early survey results. UTMOST's wide field of view permits a full sweep of the Galactic plane to be performed every fortnight, two orders of magnitude faster than previous surveys. In the six months of operations from January to June 2018, we have performed $\sim 10$ sweeps of the Galactic plane with SMIRF. Notable blind re-detections include the magnetar PSR J1622$-$4950, the RRAT PSR J0941$-$3942 and the eclipsing pulsar PSR J1748$-$2446A. We also report the discovery of a new pulsar, PSR J1705$-$54. Our follow-up of this pulsar with the UTMOST and Parkes telescopes at an average flux limit of $\leq 20$ mJy and $\leq 0.16$ mJy respectively, categorizes this as an intermittent pulsar with a high nulling fraction of $< 0.002$Comment: Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcom