Dexamethasone Bridging Versus the Hydrocortisone Standard

A concern for anesthesia providers is the risk of perioperative shock due to secondary adrenal insufficiency in patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy who do not receive supplemental stress steroid coverage for surgery. Dexamethasone is currently used by anesthesia providers as a perioperative anti-inflammatory agent and as an antiemetic adjunct. Hydrocortisone is currently the most commonly used drug for bridging patients who have previously received long tem1 glucocorticoid therapy. The increased potency, duration of action, and antiemetic properties of dexamethasone may make it a desirable substitution for hydrocortisone . The purpose of this independent project was to review the current literature investigating whether the substitution of dexamethasone for the hydrocortisone standard would reduce the need for re-dosing of glucocorticoids. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using PubMed and CINAHL databases. Current research findings on the topic of interest and related topics were reviewed. Relevant articles were reviewed along with their reference sections. Even though dexamethasone has many desirable properties, further research is needed for practitioners to safely bridge patients with dexamethasone. Many pharmacologic properties of dexamethasone have been identified to date, and the current use of the drug is ever changing as new studies confirm increasing beneficial effects. Anesthesia providers can take the pharmacologic properties of dexamethasone into consideration when formulating an anesthetic plan. Some properties may make it an attractive alternative to hydrocortisone and it may reduce the need for redosing of glucocorticoi

Les antécédents de la réponse empathique : le cas des publicités sociales antidiscrimination

À l’heure actuelle, la discrimination ethnique cause une variété de malaises dans différentes sphères de la vie sociale. Dans le contexte de lutte contre les préjugés et la discrimination ethniques, il existe un éventail de techniques et de méthodes qui s’attaquent à ces phénomènes. Parmi celles-ci, la publicité sociale – l’outil communicationnel du marketing social – est celle qui a retenu notre intérêt. Par ailleurs, les recherches relatives à la lutte contre la discrimination et à l’amélioration des relations intergroupes mettent en exergue que l’empathie non seulement peut atténuer la discrimination, mais qu’elle permet d’harmoniser, de manière durable, les relations intergroupes. Nonobstant, dans le contexte de réception des publicités sociales anti-discrimination, les antécédents pouvant déclencher l’empathie n’ont jamais été étudiés. Dans le but de pallier cette lacune empirique, la présente thèse par articles se penche précisément sur les antécédents de la réponse empathique dans le contexte de réception des publicités sociales antidiscrimination. Plus précisément, elle vise à approfondir les connaissances et la compréhension sur les antécédents propres à l’individu (p. ex. : l’empathie dispositionnelle et le sexe) et inhérents à la production publicitaire (p. ex. : le ton publicitaire et le format médiatique) qui peuvent favoriser l’émergence du processus d’empathisation. Dans l’article intitulé The interplay of trait-related antecedents and state empathy: Empathic responding to anti-discrimination public service announcements, nous examinons les antécédents de la réponse empathique (cognitive et affective) inhérents à l’individu (c.-à-d. l’empathie dispositionnelle et le sexe). L’association entre les antécédents individuels a été examinée par une série d’analyses de régression multiple pour chacune des dimensions de l’empathie (affective et cognitive) et le score global d’empathie. L’article Emotion framing and empathy in anti-discrimination public service announcements, quant à lui, s’intéresse aux antécédents inhérents à la production publicitaire et, à cet effet, examine les effets du cadrage des émotions (c.-à-d. le ton publicitaire) et du format de la publicité (c.-à-d. publicité audiovisuelle ou affiche) sur l’intensité des réponses empathiques aux messages anti-discrimination. Nous avons effectué une analyse de variance par modèle mixte (ANOVA) pour examiner les différences entre les 16 publicités sociales anti-discrimination et pour tenir compte des mesures répétées pour chaque participant – les participants et les publicités étant les effets aléatoires. iii Enfin, l’article How to foster empathy in anti-discrimination initiatives? An implication for social interventions - A qualitative approach se penche également sur les antécédents intrinsèques à la production publicitaire, mais cette fois-ci de manière qualitative en permettant de faire émerger les antécédents inconnus. Nous avons effectué un codage mixte des données et nous avons analysé les entretiens selon les principes de l’analyse thématique. La thèse fournit un apport tant aux chercheurs qu’aux praticiens intéressés par l’intervention en contexte intergroupe, mettant en lumière la pertinence de s’y intéresser de même que les manières de susciter de l’empathie envers les membres des groupes discriminés.Ethnic discrimination causes a variety of problems on the individual as well as the societal levels. Thereis a myriad of techniques and methods used to tackle discrimination. Of particular interest here arepublic service announcements (PSAs) – which are part of a broader field of social marketing. Researchon the fight against discrimination and improving intergroup relations highlights the fact that empathynot only considerably reduces discrimination, but has a lasting effect on intergroup relations. However,in the anti-discrimination media reception context, antecedents of empathic responding have neverbeen studied before. To address this shortcoming, in this thesis we focus on the antecedents ofempathic responding in this particular context. More precisely, our aim was to explore and deepen theknowledge on trait-related antecedents (i.e. trait empathy and gender) and stimuli-related antecedents(i.e. emotion framing and the media format).In the article entitled The interplay of trait-related antecedents and state empathy: Empathic respondingto anti-discrimination public service announcements we examine trait-related (i.e. trait empathy andgender) antecedents of state empathy (affective and cognitive). The association between theantecedents of empathy (gender and trait empathy) was examined using a series of multiple regressionanalyses for each of the dimensions and the global score of empathy.In the study presented in the article Emotion framing and empathy in anti-discrimination public serviceannouncements, we investigated the effects of emotion framing (i.e. advertising tone) and the mediaformat (i.e. dynamic or static) on the intensity of the empathic responses to anti-discrimination PSAs.We performed a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the differences between the16 anti-discrimination PSAs and to account for repeated measures for each participant - bothparticipants and PSAs being the random effects.Finally, in the article How to foster empathy in anti-discrimination initiatives? An implication for socialinterventions - A qualitative approach, we sought to qualitatively examine stimuli-related antecedents,and allow space for unknown antecedents of empathic responding to emerge. We transcribed the audiorecordings and analyzed data with NVivo software using an iterative process of thematic analysis.This thesis provides a significant contribution for both researchers and practitioners interested ininterventions in an intergroup context. On the one hand, results from the current study highlight the vrelevance of investigating empathy in an intergroup context and, on the other, they emphasize theimportance of investigating ways of arousing empathy toward discriminated groups

Numerical implementation of the exact dynamics of free rigid bodies

In this paper the exact analytical solution of the motion of a rigid body with arbitrary mass distribution is derived in the absence of forces or torques. The resulting expressions are cast into a form where the dependence of the motion on initial conditions is explicit and the equations governing the orientation of the body involve only real numbers. Based on these results, an efficient method to calculate the location and orientation of the rigid body at arbitrary times is presented. This implementation can be used to verify the accuracy of numerical integration schemes for rigid bodies, to serve as a building block for event-driven discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations of general rigid bodies, and for constructing symplectic integrators for rigid body dynamics.Comment: Shortened paper with updated references, 28 pages, 3 figure

Clostridium difficile genotypes other than ribotype 078 that are prevalent among human, animal and environmental isolates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Characterising the overlap of <it>C. difficile </it>genotypes in different reservoirs can improve our understanding of possible transmission routes of this pathogen. Most of the studies have focused on a comparison of the PCR ribotype 078 isolated from humans and animals. Here we describe for the first time a comparison of <it>C. difficile </it>genotypes isolated during longer time intervals from different sources including humans, animals and the non-hospital environment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Altogether 786 isolates from time interval 2008-2010 were grouped into 90 PCR ribotypes and eleven of them were shared among all host types and the environment. Ribotypes that were most common in humans were also present in water and different animals (014/020, 002, 029). Interestingly, non-toxigenic isolates were very common in the environment (30.8%) in comparison to humans (6.5%) and animals (7.7%). A high degree of similarity was observed for human and animal isolates with PFGE. In human isolates resistance to erithromycin, clindamycin and moxifloxacin was detected, while all animal isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results show that many other types in addition to PCR Ribotype 078 are shared between humans and animals and that the most prevalent genotypes in humans have the ability to survive also in the environment and several animal hosts. The genetic relatedness observed with PFGE suggests that transmission of given genotype from one reservoir to the other is likely to occur.</p

Surface chemical changes of sugar maple wood induced by thermo-hygromechanical (THM) treatment

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat and steam on the chemical properties of thermo-hygromechanical (THM)-densified sugar maple wood. The THM densification process was performed at two different temperatures (180 C and 200 C) with and without steam. The functional groups, surface chemical composition and internal structure and components of the control and densified samples were investigated using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The obtained results suggest that the THM densification treatment resulted in significant chemical changes on the wood surface. The results of the ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the decomposition of hemicelluloses and the relative increase of cellulose and lignin contents on the wood surface. The Py-GC/MS and XPS results show an increase of the oxygen/carbon atomic (O/C) ratio, which indicated that chemical substances containing oxygenated functionality were formed through the densification process. The densification treatment favored the depolymerization of hemicelluloses and cellulose as indicated by an increased anhydrous sugar (levoglucosan) release during the pyrolysis process. Densification also facilitated the cleavage of the lignin side chains, resulting in increased phenyl units with short chains released during the pyrolysis process

Dielectric Resonator Method for Measuring the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes from Microwave to Millimeter Frequencies

We describe a dielectric resonator-based measurement method for determining the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes at microwave to millimeter frequencies. This measurement method is not limited by the metal conductor contact resistances or impedance mismatch commonly encountered in the measurement of single nanotubes. The measurement of carbon nanotubes yielded conductivities of approximately 0.08×107 S/m

Chemical changes induced in Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus nitens following the densification process

Densification of wood leads to improvement of its mechanical properties. Specimens of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus nitens wood were densified using heat, steam, and pressure to improve their mechanical properties and thus enhance their utilization. At a maximum steam pressure of 550 kPa and a maximum press hydraulic pressure ranging from 4.5 to 9 MPa, selected temperatures of 160°C, 180°C, and 200°C were used to check the mechanical properties and to identify the chemical composition of wood samples before and after densification. Densified wood samples showed markedly reduced hygroscopicity. The chemical changes in the wood constituents occurring during densification were characterized using FT-IR, Py-GC/MS, and XPS. According to the densification process between pine and eucalyptus, the results obtained showed that the densification effects were better for Eucalyptus nitens than for Pinus radiata. The FT-IR analysis revealed a high condensation index for pine lignin and the low condensation index for eucalyptus lignin, indicating easier formation of C-C linkages by densification in pine lignin. Py-GC/MS analyses were performed to follow the lignin/carbohydrate ratio, and these revealed major carbohydrate losses during densification at the highest temperature

ProBiS: a web server for detection of structurally similar protein binding sites

A web server, ProBiS, freely available at http://probis.cmm.ki.si, is presented. This provides access to the program ProBiS (Protein Binding Sites), which detects protein binding sites based on local structural alignments. Detailed instructions and user guidelines for use of ProBiS are available at the server under ‘HELP’ and selected examples are provided under ‘EXAMPLES’

Experimental Test of a Two-dimensional Approximation for Dielectric Microcavities

Open dielectric resonators of different shapes are widely used for the manufacture of microlasers. A precise determination of their resonance frequencies and widths is crucial for their design. Most microlasers have a flat cylindrical geometry, and a two-dimensional approximation, the so-called method of the effective index of refraction, is commonly employed for numerical calculations. Our aim has been an experimental test of the precision and applicability of a model based on this approximation. We performed very thorough and accurate measurements of the resonance frequencies and widths of two passive circular dielectric microwave resonators and found significant deviations from the model predictions. From this we conclude that the model generally fails in the quantitative description of three-dimensional dielectric resonators.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figure

Full-wave analysis of dielectric-loaded cylindrical waveguides and cavities using a new four-port ring network

“© 2012 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”In this paper, a full-wave method for the electromagnetic analysis of dielectric-loaded cylindrical and coaxial waveguides and cavities is developed. For this purpose, a new four-port ring network is proposed, and the mode-matching method is applied to calculate the generalized admittance matrix of this new structure. A number of analyses on dielectric-loaded waveguide structures and cavities have been conducted in order to validate and to assess the accuracy of the new approach. The results have been compared with theoretical values, numerical modeling from the literature, and data from commercial electromagnetic simulators. The method has been also applied to the accurate determination of dielectric properties, and we provide an example of these measurements as another way to validate this new method. © 1963-2012 IEEE.This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Project MONIDIEL (TEC2008-04109). The work of F. L. Penarada-Foix was supported by the Conselleria de Educacion of the Generalitat Valenciana for economic support (BEST/2010/210).Penaranda-Foix, FL.; Janezic, MD.; Catalá Civera, JM.; Canós Marín, AJ. (2012). Full-wave analysis of dielectric-loaded cylindrical waveguides and cavities using a new four-port ring network. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 60(9):2730-2740. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2206048S2730274060