Przydatność ultrasonografii w diagnostyce i monitorowaniu leczenia ostrych chorób jamy brzusznej u dzieci z chorobą nowotworową

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the results of the diagnostic imaging modalities, especially ultrasonography (US) in children during the oncological therapy with the acute abdominal symptoms. Acute abdominal symptoms in children with neoplasms causing a very difficult clinical and diagnostic problems and can occure in any stage of disease. Materials/Methods: We analyzed 249 ultrasounds examinations of the abdominal cavity in 144 girls and 105 boys aged from 1 to 18 years (mean age 1o, 3 years). The more important indication for the US exam in 133 cases was acute abdominal symptoms. We took exams during pre- and postoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy and after the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. All the patients were under routine hematological control. Based on the clinical symptoms and the laboratory tests we analysed two groups of children with oncological disease and acute abdomen: I group-111 children with neutropenia, II group-22 children without neutropenia. In the patients who underwent operation procedure the final diagnosis was established on histopathology. In the other cases diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory and radiological exams, especially ultrasonography. We analyzed clinical picture of disease, the results of therapy and the US changes in examed patients using statistic parameters as: sensitivity, specificity and efficiency. Results: In the group of 133 children with acute abdominal symptoms the most (92- 69,1%) patients suffer from ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 16(12%) - from AML (acute lympoblastic leukaemia), Ewing sarcoma-3(2,2%), osteosarcoma-3(2,2%), NHL-8(6,0%), HL-4(3%), nephroblastoma-4(3%), neuroblastoma- 3( 2,2%). Acute abdominal symptoms can have a very different etiology: bacterial, mycotic and virusal infections or continious infiltration of gastrointestinal tract by tumor. Clinical symptoms of the acute abdominal diseases are very severe, because the oncological patients usually have immunologic deficiency and oblige us to proper clinical observation or to operation procedure, very often as an emergency. The symptoms appeard in the different time of course of oncological diseases. Nonspecific gastrointestinal inflammation with haemorrhage and typhlitis were the main cause of the acute abdominal pain in 71 children with neutropenia during therapy of leucaemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The accuracy of ultrasound findings verified intraoperatively and by histopathologic examinations was 84%. In all cases the morphological changes were directly related to the signs and symptoms duration. Conclusions: The high-resolution ultrasound has a very important role in diagnosis in all patients with acute abdominal pain and with neoplasms. The authors consider that the US should be the first imaging method in the differential diagnosis of the abdominal changes in children with neutropenia and oncological disease. Proper diagnosis should be established only with clinical information

The Camaldolese monks and patriotic and religious celebrations in Warsaw Bielany during eighteenth and nineteenth century

Kim byli kameduli – tak ściśle związani z Kościołem i narodem polskim. Jaka jest ich rola w kształtowaniu patriotyzmu i religijności. Czemu zaborcy Polski tak intensywnie walczyli z zakonem eremitów, który na pozór przez swoje zamknięcie wydawał się niegroźny. W końcu czemu przy tak ścisłej obserwacji i oderwania od świata to właśnie przy ermitorium na warszawskich Bielanach odbywały się huczne zabawy i imprezy gromadzące całą niemal Warszawę. Na te pytania stara się odpowiedzieć niniejsza praca. Choć z konieczności krótka, przedstawia najpierw rys zakonu Ojców Kamedułów. To bracia założeni przez św. Romualda w X wieku. Mimo bardzo ścisłej Reguły, wymagającej stałej rezydencji w klasztorze, milczenia, ubogich posiłków, ilościowo zakon bardzo szybko się rozrastał. Jednym z licznie powstających klasztorów było założenie na Górze Polkowej na warszawskich Bielanach. Tu zakonnicy zaproszeni i uposażeni przez króla Władysława IV osiedli w XVII wieku. Praca nad budową i wykończeniem eremów i kościoła trwały przez cały wiek XVII i XVIII. Mieli jednak zakonnicy licznych darczyńców i możnych protektorów. Należeli do nich m.in. polscy królowie – wspomniany Władysław IV, Jan Kazimierz, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki czy Jan III Sobieski. W XIX wieku w ermitorium warszawskim rezyduje wikariusz generalny zakonu, któremu jurysdykcyjnie podlegają wszystkie domy kamedulskie w Polsce. Niestety sytuacja wspólnoty ściśle jest powiązana z trudną, a właściwie tragiczną historią całej Polski, która to od świetności i wiktorii wiedeńskiej bardzo szyb-ko popada w coraz większe uzależnienie od sąsiadów, by w końcu zostać po-dzielona między Rosję, Prusy i Austrię. Czas zmagań o niepodległość, insurekcja kościuszkowska i powstania nie omijają warszawskich Bielan. Mimo, że oddalone od miasta, przez walczących o niepodległość są traktowane jako miejsce pewnego odpoczynku, a także gdy potrzeba, ukrycia się przed ścigającymi. Z tego powodu zaborcy, szczególnie po III rozbiorze Polski, jako priorytet postawili sobie zniszczenie tego miejsca o którym wiedzieli, że pomagało powstańcom. Zakazano, by funkcjonował nowicjat, a część ojców wywieziono na Syberię. Dzieje klasztoru Ojców Kamedułów w założeniu na Górze Polkowej skończyły się w 1904 roku kiedy to ostatni trzej ojcowie zostali przewiezieni do Nowego Miasta. Może więc dziwić, że Ojcowie Kameduli tak ochoczo przyjmowali w okolice swego ermitorium huczne zabawy związane najpierw z odpustem, a w późniejszych latach częste piknikowanie i świętowanie różnych patriotycznych rocznic. Tradycja religijno-kulturalnych uroczystości narodziła się już w XVII wieku. Król Władysław IV wystarał się u papieża o odpust na Zesłanie Ducha Świętego. W 1673 r – 19 czerwca z udziałem króla i szlachty z kolegiaty św. Jana Chrzciciela przeniesiono obraz św. Brunona Bonifacego. Od tego czasu odpusty na Bielanach nabierają charakteru religijno-patriotycznego. Szczególnie podczas zaborów warszawiacy niemal za obowiązek poczytywali sobie przybyć i brać udział w kamedulskich uroczystościach mimo, że były niemile widziane przez władze zaborcze. Stara tradycja świętowania w dzień Zielonych Świątek trwa po dziś dzień. Również teraz corocznie odbywa się procesja z obrazem św. Brunona Bonifacego i w dzień Zesłania Ducha Świętego las rozbrzmiewa zabawami i śpiewem, a wielu warszawiaków z ochotą przyjeżdża na to szczególne bielańskie święto.Who were the Camaldolese monks – so closely associated with the Church and the Polish nation? What is their role in the development of patriotism and religion? Why have the Polish invaders so vigorously fought against the order of hermits who by their apparent closure seemed harmless. Finally, why at such close observation and detachment from the outside world, did the ermitorium in Bielany held boisterous dances and festivities bringing together many people of Warsaw. These questions are to be answered by this paper. Although short by necessity, it will at first present the characteristics of the Camaldolese order. They are brothers founded by St. Romuald in the tenth century. Despite of the very strict Rule, requiring permanent residence in the monastery, strict silence and poor food the quantity of the brothers in the order very quickly grew. At the time of rapid establishment of many new monasteries, the Polkowa Gora monastery in Bielany was also founded. Here in the seventeenth century the monks settled being previously invited and equipped by King Wladyslaw IV. The process of building and finishing of the hermitages and the church continued throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth century. However, they had numerous religious donors and powerful protectors. These include, among others, Polish kings – already mentioned Wladyslaw IV, John Casimir, Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki and John III Sobieski. In the nineteenth century in the Warsaw ermitorium the Vicar General of the Order resides being in charge of all the order houses in Poland. Unfortunately, the situation of the community is closely linked to the difficult and in fact tragic history of Poland, which was the glory and the victory of Vienna resulting in falling into a growing dependence of the neighbor countries and finally being divided between Russia, Prussia and Austria. The time of struggle for independence, Kosciuszko Insurrection and uprisings do not avoid Bielany. Although located far from the city, for the struggling for independence Bielany were regarded as a place of rest, and a hideout from pursuers. For this reason, the invaders, especially after the third partition of Poland, as a priority decided to destroy the place that they knew helped the uprisers. The existence of novitiate was forbidden and some of the fathers were deported to Siberia. The history of Camaldolese monastery on Polkowa Gora has come to an end in 1904 when the last three fathers were transported to the New Town. It can, therefore, surprise that the fathers of Camaldolese monks so readily accepted by their ermitorium boisterous fun events, firstly associated with indulgence, and in later years with frequent picnics and celebration of various patriotic anniversaries. The tradition of religious and cultural celebrations originated as early as the seventeenth century. King Wladysław IV managed to obtain from the Pope the Pentecost indulgence. In June 19, 1673 with the involvement of the king and the nobility of the St. John the Baptist Collegiate Church the image of St. Bruno Boniface was relocated. Since that time indulgences in Bielany contain religious and patriotic character. Especially during the partitions period in the history, people of Warsaw thought as their obligation to come and take part in the Camaldolese celebrations, even though they were not welcomed by the partitioning powers. The old tradition of celebrating the Pentecost continues to this day. That is why every year there is a procession with the image of St. Bruno Boniface. During the celebration of Pentecost the surrounding forest is always filled with sounds of joyful games and songs bringing together people of Warsaw

Selection of the Technological Ceramic Layer Thickness in an HPDC Machine Plunger in the Aspect of its Strength

A way of selecting the ceramic coating thickness concerning the axially symmetrical thermal stresses in a casting machine plunger with a horizontal shot sleeve was discussed. Application of a technological ceramic outer layer in the plunger enhances its tribological properties. The condition that stresses in tension in the outer ceramic layer are lower than the tensile strength was proposed as a selection criterion

Learning Decision Trees from Data Streams with Concept Drift

AbstractThis paper addresses a data mining task of classifying data stream with concept drift. The proposed algorithm, named Concept-adapting Evolutionary Algorithm For Decision Tree does not require any knowledge of the environment such as numbers and rates of drifts. The novelty of the approach is combining tree learner and evolutionary algorithm, where the decision tree is learned incrementally and all information is stored in an internal structure of the trees’ population. The proposed algorithm is experimentally compared with state-of-the-art stream methods on several real live and synthetic datasets. Results indicate its high performance in term of accuracy and processing time

Analysis of Mechanical and Thermal Stresses in a Pressure Casting Machine Plunger

The study discusses the thermo‑mechanical stress distribution in the plunger of a cold chamber casting machine with a horizontal casting chamber in the stationary aspect. The main stresses as well as the reduced stresses were determined for four different strength hypotheses, two of which took into account different acceptable maximal tensile and compressive stresses. For comparative purposes, the calculations were performed for three different construction materials used for cold chamber pressure machine plungers: grey pearlitic cast iron, high silicon bronze and beryllium bronze, as well as one more type of bronze, which has not been used for plungers so far, i.e. aluminium‑iron‑nickel bronze, constituting the initial alloy for the newly‑developed complex bronzes with high wear resistance and elevated strength

Mechanical and Thermal Stresses in an HPDC Machine Plunger During the Dosing and Filling Process

Distributions of mechanical and thermal stresses in a plunger of the high pressure die casting machine with a horizontal shot sleeve have been considered for a flat thermal stationary problem. An axial pressure of the plunger pressing in the technological process has been accounted for as well. Principal and equivalent stresses have been determined within two different hypotheses on the strength of materials, including one theory covering various allowable stresses in tension and compression. Four plunger material variants have been analysed