Morphogenesis and anatomico-physiological characteristics of reproductive organs of walnut (Juglans regia L.)

periodu od 2010. do 2013. godine u ekološkim uslovima Kraljeva proučavane su anatomske, morfološke i fiziološke osobine reproduktivnih organa kod pet sorti oraha (Šampion, Šejnovo, Gajzenhajmski 139, Gajzenhajmski 251 i Elit) i jednog spontanog sejanca. U radu je dat detaljan opis građe muških i ženskih cvetova na anatomskom i morfološkom nivou. Morfometrijska analiza resa, antera, polenovih zrna, ženskih cvetova, semenih zametaka i embrionovih kesica pokazala je da na neke morfometrijske parametre ne utiču značajno faktori spoljašnje sredine i da se oni mogu uspešno koristiti za determinaciju sorti. Procesi diferencijacije muških i ženskih cvetova, uključujući i procese formiranja muškog i ženskog gametofita, odvijali su se sukcesivno i istim redosledom kod svih ispitivanih genotipova i u svim godinama, a razlike po godinama i među genotipovima odnosile su se prvenstveno na vreme početka i dužinu trajanja pojedinih faza razvitka. U radu su definisane, detaljno opisane i fotodokumentovane karakteristične faze razvojnih procesa, a njihova dinamika prikazana je grafički za svaki genotip. Tip dihogamije ispoljio je značajan uticaj na dinamiku razvoja generativnih pupoljaka i cvetova. Između mikrofenofaza u razvitku muških i ženskih cvetova i stadijuma u formiranju spora i gameta u njima utvrđen je visok stepen podudarnosti, što omogućava da se na osnovu morfoloških promena na cvetovima prate histološke promene u sporogenim tkivima i gametofitima cvetova. Na morfološke osobine rodnog drveta (debljinu i dužinu rodnih letorasta i plodonosnih prirasta, broj nodusa i strukturu pupoljaka na grančicama i po nodusima) značajan uticaj ispoljili su genotip i faktori spoljašnje sredine. Na indukciju muških i ženskih cvasti značajno su uticali genotip, godina, razvijenost grančice i položaj pupoljka na grančici. Prisustvo ženskih cvetova ili mladih plodova na plodonosnim mladarima u nekim slučajevima imalo je negativan uticaj na indukciju novih generativnih pupoljaka na plodonosnim prirastima...Over the period of 2010-2013, under the environmental conditions of Kraljevo, the anatomical, morphological and physiological properties of reproductive organs were studied in five walnut cultivars ('Šampion', 'Sheinovo', 'Geisenheim 139', 'Geisenheim 251' and 'Elit') and one chance seedling. A detailed description of both the anatomical and the morphological structure of staminate and pistillate flowers is provided. The morphometric analysis of catkins, anthers, pollen grains, pistillate flowers, ovules and embryo sacs showed that some morphometric parameters are not significantly affected by environmental factors and that they can be successfully used for cultivar identification. The differentiation of staminate and pistillate flowers, including the formation of male and female gametophytes, occurred in successive stages following the same sequence of events in all genotypes studied and in all years, with differences across years and genotypes primarily regarding the onset time and length of particular developmental stages. Characteristic stages in the developmental processes are defined, detailed and photodocumented, and their dynamics is graphically presented for each genotype. The type of dichogamy exhibited a significant effect on the developmental dynamics of generative buds and flowers. A high degree of correspondence was determined between the microphenological phases of staminate and pistillate flowers and the stages of spore and gamete formation, which enables the observation of histological changes in sporogenous tissues and gametophytes based on changes in flower morphology. The morphological properties of the bearing wood (thickness and length of bearing shoots and bourse shoots, number of nodes, and structure of buds on the shoots and at nodes) were significantly affected by genotype and environmental factors. The induction of staminate and pistillate inflorescences was significantly affected by genotype, year, degree of shoot development and bud position on the shoot..

Dysregulation of BDNF and PI3K/Akt signaling in the brain of female Wistar-Kyoto rats exposed to chronic mild stress

Background: The neurobiology underlying depression has not yet been fully identified, but is thought to result from molecular and cellular abnormalities that interact with genetic and environmental factors. Depression is twice as prevalent in women as in men, however, females remain underrepresented in preclinical research. In addition to the neurotransmission theory of depression, the inflammatory processes and the disrupted signaling pathways also play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression. The WKY rat strain has long been established as a model of depression. These rats demonstrate an exaggerated response to stress compared to other strains. WKY strain fail to respond to chronic antidepressant treatment after exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS) and considered to be nonresponsive to antidepressant drugs. The hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are thought to be an important regions for depression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. BDNF-stimulated signaling cascades, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–/serine threonine kinase (Akt), also implicated in depression and treatment respons. In the present study, we have examined the effects of CMS on behavior and BDNF and PI3K/Akt signaling in the hippocampus and mPFC of female WKY rats. Method: In the experiment, we used three months old Wistar (WI) and WKY female rats. Animals were divided in two groups: control and animals exposed to CMS for 6 weeks. On the last day of stress procedure, animals were tested in elevated plus maze to determine the levels of anxiety. Animals were then sacrificed and hippocampus and mPFC were isolated. Levels of BDNF and pAkt were determined by Western blot method. Data were analyzed using the two way ANOVA and Tuckey’s post-hoc test. Results: WKY rats showed significantly decreased number of rearings (by 70%, p<0.01),decreased number of total arm entries (by 21%, p<0.05) and the time spent in the open arms (by 73%, p<0.001) of the elevated plus-maze compared to WI control group. WKY females had a significantly lower level of BDNF in the hippocampus (by 12%, p<0.05) and mPFC (by 16%, p<0.05) and pAkt (by 14%, p<0.01) only in mPFC as compared to the WI female rats. Exposure of WKY females to CMS enhanced an anxiety-like behavior and hypolomotion (decrease in number of rearings by 31%, p<0.05, number of total arm entries by 89%, p<0.001, and timevspent in the open arms by 92%, p<0.001), further down-expression of BDNF in both brain areas (in PFC: by 15%, p<0.001; in hippocampus: by 7%, p<0.05) and Akt phosphorylation in the mPFC (by 17%, p<0.05) as well as a decreased pAkt in the hippocampus (by 36%, p<0.001). Conclusions: The difference in the balance of BDNF and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways may be relevant to the resistance of WKY rats to antidepressant drug treatment and may be useful for developing new targets for depression treatment, especially in females.Abstracts of the 36th ECNP Congress 202

Quantification of radioisotopic pollution of soil from coal fired power plant surrounding

This paper is focused on determination of activity concentration of gamma emitters in surface layer of soil, in surrounding of the coal-fired power plant complex. Also, the impact of coal-fired power plant emissions on certain of physical and chemical properties of the soil was studied. The results of this study indicated that the operation of the power plant has no significant negative impact on the environment in terms of the content of radionuclides. The effect of the coal-fired power plant emissions on soil is a function of the pollutant gradient existing in the area. The increased soil acidity can adversely affect the microbiological and pedogenetic processes in soil which cause cation-anion imbalance and microbe population reduction to affect soil fertility. © 2020, Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved

Celiac disease-specific and inflammatory bowel disease-related antibodies in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

The etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains unknown. RAS can be presented as primary, idiopathic condition and as a secondary RAS, which is associated with a systemic disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence and concentrations of antibodies specific for celiac disease (CeD) and antibodies related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in patients with RAS without gastrointestinal symptoms. Antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG), deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP), deaminated gliadinanalogous fragments (anti-GAF-3X) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) were determined by ELISA and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) by indirect immunoflurescence (IIF) in 57 patients with RAS and 60 control subjects. The prevalence of CeD specific antibodies did not differ between RAS patients and controls. However, the concentrations of IgA anti-tTG, IgA anti-GAF-3X antibodies in patients with RAS were significantly higher compared to controls (p = 0.002 and p = 0.04 respectively). Histological changes consistent with CeD were confirmed by duodenal biopsy in one RAS patient with highly positive IgA anti-tTG, anti-GAF-3X and anti-DGP antibodies. Higher prevalence along with higher concentrations of IgG ASCA were found in RAS patients compared to controls (p lt 0.01). Patients with positive IgG ASCA in the absence of clinical symptoms decided not to pursue any further testing. Dysfunction of oral mucosa and the exposure to various antigens might be a reason for the loss of tolerance resulting in increased production of autoantibodies. It seems likely that antibodies are markers of aberrant immune response, rather than key effectors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease

Uticaj hroničnog blagog stresa na ponašanje Wistar-Kyoto soja pacova kao animalnog modela rezistentne depresije

Brojni dokazi ukazuju da socijalna izolacija može imati dugoročne efekte na ponašanje i u odgovoru na stres. Wistar-Kyoto (WK) soj pacova se smatra dobrim animalnim modelom rezistentne depresije jer su, za razliku od Wistar (W) soja, nakon izlaganja stresu neosetljivi na terapiju antidepresivima. U ovoj studiji smo izlagali ženke WK i W soja pacova hroničnom blagom stresu (CMS) u trajanju od 6 nedelja. Kontrolne životinje su bile u grupi po 3 jedinke, dok je CMS grupa pacova bila izolovana 3 nedelje pre početka CMS procedure do kraja eksperimenta. Znaci anhedonije su tokom 6 nedelja bili procenjivani testom unosa saharoze, dok je stepen anksioznosti utvrđen testom izdignutog plus lavirinta na kraju eksperimenta. Kontrolna WK grupa je pokazivala od prve do poslednje nedelje eksperimenta smanjen unos saharoze, hipolokomociju i smanjen broj ulaza u otvorene krake u odnosu na kontrolnu W grupu, što potvrđuje da ovaj soj i u odsustvu stresa pokazuje simptome depresije i anksioznosti. Izlaganje CMS je dovelo do dodatnih razlika između sojeva u unosu saharoze. Izolacija u trajanju od 3 nedelje pre CMS dovela je kod oba soja do povećanja unosa saharoze, što može ukazati na povećanu potrebu za zadovoljstvima. Hronični blagi stres je samo kod W soja doveo do znakova anhedonije, dok su ženke WK soja i nakon 6 nedelja CMS imale povećan unos saharoze. Ovi rezultati su relevantni za razumevanje načina na koji socijalna izolacija doprinosi osetljivosti pojedinca na poremećaje povezane sa stresom tokom života.Treći kongres biologa Srbije; Septembar 21-25, Zlatibor, 2022

Chronic mild stress induces sustained-activation of p38 MAPK signaling in the female WKY rats with endogenous depression

Stress is a major precipitant of depression, the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the main structures affected by depressive disorders. Women are twice more likely to experience depression than men. The WKY rat strain has long been established as a model of depression. Initially bred from the Wistar (WI) rat as the control strain for the spontaneously hypertensive rat, WKY rats demonstrate an exaggerated stress response compared to other strains. WKY strain fails to respond to chronic antidepressant treatment after exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS) and is considered to be nonresponsive to antidepressant drugs. MAPK signaling pathway was most closely related to depression and antidepressant treatment. In the present study, we have examined the effects of CMS on behavior and p38 MAPK signaling in the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of female WKY rats. We used two very different behavioral tests: forced swim test (FST) and open field test (OFT). WKY unstressed controls exhibited increased immobility duration in the forced swim test and decreased activity in the open-field test compared to unstressed WI rats, while CMS did not further influence behavior. WKY showed increased expression of the p38 only in HPC and further exposure of WKY rats to CMS induces sustained-activation of p38 MAPK in this brain area. The present study demonstrated the brain region-specific protein signatures in the female WKY model with endogenous depression, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of depression.Poster Session: Brain Metabolism & Dietary Intervention

Radionuclides and heavy metals in soil around the coal-fired power plant "Kostolac"

Ovaj rad je fokusiran na određivanje koncentracije aktivnosti radionuklida (210Pb, 238U, 235U, 226Ra, 232Th i 40K) i koncentracije teških metala (Pb, Mn i Zn ) u površinskom sloju zemljišta okoline termoelektrane "Kostolac A". Tehnike koje su korišćene za analizu pomenutih radionuklida i teških metala su gamaspektometrija i atomska apsorpciona spektrometrija, redom. Srednje vrednosti koncentracija aktivnosti ispitanih radionuklida, izražene u Bq/kg, iznosile su: 76,7 za 210Pb; 67,2 za 238U; 4,1 za 235U; 29 za 226Ra; 50,1 za 232Th i 611 za 40K. Srednje vrednosti koncentracija teških metala, izražene u mg/kg, iznosile su: 28 za Pb; 775,4 za Mn i 105,5 za Zn. Rezultati ove studije su ukazali da rad termoelektrane nema značajan negativan uticaj na okolinu u pogledu sadržaja radionuklida i teških metala.This study is focused on determination of the activity concentration of radionuclides (210Pb, 238U, 235U, 226Ra, 232Th i 40K) and concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Mn i Zn) in surface layer of soil around coal-fired power plant "Kostolac A". The techniques used to analyze of mentioned radionuclides and heavy metals are gamma spectometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The mean values of activity concentrations of investigated radionuclides, expressed as Bq/kg, were: 76.7 for 210Pb, 67.2 for 238U, 4.1 for 235U, 29 for 226Ra, 50.1 for 232Th and 611 for 40K. The mean concentrations of heavy metals, expressed as mg/kg, were 28 for Pb, 775.4 for Mn and 105.5 for Zn. The obtained results indicated that operation of the coal fired power plant has no significant negative impact on the surrounding environment with regard to the content of investigated radionuclides and heavy metals12. Savetovanje Održivi razvoj Braničevskog okruga i energetskog kompleksa Kostolac : Maj 31., Kostolac, 2018

Disregulacija JAK2/STAT3 signalnog puta u hipokampusu pacova sa genetski predisponiranim depresivnim ponašanjem

Istraživanja iz oblasti depresivnih poremećaja su sve više usmerena ka hipotezi da su oksidativni stres i inflamatorni procesi takođe uključeni u patogenezu depresije. Signalni put koji uključuje janus kinazu 2 (JAK2) i pretvarač signala i aktivator transkripcije 3 (STAT3) je povezan sa inflamacijom, a komponente ovog puta se eksprimiraju u različitim regionima mozga, posebno u hipokampusu. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita uloga elemenata JAK2/STAT3 signalnog puta kod depresije izazvane hroničnim blagim stresom (CMS). U radu su korišćene ženke Wistar (W) i Wistar-Kyoto (WK) soja pacova. WK soj pokazuje neurondokrine promene, kao i promene u ponašanju slične depresiji, zbog čega se smatraju dobrim animalnim modelom endogene depresije. Odrasle W i WK ženke bile su izložene CMS u trajanju od 6 nedelja. Nakon ovog perioda jedinke su žrtvovane i izolovani su hipokampusi. Kvantitativna Western blot analiza naših rezultata je pokazala da je kod kontrolne WK grupe, u odnosu na kontrolnu W grupu, fosforilacija JAK2 i STAT3 u hipokampusu povećana, što ukazuje da je disregulacija ovog signalnog puta jedan od mogućih uzročnika simptoma depresije kod ovog soja. Hronični stres je dodatno povećao ekspresiju fosforilisane forme ovih proteina kod oba soja. Ova studija pružila je nove dokaze o učešću JAK2/STAT3 signalnog puta u patogenezi depresije i može nas usmeriti u nalaženju novih, efikasnijih terapija u lečenju rezistentne depresije.Treći kongres biologa Srbije; Septembar 21-25, Zlatibor, 2022

Medicinska nutritivna terapija gluten senzitivne enteropatije

Gluten sensitive enteropathy or celiac disease is clearly more prevalent than was previously thought. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is the inherited autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation of the small intestine in response to the ingestion of gluten present in cereals such as wheat, barley, and rye. Elimination of the gluten from the diet assigned as medical nutrition therapy for gluten sensitive enteropathy is the first line of the treatment for coeliac disease. Gluten-free diet is an effective treatment that can alleviate symptoms and allows reduction in small intestinal inflammation and permits mucosal healing with improved absorptive function. However, gluten free diet is very complex and claimed. Also, strict adherence and life-long maintenance to the diet is very important in the aim to prevent macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency. Except that, regular involvement of the gluten free diet is important for preventing some complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, development of a neoplasm, and the risk of additional autoimmune disorders. Although there are many attempts for developing alternatives to the gluten-free diet, it currently still remains the only effective treatment option for gluten sensitive enteropathy.Gluten senzitivna enteropatija ili celijačna bolest je danas znatno češća bolest nego što se ranije smatralo. Gluten senzitivna enteropatija je nasledna bolest koja se karakteriše inflamacijom sluznice tankog creva nastale kao imunološki odgovor na gluten iz pšenice, raži, ječma. Eliminacija glutena iz ishrane predstavlja medicinsku nutritivnu terapiju, odnosno terapiju izbora kada je ova bolest u pitanju. Dijeta bez glutena je veoma efikasna za ublažavanje simptoma bolesti, kao i za redukciju inflamacije i poboljšanja apsorptivne funkcije mukoze creva. Međutim, ovaj režim ishrane je veoma kompleksan i zahtevan. Takođe, striktno sprovođenje dijete i njeno dugoročno prihvatanje prevenira pojavu makronutritivnih i mikronutritivnih deficita. Sem toga, pravovremeno uvođenje dijete bez glutena sprečava pojavu komplikacija kao što je anemija, osteoporoza, maligne bolesti i druge autoimmune bolesti. Iako postoje mnogi pokušaji da se pronađe njena alternativa, medicinska nutritvna terapija za gluten senzitivnu enteropatiju još uvek ostaje terapija izbora u lečenju ove bolesti

Synthesis of Lutetium(III) Complex With a Polyazamacrocyclic Ligand

Radijacionо zračenje predstavlja specifičan način onkološkog lečenja, kod kojeg se antitumorski efekat postiže dejstvom jonizujućeg zračenja.Visokoenergetsko jonizujuće zračenje oštećuje genetski materijal ćelija tumorskog tkiva i tako ograničava ili onemogućuje njihovu sposobnost daljnjeg deljenja. Radioizotopi koji se koriste u lečenju u većini slučajeva grenerišu beta zračenje koje izaziva uništenje obolelih ćelija. Interesovanje za razvoj 177Lu kao radiofarmaceutika može se pripisati podobnosti njegovih nuklearnih svojstava za terapeutsku upotrebu, emisija β(-) i γ zračenja i njegovo dobro kompleksiranje sa raznim ligandima. U ovom radu je prikazana preliminarna sinteza kompleksa Lu(III) sa poliazamakrocikličnim ligandom.Radiation is a specific method of oncological treatment, in which the action of ionizing radiation achieves the antitumor effect. High-energy ionizing radiation damages the genetic material of tumor tissue cells and thus limits or disables their ability to divide further. Radioisotopes used in treatment in most cases generate beta radiation that causes the destruction of diseased cells. The interest in developing 177Lu as a radiopharmaceutical can be attributed to the suitability of its nuclear properties for therapeutic use, the emission ofβ(-) and γ radiation, and its good complexation with various ligands. This paper presents the preliminary synthesis of Lu(III) complex with a polyazamacrocyclic ligand.XXXII Simpozijum Društva za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore, 4-6. oktobar 2023; Budva, Crna GoraProceedings: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11602