A Profile Analysis of the SCL-90-R for Aggressive and Nonaggressive Adolescents with Conduct Disorder : a Comparison of Aggression and Nonaggression in Relationship to Psychoticism and Depression, Hostility and Anxiety

Problem. Dissatisfaction with the DSM-III classification of conduct disorder has led the editors of the DSM-III-R to group the socialized and undersocialized, aggressive and the undersocialized, nonaggressive conduct-disorderd youth together in the same category (Solitary Aggressive Type). However, the symptoms and behavior of aggressive and nonaggressive youth are so diverse, they should be placed in totally separate categories. The implications of misdiagnosis are serious for rehabilitation and treatment. Method. One hundred-thirty male adolescents labeled aggressive and nonaggressive conduct-disordered were administered the SCL-90-R. The Chi-square test determined what percentage in each group scored at the 70th percentile or above in the category of Psychoticism. The t-test determined if there was a significant difference between the two groups in the categories of Depression, Hostility, Anxiety, and on the Global Severity Index. Stepwise and best subsets regression determined a model for predicting conduct disorder. The correlation between each of the 10 items and the total scores in the two categories that made up the model was examined. Results. Psychoticism and Obsessive-Compulsive made up the model for predicting conduct disorder. While 83.9% of the aggressive group scored at the 70th percentile or above in the category of Psychoticism, only 17.6% of the nonaggressive group scored that high. The t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups in the categories of Depression, Hostility, Anxiety, and on the Global Severity Index. Conclusions. The results of the SCL-90-R indicate that aggressive and nonaggressive conduct-disordered youth are so diverse in frequency and intensity of symptoms, they should not be placed in the same diagnostic category, and treatment must vary to prevent recidivism

The State of Health Insurance in California: Findings from the 2005 California Health Interview Survey

Finds that eight in ten of the state's uninsured are employed, and that job-based health insurance coverage in California continues to decline

An Exploration of the interactions between disability and exercise.

Regular exercise has been identified as being important to an individual's social, physical and psychological well being (Dishman, 1994). Yet very few people exercise to levels sufficient to accrue these benefits. Researchers have begun to develop an understanding of why some people exercise whilst others do not, but much of this research has focused upon non-disabled people, whilst very little is known about disabled people. This research sought to investigate the 'Interactions between Disability and Exercise'. The main aims of this investigation were to first examine the exercise intentions of disabled individual's (wheelchair users) using the Social Model ofDisability (Oliver, 1996), to act as a framework. Secondly, to determine the factors, which underpin intentions to exercise, attitude toward exercise, influence of significant others, choices and self-determination. Critical Social Research (Harvey, 1990), is the process which, is adopted throughout the research in order to examine underpinning factors, which could influence a disabled person's decision whether or not to participate in exercIse

Meeting Expanding Needs to Collect Food Intake Specificity: The Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R)

Food and nutrient databases are populated with data obtained from a variety of sources including USDA Reference Tables, scientific journals, food manufacturers and foreign food tables. The food and nutrient database maintained by the Nutrition Coordinating Center (NCC) at the University of Minnesota is continually updated with current nutrient data and continues to be expanded with additional nutrient fields to meet diverse research endeavors. Data are strictly evaluated for reliability and relevance before incorporation into the database; however, the values are obtained from various sources and food samples rather than from direct chemical analysis of specific foods. Precise nutrient values for specific foods are essential to the nutrition program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Specific foods to be included in the menus of astronauts are chemically analyzed at the Johnson Space Center for selected nutrients. A request from NASA for a method to enter the chemically analyzed nutrient values for these space flight food items into the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R) software resulted in modification of the database and interview system for use by NASA, with further modification to extend the method for related uses by more typical research studies

Mothers' spanking of 3-year-old children and subsequent risk of children's aggressive behavior

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine the association between the use of corporal punishment (CP) against 3-year-old children and subsequent aggressive behavior among those children. METHODS: Respondents (N 2461) participated in the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study (1998 –2005), a population-based, birth cohort study of children born in 20 large US cities. Maternal reports of CP, children’s aggressive behaviors at 3 and 5 years of age, and a host of key demographic features and potential confounding factors, including maternal child physical maltreatment, psychological maltreatment, and neglect, intimate partner aggression victimization, stress, depression, substance use, and consideration of abortion, were assessed. RESULTS: Frequent use of CP (ie, mother’s use of spanking more than twice in the previous month) when the child was 3 years of age was associated with increased risk for higher levels of child aggression when the child was 5 years of age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.49 [95% confidence interval: 1.2–1.8]; P .0001), even with controlling for the child’s level of aggression at age 3 and the aforementioned potential confounding factors and key demographic features. CONCLUSIONS: Despite American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations to the contrary, most parents in the United States approve of and have used CP as a form of child discipline. The current findings suggest that even minor forms of CP, such as spanking, increase risk for increased child aggressive behavior. Importantly, these findings cannot be attributed to possible confounding effects of a host of other maternal parenting risk factors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106169/1/2010-Taylor-Manganello-Lee-Rice-PEDS.pd

Use of spanking for 3 year-old children and associated intimate partner aggression or violence

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine associations between maternal and paternal use of corporal punishment (CP) for 3-year-old children and intimate partner aggression or violence (IPAV) in a population-based sample. METHODS: The study sample (N 1997) was derived from wave 3 of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Mother and father reports regarding their use of CP and their IPAV victimization were analyzed. IPAV included coercion and nonphysical and physical aggression. RESULTS: Approximately 65% of the children were spanked at least once in the previous month by 1 or both parents. Of couples who reported any family aggression (87%), 54% reported that both CP and IPAV occurred. The most prevalent patterns of co-occurrence involved both parents as aggressors either toward each other (ie, bilateral IPAV) or toward the child. The presence of bilateral IPAV essentially doubled the odds that 1 or both parents would use CP, even after controlling for potential confounders such as parenting stress, depression, and alcohol or other drug use. Of the 5 patterns of cooccurring family aggression assessed, the “single aggressor” model, in which only 1 parent aggressed in the family, received the least amount of empirical support. CONCLUSIONS: Despite American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations against the use of CP, CP use remains common in the United States. CP prevention efforts should carefully consider assumptions made about patterns of co-occurring aggression in families, given that adult victims of IPAV, including even minor, nonphysical aggression between parents, have increased odds of using CP with their children.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106170/1/2010-Taylor-Lee-Guterman-Rice-PEDS.pd

Environmental Lead after Hurricane Katrina: Implications for Future Populations

Background: As a result of Hurricane Katrina, > 100,000 homes were destroyed or damaged and a significant amount of sediment was deposited throughout the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. Researchers have identified the potential for increased lead hazards from environmental lead contamination of soils

Life after lockdown: Zooming out on perceptions in the post-videoconferencing era

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply disrupted daily life across the globe, with profound effects on mental and physical health. After more than a year of isolation and communication via videoconferencing, people are returning to in-person activities. Objective: This study aimed to investigate worsening self-perception, mental health, and anxiety with the return to in-person activities, with a focus on the influence of videoconferencing, social media, and the use of filters. Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed online through social media platforms and student network pages. Results: A total of 7295 participants responded to the survey. Seventy-one precent reported anxiety or stress related to returning to in-person activities, and nearly 64% sought mental health support services. Thirty-percent stated they plan to invest in their appearance as a coping strategy to deal with the anxiety of returning to in-person, and \u3e 30% plan to take action in changing their appearance. The most reported dermatologic concerns were skin discoloration (32.36%), wrinkles (24.45%), and acne (14.85%). The prevalence of anxiety and mental health services increased relative to the use of filters in 18- to 24 year-olds. Conclusion: This survey study of \u3e 7000 participants across the country elucidates worsening self-perception, anxiety, and mental health as we return to in-person activities in relation to increased videoconferencing, social media usage, and the use of filters. Physicians should be aware of these effects to better serve their patients