Enforced Clonality Confers a Fitness Advantage

In largely clonal plants, splitting of a maternal plant into potentially independent plants (ramets) is usually spontaneous; however, such fragmentation also occurs in otherwise non-clonal species due to application of external force. This process might play an important yet largely overlooked role for otherwise non-clonal plants by providing a mechanism to regenerate after disturbance. Here, in a five-year garden experiment on two short-lived, otherwise non-clonal species, Barbarea vulgaris and Barbarea stricta, we compared the fitness of plants fragmented by simulated disturbance (enforced ramets) both with plants that contemporaneously originate in seed and with individuals unscathed by the disturbance event. Because the ability to regrow from fragments is related to plant age and stored reserves, we compared the effects of disturbance applied during three different ontogenetic stages of the plants. In B. vulgaris, enforced ramet fitness was higher than the measured fitness values of both uninjured plants and plants established from seed after the disturbance. This advantage decreased with increasing plant age at the time of fragmentation. In B. stricta, enforced ramet fitness was lower than or similar to fitness of uninjured plants and plants grown from seed. Our results likely reflect the habitat preferences of the study species, as B. vulgaris occurs in anthropogenic, disturbed habitats where body fragmentation is more probable and enforced clonality thus more advantageous than in the more natural habitats preferred by B. stricta. Generalizing from our results, we see that increased fitness yielded by enforced clonality would confer an evolutionary advantage in the face of disturbance, especially in habitats where a seed bank has not been formed, e.g. during invasion or colonization. Our results thus imply that enforced clonality should be taken into account when studying population dynamics and life strategies of otherwise non-clonal species in disturbed habitats

Use of recorder for speech development of preschool children

Diplomová práce pojednává o využití zobcové flétny a hudebních činností v logopedické prevenci u předškolních dětí. Teoretická část mapuje poznatky o řeči, poruchách komunikačních schopností s důrazem na vývojovou dysfázii a dyslalii. Značná část se zaměřuje na muzikoterapii a zobcovou flétnu jako na součást logopedické prevence. Praktická část analyzuje data z akčního výzkumu a obsahuje hloubkovou kazuistiku chlapce s vývojovou dysfázií. Zaměřuje se na vyhodnocení vlivu práce s dětmi v hudebním kroužku, na správné návyky při dýchání a melodické a rytmické cítění dětí.The following master thesis covers the use of the recorder and music activities as part of logopaedic prevention by preschool-age children. The theoretical part describes the general knowledge about speech, malfunctions of communicational skills emphasizing developmental dysphasia and dyslalia. The major part deals with music therapy and recorder and describes them as tools of logopaedic prevention. The practical part analyses data gained from the own action research and includes an in-depth case history of a boy suffering from developmental dysphasia. This part focuses mainly on analysing the impact of diverse musical activities with children within preschool music classes. The analysis also covers children's good practice of breathing habits as well as their melodic and rhythmic perception.Katedra hudební výchovyFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

The bisphenol S contamination level observed in human follicular fluid affects the development of porcine oocytes

Bisphenol S (BPS), the main replacement for bisphenol A (BPA), is thought to be toxic, but limited information is available on the effects of Bisphenol S on ovarian follicles. In our study, we demonstrated the presence of Bisphenol S in the follicular fluid of women at a concentration of 22.4 nM. The effect of such concentrations of Bisphenol S on oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development is still unknown. Therefore, we focused on the effect of Bisphenol S on in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development. As a model, we used porcine oocytes, which show many physiological similarities to human oocytes. Oocytes were exposed to Bisphenol S concentrations similar to those detected in female patients in the ART clinic. We found a decreased ability of oocytes to successfully complete meiotic maturation. Mature oocytes showed an increased frequency of meiotic spindle abnormalities and chromosome misalignment. Alarming associations of oocyte Bisphenol S exposure with the occurrence of aneuploidy and changes in the distribution of mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins were demonstrated for the first time. However, the number and quality of blastocysts derived from oocytes that successfully completed meiotic maturation under the influence of Bisphenol S was not affected

Title: Effect of changes in legislation on financial management of foundations

Cílem bakalářské práce je identifikovat změny, které přináší Zákon č. 89/2012 Sb., občanský zákoník oproti Zákonu č. 227/1997 Sb., o nadacích a nadačních fondech pro fungování nadací (zejména jejich financování a hospodaření) a zjistit možné dopady vybraných změn do nadační praxe. Práce využívá metody obsahové analýzy kvalitativních i kvantitativních dat, metody rozhovorů a popisného výzkumu. První kapitola obsahuje obecné informace o nadacích a jejich zdrojích financování. Druhá kapitola popisuje legislativní změny. Třetí kapitola přináší informace o možných dopadech legislativních změn získané z rozhovorů s odborníky nadační praxe. Občanský zákoník přinesl oproti Zákonu o nadacích a nadačních fondech řadu změn, z nichž nejvýznamnější jsou umožnění podnikání a uvolnění pravidel pro to, co může být součástí nadační jistiny.The aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify changes in foundation law (New Civil Code - "Nový občanský zákoník" in comparison with Act on Foundations and Foundation Funds - "Zákon o nadacích a nadačních fondech") which have an affect on the financial management of foundations and find possible consequences of this changes for practical implementation in foundations. Thesis uses methods of content analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, interviews and method of describing research. The first chapter gives a general information about foundations and their sources of funding. The second chapter describes legislative changes. Third chapter consists of information about possible consequences of legislative changes. There are numerous changes in legislation and the most important is the possibility of doing business and more options of what can be part of endowment

Interpretation of the TRIPS Agreement Regarding the Right to Health

Katedra mezinárodního právaDepartment of Public International LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

The importance of integrating children with Down syndrome on their socialization

The first part of the bachelor thesis The importance of integration of a child with Down syndrome for his or her socialization depicts intellectual disability. In this section the thesis adresses the notion of intellectual disability, it classifies intellectual disability, it points out the most common causes of intellectual disability and depicts possibilities of educability of mentally handicapped people. In the following part the thesis deals elaborately with the problems of Down syndrome. The content of the following chapter is the importance of integration of children with Down syndrome for their socialization. The thesis also includes a list of therapies used and an elaborately depicted alternative and augmentative method according to Mrs. Šarounová. The practical part brings casuistry of Amálka and a questionnaire survey

The Quality of Teaching by Beginning Physics Teachers

The strategic goal of the research is to contribute to the search for connections between the teaching quality and other factors, and to deepen the understanding of the context of the teaching quality. The research question is posed as follows: Which parameters of the quality of physics teaching are typical for beginning teachers? To answer the question a mixed method research design was used and a case study was chosen as the basic research plan. An ex-post-facto research was chosen as the design of the quantitative part of the research, and the data was collected using the method of pedagogical observation. Regarding the qualitative part, the data was collected using semi-structured interviews. The research sample consisted of four physics teachers, teaching in grammar schools, who have recently graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University. This research shows that there are parameters of the quality of physics teaching which the teachers have in common (e.g. high level of physics expertise, lecturing, mathematics, abstraction, knowledge structure). Besides common features of the teaching quality of the selected teachers there are certain differences (e.g. teaching aids, experiments, work with text, student's activity, demands placed on students)

Removal of azo-dyes containing sulfonic groups out of model waste waters

Studium účinnosti odstraňování barviv z odpadních vod s použitím kationaktivních tenzidů a sorbentů.Study of efficiency of removal of dyes from waste water using cationic surfactants and sorbents.Ústav environmentálního a chemického inženýrstvíDiskuse - Je sorbent opakovaně použitelný? - Do jaké míry pomohla sorbentu chemická modifikace?Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Polyhedra and their nets

This text is especially intended as an educational material and didactic help for primary and secondary-school teachers. The thesis can be divided into four parts. In the first one there are summerized facts about polyhedra. There is said something about prisms, pyramids, regular, semiregular and Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra. Other part consists of worksheets especially for secondary-school students. It could be helpfull for improving their skills. In the third part we can find solutions of worksheets made by students. In the last part of thesis there are some examples of models as didactic help