Solar Wind Turbulence and the Role of Ion Instabilities

International audienc

Genetic instability and anti-HPV immune response as drivers of infertility associated with HPV infection

Funding Information: RFBR grant 17–54-30002, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075–15–2019-1660) to Olga Smirnova. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection common among men and women of reproductive age worldwide. HPV viruses are associated with epithelial lesions and cancers. HPV infections have been shown to be significantly associated with many adverse effects in reproductive function. Infection with HPVs, specifically of high-oncogenic risk types (HR HPVs), affects different stages of human reproduction, resulting in a series of adverse outcomes: 1) reduction of male fertility (male infertility), characterized by qualitative and quantitative semen alterations; 2) impairment of couple fertility with increase of blastocyst apoptosis and reduction of endometrial implantation of trophoblastic cells; 3) defects of embryos and fetal development, with increase of spontaneous abortion and spontaneous preterm birth. The actual molecular mechanism(s) by which HPV infection is involved remain unclear. HPV-associated infertility as Janus, has two faces: one reflecting anti-HPV immunity, and the other, direct pathogenic effects of HPVs, specifically, of HR HPVs on the infected/HPV-replicating cells. Adverse effects observed for HR HPVs differ depending on the genotype of infecting virus, reflecting differential response of the host immune system as well as functional differences between HPVs and their individual proteins/antigens, including their ability to induce genetic instability/DNA damage. Review summarizes HPV involvement in all reproductive stages, evaluate the adverse role(s) played by HPVs, and identifies mechanisms of viral pathogenicity, common as well as specific for each stage of the reproduction process.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase in patients with aplastic anemia

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been detected in patients with an aplastic anemia (AA)-like syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantation. METHODS: We analyzed sera of 53 bona fide AA patients before and after treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) or bone marrow transplantation for the presence of anti-CA antibodies. RESULTS: Anti-CA antibodies were detected in 20 patients (38%) and were associated with older age at diagnosis of AA. Antibody-positive patients showed poor response to ATG treatment (complete response 14%) and inferior long-term survival (36% at 10 years), when compared to antibody-negative patients (complete response and 10-year survival both 64%). Two thirds of patients with antibodies at diagnosis of AA became antibody negative after treatment with ATG. Clearance of the antibody did not appear to be associated with hematological improvement. CONCLUSION: Antibodies against CA are detected frequently at diagnosis of AA, and their presence identifies a subset of patients with poor response to immunosuppressive treatment

Overlap of epitopes recognized by anti-carbonic anhydrase I IgG in patients with malignancy-related aplastic anemia-like syndrome and in patients with aplastic anemia

High titers of anti-carbonic anhydrase I (anti-CA I) autoantibodies were detected in the sera of patients with malignancies who developed an aplastic anemia-like (AA-like) syndrome after a high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). It was found, that the presence of these anti-CA I autoantibodies is associated with spontaneous tumor regression. The main immunodominant epitopes of carbonic anhydrase isoform I (CA I) have previously been identified using epitope extraction technique in combination with mass spectrometric detection and bioinformatic verification. Similarly, the sera of patients with bona fide aplastic anemia (AA) who poorly responded to immunosuppressive treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) demonstrated high titers of anti-CA I antibodies. In order to reveal differences between these antibodies, we applied the same methodology of epitope mapping procedure. Surprisingly, the anti-CA I antibodies from the both groups of patients compatibly recognized the same four candidate CA I epitopes--DGLAV, NVGHS, SLKPI, SSEQL. This finding may indicate common pathophysiological mechanisms in these two syndromes. However, at this moment it remains unresolved if anti-CA I antibodies are implicated in marrow or tumor suppression or are just an epi-phenomenon

Supplementary Material for: Antibodies against Carbonic Anhydrase in Patients with Aplastic Anemia

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been detected in patients with an aplastic anemia (AA)-like syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed sera of 53 bona fide AA patients before and after treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) or bone marrow transplantation for the presence of anti-CA antibodies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Anti-CA antibodies were detected in 20 patients (38%) and were associated with older age at diagnosis of AA. Antibody-positive patients showed poor response to ATG treatment (complete response 14%) and inferior long-term survival (36% at 10 years), when compared to antibody-negative patients (complete response and 10-year survival both 64%). Two thirds of patients with antibodies at diagnosis of AA became antibody negative after treatment with ATG. Clearance of the antibody did not appear to be associated with hematological improvement. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Antibodies against CA are detected frequently at diagnosis of AA, and their presence identifies a subset of patients with poor response to immunosuppressive treatment

FVIII inhibitor development according to concentrate: Data from the EUHASS registry excluding overlap with other studies

PubMed ID: 26208036[No abstract available