On a generic symmetry defect hypersurface

We show that symmetry defect hypersurfaces for two generic members of the irreducible algebraic family of n-dimensional smooth irreducible subvarieties in general position in C²ⁿ are homeomorphic and they have homeomorphic sets of singular points. In particular symmetry defect curves for two generic curves in C² of the same degree have the same numer of singular points

Samsung Technical and Fundamental Analysis

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The role of polymorphisms of genes encoding collagen IX and XI in lumbar disc disease

The intervertebral disc disease (IDD) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. A number of environment and anthropometric risk factors may contribute to it. The recent reports have suggested the importance of genetic factors, especially these which encode collagen types IX and XI. The allelic variants in the collagen IX genes – COL9A2 (Trp2) and COL9A3 (Trp3) have been identified as genetic risk factors for IDD, because they interfere the cross-linking between collagen types II, IX and XI and result in decreased stability of intervertebral discs. Type XI collagen is a minor component of cartilage collagen fibrils, but it is present in the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. Some studies have shown the association between gene COL11A1 polymorphism c.4603C>T and IDD. The frequency of 4603T allele was significantly higher in the patients with IDD than in the healthy controls

PORÓWNANIE METOD UŚREDNIANIA STATYSTYCZNEGO NA PRZYKŁADZIE WZORCOWANIA CEWEK HELMHOLTZA

During a calibration of Helmholtz coils, in which more than one parameter is measured directly, there are various approaches to statistical averaging. In this paper will be discussed two of them: the averaging at the beginning of directly measured magnitude and the averaging of the final value. In order to compare the methods they will be referenced to the Monte Carlo method, having regard to the uncertainty of type A.Podczas wzorcowania cewek Helmholtza podczas których mierzy się bezpośrednio więcej niż jeden parametr możliwe są różne podejścia do uśredniania statystycznego. W pracy omówione będą dwa z nich: uśrednianie na początku bezpośrednio zmierzonych wielkości oraz uśrednianie wielkości końcowej. W celu porównania metod zostaną one odniesione do Metody Monte Carlo z uwzględnieniem niepewności typu A

Interleukin-1\beta affects the macrophage recruitment and proliferation in the injured brain of 6-day-old rat

Six-day-old male rats received a mechanical lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere. Thereafter, a single dose of either 5, 50 or 500 units (U) of recombinant rat interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) was injected into the lesion cavity. One or 2 days after the injury, the rats were injected with H-3-thymidine. Brain sections were subjected to BSI-B4 lectin histochemistry and autoradiography to visualise proliferating and non-proliferating macrophages located within the region of injury. A mitogenic effect of IL-1 beta on macrophages was observed on day 2 in brains injected with the lowest 5 U dose of cytokine. Following administration of higher 50 U and 500 U doses, infiltration of the injured tissue by macrophages was significantly intensified on day 1. However, on day 2, dose-dependent reductions of the total number of macrophages as well as their proliferative activity were recorded. The findings suggest that the higher the initial quantity of macrophages,the sooner they disappeared from the injury site. It may therefore be hypothesised that IL-1 beta-induced increase in macrophage recruitment at the beginning of the inflammatory response speeded the removal of tissue debris and, therefore, accelerated healing of the injured nervous tissue

The use of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy for a preliminary biochemical study of the rat hippocampal formation tissue in case of pilocarpine induced epilepsy and neutroprotection with FK-506

The main aim of the work was the biochemical analysis of the hippocampal formation tissue in the case of epileptic rats treated with the neuroprotective agent FK-506. Three groups of animals were compared: rats with pilocarpine induced seizures treated and non-treated with tacrolimus as well as naive controls. Synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy was used for the biomolecular analysis of studied samples. The measurements were carried out at SISSI beamline of ELETTRA. A Bruker IFS 66v/S interferometer coupled to a Bruker Hyperion 2000 microscope was used. The tissue samples were analyzed in transmission mode with a beam defined by a small aperture and spatial resolution steps of 10 mu m which allowed us to probe the selected cross-line of the sample at cellular resolution. The obtained results enabled to compare the distributions of proteins and lipids in the three hippocampal cellular layers, i.e. in molecular, multiform and granular layers. For epileptic animals both treated and non-treated with FK-506, the tendency for increase of the ratio of the absorbance at around 1548 and 1658 cm(-1) (amide II/amide I ratio) was observed, however only for the multiform layer these changes were statistically significant. Similar relation was noticed in case of the ratio of the absorbance at around 1631 and 1658 cm(-1). The mentioned results may suggest conformational changes of proteins in the direction of beta-sheet secondary structure. Additionally, a statistically significant increase in the lipid massif and a decrease of the ratio of absorbance at around 2921 and 2958 cm(-1) were observed for epileptic animals treated with tacrolimus comparing to the control group

Biodegradation of an Organophosphate Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant by Activated Sludge with Varying Solid Retention Times

This study examined the fate of malathion, a surrogate compound for VX studies, in bench-scale sequencing batch bioreactors being operated under varied solid retention times (SRTs) to simulate the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment facilities. Results show that a constant influent of the malathion will largely be removed. However, the heterotrophic bacteria undergo a stress response which temporarily inhibits malathion removal, the extent of which increases with increasing SRTs. After this stress response takes place, the activated sludge is able to resume a high degree of malathion removal, even with increased influent concentration; however, this is done so at the expense of acceptable COD removal in the effluent, suggesting malathion may be toxic to the heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge