Analysis of the Social Desirability of Gender Roles

The purpose of the study is to realize an analysis of the social desirability of the 60 items of the Sex Role Inventory Sandra Bem (BSRI) made in 1974. This scale is one of the most widely used measurement instruments in investigations of gender identity. The BSRI measures the self-attribution of characteristics that are socially desirable for each person based on their sex. An analysis of these items reveals whether there are changes in the attributes of gender roles. The objective is to compare the mean values obtained by Bern in 1974 with our results with students from the University of Extremadura. The analysis of these data shows that there are different ways of understanding masculinity and one imaginary for women.El estudio tiene como finalidad realizar un análisis de la deseabilidad social de los 60 ítems que contiene el Sex Role Inventory de Sandra Bem (BSRI) elaborado 1974. Esta escala es uno de los instrumentos de medida más utilizados en las investigaciones que analizan los constructos conceptuales relacionados con la identidad de género dado que, el BSRI mide la autoatribución de características que socialmente son deseables para una persona u otra en función de su sexo. Un análisis de estos ítems permite conocer si existen o no cambios en las atribuciones de los roles de género. Para ello, se comparan los valores medios obtenidos por Bem en 1974 con los resultados de esta investigación, a partir de los datos recogidos de estudiantes de la Universidad de Extremadura. El análisis de estos datos refleja que existen diferentes formas de concebir la masculinidad y un solo imaginario para ser mujer

Análisis de la deseabilidad social de los roles de género / Analysis of the Social Desirability of Gender Roles

RESUMEN: El estudio tiene como finalidad realizar un análisis de la deseabilidad social de los 60 ítems que contiene el Sex Role Inventory de Sandra Bem (BSRI) elaborado 1974. Esta escala es uno de los instrumentos de medida más utilizados en las investigaciones que analizan los constructos conceptuales relacionados con la identidad de género dado que, el BSRI mide la autoatribución de características que socialmente son deseables para una persona u otra en función de su sexo. Un análisis de estos ítems permite conocer si existen o no cambios en las atribuciones de los roles de género. Para ello, se comparan los valores medios obtenidos por Bem en 1974 con los resultados de esta investigación, a partir de los datos recogidos de estudiantes de la Universidad de Extremadura. El análisis de estos datos refleja que existen diferentes formas de concebir la masculinidad y un solo imaginario para ser mujer. ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study is to realize an analysis of the social desirability of the 60 items of the Sex Role Inventory Sandra Bem (BSRI) made in 1974. This scale is one of the most widely used measurement instruments in investigations of gender identity. The BSRI measures the self-attribution of characteristics that are socially desirable for each person based on their sex. An analysis of these items reveals whether there are changes in the attributes of gender roles. The objective is to compare the mean values obtained by Bern in 1974 with our results with students from the University of Extremadura. The analysis of these data shows that there are different ways of understanding masculinity and one imaginary for women

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages