Epidemiological studies to develop a regional melanoma prevention strategy

Az általános és középiskolás diákok körében végzett vizsgálat azt mutatta, hogy bár sokan használnak fényvédőkrémet, mégis a tanulók igen nagy százaléka számolt be napégésről, valamint a szolárium használat is viszonylag magasnak bizonyult mindkét korosztályú csoportban. A multinomiális regresszió analízis kimutatta, hogy a világos bőrtípussal rendelkezők, illetve a szoláriumot használók körében nagyobb eséllyel volt magas a naevus szám. A melanoma incidencia trendjét megvizsgálva azt tapasztaltuk, hogy mind az országos, mind a Hajdú-Bihar megyei standardizált incidencia a 2001 és 2014 közötti időszakban emelkedett. A 2012-2014-es időszakban nőtt a vastagabb Breslow értékkel és a III-as, illetve a már IV-es stádiumban diagnosztizált melanomák aránya. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy szükséges a prevenciós stratégiák javítása hazánkban. Egyrészt fontos lenne a primer prevenció fejlesztése érdekében az iskolaorvosok bevonása, annak érdekében, hogy a diákok és szüleik tájékozottabbak legyenek a kockázati tényezőkről, másrészt bőrgyógyászati tréningek után megfelelően rendszeresen ellenőrizhetnék a diákok bőrét. A melanoma esetében célzott populáció szintű szűrés lenne a szükségszerű és költséghatékony. A célpopuláció, azaz a 60 év felettiek szűrésében a háziorvosok hatékonyan tudnának részt venni.A study among primary and secondary school students found that although many people use sunscreen, a high percentage of students reported sunburn, and the use of solarium was also relatively high in both age groups. Multinomial regression analysis showed that those with light skin types and those using sunbeds were more likely to have high nevi numbers. Examining the trend in the incidence of melanoma, we found that both the national and Hajdú-Bihar County standardized incidence increased between 2001 and 2014. The proportion of melanomas diagnosed with higher tumour thickness and those diagnosed in Stage III and Stage IV increased in 2012-2014. Our results showed the need to improve prevention strategies in Hungary. On the one hand, it would be important to involve school physicians to improve primary prevention in order to make students and their parents more aware of the risk factors, and, on the other hand after dermatological training they will be able to appropriately and regularly check students' skin. For melanoma, targeted population-level screening would be necessary and cost-effective. General practitioners could effectively participate in screening the target population, i.e. those over the age of 60

Secukinumabbal szerzett klinikai tapasztalataink krónikus plakkos psoriasisban szenvedő betegek terápiájában

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Is the Definition of Roma an Important Matter? The Parallel Application of Self and External Classification of Ethnicity in a Population-Based Health Interview Survey

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Use of a recombinant pseudorabies virus to analyze motor cortical reorganization after unilateral facial denervation

A unilateral facial nerve injury (n7x) was found to influence the transcallosal spread of the attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV Bartha) from the affected (left) primary motor cortex (MI) to the contralateral MI of rats. We used Ba-DupLac, a recombinant PRV strain, for the tracing experiments since this virus was demonstrated to exhibit much more restricted transportation kinetics than that of PRV Bartha, and is therefore more suitable for studies of neuronal plasticity. Ba-Duplac injection primarily infected several neurons around the penetration channel, but hardly any transcallosally infected neurons were observed in the contraleral MI. In contrast, after right facial nerve injury, Ba-DupLac was transported from the primarily infected neurons in the left MI to the contralateral side, and resulted in the labeling of several neurons due to a transneuronal infection. These results reveal that a peripheral nerve injury induces changes in the Ba-DupLac infection pattern in the related cortical areas. These findings and the literature data suggest that this phenomenon may be related to the changes in the expression or to the redistribution of cell-adhesion molecules, which are known to facilitate the entrance and/or transmission of PRV into neurons

Melanoma incidencia Hajdú-Bihar megyében a 2000-2014 közötti időszakban

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Behaviour of flexible/elastic materials under quasi-static force

Elasticity and stress absorption are present in many different materials in our daily life. Understanding how materials behave under pressure (whether that is constant or dynamic), and how and when they deform can be fundamental in terms of their success or longevity. Elastic behaviour is present in many different forms in different materials, e.g.: meats or other food. Interestingly, elasticity is also a major issue in the oral cavity, when talking about healthy dental tissues, such as dentin or even special dental restorative materials. The article focuses on the general mechanical behaviour of elastic and viscoelastic materials and measurements performed on them

Rab2 is a potent new target for enhancing autophagy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Macroautophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradational pathway of eukaryotic cells, during which toxic, unnecessary, and damaged intracellular components are broken down. Autophagic activity declines with age, and this change could contribute to the accumulation of intracellular damage at advanced ages, causing cells to lose their functionality and vitality. This could be particularly problematic in post-mitotic cells include neurons, the mass destruction of which leads to different neurodegenerative diseases. We aim to discover new regulation points where autophagy could be specifically activated, and test these potential drug targets in Drosophila neurodegenerative disease models. One possible way to activate autophagy is through the enhancement of autophagosome-lysosome fusion to become autolysosome. This fusion is regulated by HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) and SNARE (Snap receptor) complexes. The HOPS complex forms a bridge between lysosome and autophagosome with the assistance of small GTPase Rab (Ras-associated binding) proteins. Thus, Rab proteins are essential for autolysosome maturation, and among Rab proteins, Rab2 is required for the degradation of autophagic cargo. Our results revealed that GTP-locked (constitutively active) Rab2 (Rab2 CA) expression reduces the levels of the autophagic substrate p62/Ref2P in dopaminergic neurons, and improved the climbing ability of animals during aging. The expression of Rab2 CA also increased lifespan in a Parkinson’s disease model (human mutant alpha-synuclein [A53T] overexpressed animals). In these animals, Rab2 CA expression significantly increased autophagic degradation as compared to control. These results may reveal a new, more specific drug target for autophagic activation treating today’s incurable neurodegenerative disease