Toxic masculinity and mental condition of young men in Poland aged 18-30

The article presents conformity to toxic masculinity in the perspective of mental condition of young men in Poland aged 18-30. The first part introduced the concept of toxic masculinity and its implications on men’s mental condition and general social functioning. The conformity to toxic masculinity has been investigated by using self-constructed questionnaire and mental condition has been tested by using DASS-21 questionnaire. The study has been conducted on group of 127 men living in Poland and the data was collected by using online methods. Research results shows very little, statistically insignificant relationship between conformity to toxic masculinity and mental condition of young men, however some differences have been observed in terms of place of living and sexual orientation when it comes to level of conformity to toic masculinity and level of mental condition.The article presents conformity to toxic masculinity in the perspective of mental condition of young men in Poland aged 18-30. The first part introduced the concept of toxic masculinity and its implications on men’s mental condition and general social functioning. The conformity to toxic masculinity has been investigated by using self-constructed questionnaire and mental condition has been tested by using DASS-21 questionnaire. The study has been conducted on group of 127 men living in Poland and the data was collected by using online methods. Research results shows very little, statistically insignificant relationship between conformity to toxic masculinity and mental condition of young men, however some differences have been observed in terms of place of living and sexual orientation when it comes to level of conformity to toic masculinity and level of mental condition

How Local Authorities are Engaged in Implementation of Projects Related to Passenger and Freight Transport in Order to Reduce Environmental Degradation in the City

AbstractThe main aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of urban projects related to passenger and freight transport undertaken by local governments on the reduction of environmental degradation. The authors have presented the survey results conducted among 36 cities with administration county rights in Poland. In addition in the paper the multidimensional comparative analysis, including correspondence analysis, has been applied. This analysis enabled different classes of cities to be obtained related to the passenger and freight transport and targeted at environmental protection projects. The study results quite clearly show that there are no standards in the measurement of urban projects’ efficiency according to their impact on environmental protection and the range of implemented projects in this field depends on the city population size

The Measurement of Expected and Perceived Service of a Municipal Transport Based on Selected Medium-Sized Cities

In the literature four basic postulates of transport are usually mentioned: time, convenience, cost and security of travel. The hierarchy of importance of individual postulates of transport depends on subjective evaluations of urban transport users. In the research carried out within the framework of research work financed from funds for science in 2010-2013 titled ‘Reference Model of City logistics and the quality of Life of Inhabitants’, measured the difference between the expected and perceived quality of urban transport services and defined a hierarchy of evaluated quality criteria. The solution to the problem with too many variables is the ossibility of using factor analysis. This analysis allows the reduction of many interrelated variable

Badanie echokardiograficzne płodu przed i po zabiegu aspiracji torbieli jajnika

Abstract The main criteria for establishing fetal ovarian cysts prognosis are their diameter and echogenicity. The choice of management in case of fetal ovarian cyst remains controversial. In the following article we have reported a case of a fetal ovarian cyst with detailed fetal echocardiography before and after prenatal aspiration. The fetus at 35 weeks of gestation presented with an ovarian cyst of 70mm in diameter and normal heart anatomy and size. However, detailed fetal echocardiography revealed functional abnormalities such as: monophasic inflow pattern of tricuspid valve, holosystolic tricuspid regurgitation and pericardial effusion. Two days after prenatal aspiration of the cyst, the functional abnormalities in fetal echocardiography receded. After prenatal aspiration we observed a residual cyst of 15mm in maximal diameter. The delivery was spontaneous at 36th week of pregnancy and the infant was discharged from Neonatology Dept on the sixth day of postnatal life. The cyst regressed spontaneously in the course of the next two months. This is the first report when detailed fetal echocardiography revealed hemodynamic improvement after prenatal aspiration of a fetal ovarian cyst which may mean that huge fetal ovarian cysts might complicate fetal heart function.Streszczenie W rokowaniu u płodów z torbielą jajnika brany jest pod uwagę rozmiar zmiany i jej echogeniczność. Jednak wybór postępowania w przypadku torbieli jajnika jest wciąż kontrowersyjny. Przedstawiliśmy przypadek płodu z torbielą jajnika poddaną prenatalnej aspiracji, u którego przed i po zabiegu wykonano badanie echokardiograficzne. W 35 tygodniu ciąży stwierdzono u płodu torbiel jajnika o średnicy 70mm, natomiast budowa i wielkość serca były prawidłowe. W badaniu echokardiograficznym stwierdzono zaburzenia czynnościowe pod postacią: monofazowego napływu przez zastawkę trójdzielną, niedomykalności zastawki trójdzielnej i wysięku w osierdziu. Dwa dni po prenatalnej aspiracji torbieli zmiany czynnościowe ustąpiły. W wykonanym dwa dni po zabiegu badaniu ultrasonograficznym opisano torbiel o średnicy 15mm. Pacjentka urodziła w 36 tygodniu ciąży, noworodka wypisano do domu w 6 dobie po porodzie. W ciągu następnych dwóch miesięcy torbiel uległa całkowitej regresji. Opisaliśmy po raz pierwszy przypadek, w którym w badaniach echokardiograficznych zarejestrowano poprawę stanu hemodynamicznego po prenatalnej aspiracji torbieli jajnika u płodu co może świadczyć o wpływie obecności dużej torbieli jajnika u płodu na funkcję jego serca

No time to waste : transcriptome study reveals that drought tolerance in barley may be attributed to stressed-like expression patterns that exist before the occurrence of stress

Plant survival in adverse environmental conditions requires a substantial change in the metabolism, which is reflected by the extensive transcriptome rebuilding upon the occurrence of the stress. Therefore, transcriptomic studies offer an insight into the mechanisms of plant stress responses. Here, we present the results of global gene expression profiling of roots and leaves of two barley genotypes with contrasting ability to cope with drought stress. Our analysis suggests that drought tolerance results from a certain level of transcription of stress-influenced genes that is present even before the onset of drought. Genes that predispose the plant to better drought survival play a role in the regulatory network of gene expression, including several transcription factors, translation regulators and structural components of ribosomes. An important group of genes is involved in signaling mechanisms, with significant contribution of hormone signaling pathways and an interplay between ABA, auxin, ethylene and brassinosteroid homeostasis. Signal transduction in a drought tolerant genotype may be more efficient through the expression of genes required for environmental sensing that are active already during normal water availability and are related to actin filaments and LIMdomain proteins, which may function as osmotic biosensors. Better survival of drought may also be attributed to more effective processes of energy generation and more efficient chloroplasts biogenesis. Interestingly, our data suggest that several genes involved in a photosynthesis process are required for the establishment of effective drought response not only in leaves, but also in roots of barley. Thus, we propose a hypothesis that root plastids may turn into the anti-oxidative centers protecting root macromolecules from oxidative damage during drought stress. Specific genes and their potential role in building upa drought-tolerant barley phenotype is extensively discussedwith special emphasis on processes that take place in barley roots. When possible, the interconnections between particular factors are emphasized to drawa broader picture of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in barle

A large-scale survey of genetic variation and genome evolution within the invasive Reynoutria complex : [streszczenie]

The taxa from the genus Reynoutria: R. japonica, R. sachalinensis, originating from Asia, and their hybrid R. ×bohemica are some of the most troublesome alien invasive species in Europe and North America, particularly dangerous to riparian ecosystems. Simultaneously, these taxa constitute a unique model system for the creation of hybrids and the initiation of evolutionary processes in an invaded range. The aim of the study was: (i) to examine the level of genetic diversity using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers in selected populations of three Reynoutria taxa from Poland, Hungary, Ukraine and Slovakia in comparison with Japan, (ii) to identify marked chromosomes in all taxa using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA sequences, and (iii) to establish genome size and ploidy level in the knotweed species using flow cytometry (FCM) (Fragment tekstu)

Cytogenetic and molecular genotyping in the allotetraploid Festuca pratensis × Lolium perenne hybrids

Background: Species of the Festuca and Lolium genera, as well as intergeneric Festuca × Lolium (Festulolium) hybrids, are valuable fodder and turf grasses for agricultural and amenity purposes worldwide. Festulolium hybrids can merge in their genomes agronomically important characteristics. However, in polyploid plants, especially in allopolyploids, the hybridization of divergent genomes could contribute to various abnormalities, such as variability in chromosome number, structural rearrangements, and/or disorders in inheritance patterns. Here we studied these issues in allotetraploid Festuca pratensis × Lolium perenne hybrids. Results: Cytogenetic procedures, including fluorescent in situ hybridization, genomic in situ hybridization, and molecular markers – inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) were exploited. This cytogenetic approach indicated the dynamics in the number and distribution of ribosomal RNA genes and structural rearrangements for both parental genomes (Festuca and Lolium) in hybrid karyotypes. The separate analysis of F. pratensis and L. perenne chromosomes in hybrid plants (F2-F3 generations of F. pratensis × L. perenne) revealed the asymmetrical level of rearrangements. Recognized structural changes were mainly located in the distal part of chromosome arms, and in chromosomes bearing ribosomal DNA, they were more frequently mapped in arms without this sequence. Based on the ISSR markers distribution, we found that the tetrasomic type of inheritance was characteristic for the majority of ISSR loci, but the disomic type was also observed. Nonetheless, no preference in the transmission of either Festuca or Lolium alleles to the following generations of allotetraploid F. pratensis × L. perenne hybrid was observed. Conclusion: Our study reports cytogenetic and molecular genotyping of the F. pratensis × L. perenne hybrid and its following F2-F3 progenies. The analysis of 137 allotetraploid F. pratensis × L. perenne hybrids revealed the higher level of recombination in chromosomes derived from F. pratensis genome. The results of ISSR markers indicated a mixed model of inheritance, which may be characteristic for these hybrids

A Survey of Genetic Variation and Genome Evolution within the Invasive Fallopia Complex

The knotweed taxa Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis and their interspecific hybrid F. x bohemica are some of the most aggressive invaders in Europe and North America and they are serious threats to native biodiversity. At the same time, they constitute a unique model system for the creation of hybrids and studies of the initiation of evolutionary processes. In the presented study, we focused on (i) examining genetic diversity in selected populations of three Fallopia taxa in the invaded (Poland) and native ranges (Japan), (ii) establishing genome size and ploidy levels and (iii) identifying ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-bearing chromosomes in all of the taxa from the invaded range. We found that the genetic diversity within particular taxa was generally low regardless of their geographical origin. A higher level of clonality was observed for the Polish populations compared to the Japanese populations. Our study suggests that the co-occurrence of F. sachalinensis together with the other two taxa in the same stand may be the source of the higher genetic variation within the F. x bohemica hybrid. Some shift towards the contribution of F. japonica alleles was also observed for selected F. x bohemica individuals, which indicates the possibility of producing more advanced generations of F. x bohemica hybrids. All of the F. sachalinensis individuals were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66; 2C = 6.01 pg), while those of F. japonica were mostly octoploid (2n = 8x = 88; 2C = 8.87 pg) and all of the F. x bohemica plants except one were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66; 2C = 6.46 pg). Within the chromosome complement of F. japonica, F. sachalinensis and F. x bohemica, the physical mapping of the rDNA loci provided markers for 16, 13 and 10 chromosomes, respectively. In F. x bohemica, a loss of some of rDNA loci was observed, which indicates the occurrence of genome changes in the hybrid

Skuteczna interwencja wewnątrzmaciczna u płodu z olbrzymią torbielą płuca w trzecim trymestrze ciąży – opis przypadku

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is a rare disorder of the respiratory system which occurs with an incidence of 1/25.000–35.000. Depending on the size of the cysts, CCAM is classified into microcystic and macrocystic. Very large lesions carry a significant risk of causing both, pulmonary hypoplasia due to compression of the lung tissue and fetal hydrops, probably due to impaired cardiac function as a result of mediastinal shift and compression of the vena cava. In this report, we present a case of a fetus with prenatally diagnosed large cyst of the left lung. Despite advanced gestational age, the baby was treated by thoracoamniotic shunting owning to developing impaired cardiac function and polyhydramion. Spectacular effects of the therapy have been achieved.Wrodzona gruczolakowatość torbielowata płuc (CCAM-Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation) jest rzadką wadą układu oddechowego występującą z częstością 1/25.000-35.000. W zależności od wielkości torbieli wyróżniono typ mikrocystyczny i makrocystyczny CCAM. Obecność dużych torbieli płuca niesie ze sobą ryzyko hipoplazji płuc z powodu ucisku wywieranego na tkankę płucną oraz obrzęku rozwijającego się w następstwie nieprawidłowej czynności serca spowodowanej przesunięciem śródpiersia i uciśnięciem żył systemowych. Przedstawiamy przypadek płodu z prenatalnie zdiagnozowaną olbrzymią torbielą płuca lewego z cechami niewydolności krążenia i wielowodziem, u którego pomimo zaawansowanego wieku ciąży podjęto terapię wewnątrzmaciczną uzyskując spektakularne efekty interwencji

Maternal hyperoxygenation test in prediction of fetal lung hypoplasia – preliminary report

Summary Objectives: The aim of our study was to present the detailed execution and interpretation of the hyperoxygenation test in the fetus. Material and methods: This was a retrospective investigation of fetuses examined in The Department for Diagnosis and Prophylaxis of Congenital Malformations (Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Institute and Medical University in Lodz) between January 2006 and December 2009, in whom in addition to the routine echocardiographic examination the hyperoxygenation test was performed. Indications for such an extended evaluation were suspected fetal malformations and pulmonary hypoplasia. Changes in the fetal pulmonary circulation before and after maternal exposure to hyperoxygenated air together with the newborn follow-up were analyzed. Results: Clinical outcome was available for 42 of 52 cases: 16 patients died (including 11 cases with negative hyperoxygenation test), whereas 24 patients were discharged home (including 17 cases with positive hyperoxygenation test). The probability of survival for fetuses with the positive test was significantly higher than for fetuses with the negative one (p=0.016, Fischer’s exact test). Conclusions: Based on changes evoked in the fetal pulmonary circulation, the hyperoxygenation test seems helpful in predicting impaired fetal lung development Functional assessment of the fetal pulmonary circulation may be useful in predicting fetal lung hypoplasia and respiratory failure in the neonate