Sleep-dicordered Breathing at Risk Pregnancies

Souhrn Cílem této dizertační práce je poukázat na závažnost poruch dýchání ve spánku u rizikových gravidit, neboť tyto poruchy zvyšují incidence komplikací během těhotenství a při porodu a mají vysoký podíl na vzniku kardiovaskulárních potíží v pozdějším věku, ve skupině rizikových gravidních pacientek vedou poruchy dýchání ve spánku k vyšší morbiditě jak pacientek tak i novorozenců. V současné době přibývá rizikových faktorů v populaci gravidních žen. Rizikové faktory pro vznik OSAS, které jsou podrobně zkoumány v této dizertační práci u těhotných, jsou BMI, věk, pregestační a gestační hypertenze a diabetes mellitus. Teoretická část dizertační práce obsahuje poznatky o rizikových graviditách, z nichž nejzávažnější nosologickou jednotkou je preeklampsie. Z toho důvodu je největší pozornost v rámci rizikových gravidit zaměřena na incidenci, etiopatogenezi, diagnostiku a léčbu preeklampsie. Teoretická část dále obsahuje poznatky o poruchách dýchání ve spánku, ze kterých se práce podrobně věnuje OSAS a jeho zdravotním komplikacím. Ve speciální části dizertační práce je provedeno vyhodnocení výsledků souboru rizikových těhotných s přítomností OSAS a bez přítomného OSAS. Klíčová slova Preeklampsie, hypertenze, OSAS, gravidita, rizikové faktoryThe aim of this thesis is to highlight the severity of sleep-disordered breathing at risk pregnancies, as these disorders have a high share on the occurrence of cardiovascular problems at a later age. In the group of high-risk pregnant patients, breathing disorders in sleep lead to higher morbidity of patient as well as newborns. Currently, there are increasing risk factors in the population of pregnant women. Risk factors for the development of OSAS, which are examined in detail in this thesis in pregnant women, include BMI, age, pregestational and gestational hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the findings of the risk pregnancies. The most serious unit is preeclampsia. For that reason, the greatest attention within high- risk pregnancies is aimed to the incidency, ethiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia. Furthermore, the theoretical part includes findings related to sleep- disordered breathing and focuses on OSAS and its health complications. In the special part of the thesis, there is an assessment of results regarding risk pregnant women with the presence of OSAS and without present OSAS. Keywords Preeclampsia, hypertension, OSAS, pregnancy, risk factorsGynekologicko - porodnická klinikaFaculty of Medicine in PilsenLékařská fakulta v Plzn

Teorie a aplikace optických spektroskopických metod pro strukturní studie molekul

Název práce: Teorie a aplikace optických spektroskopických metod pro strukturní studie molekul Autor: RNDr. Jana Hudecová Katedra / Ústav: Ústav organické chemie biochemie AVČR, v.v.i. Vedoucí doktorské práce: Prof. RNDr. Petr Bouř, DSc. Abstrakt: V dizertační práci byly použity metody chiroptické spektroskopie (Ramanova optická aktivita, elektronový a vibrační cirkulární dichroismus a cirkulárně polarizovaná luminiscence) k získání informací o struktuře chirálních molekul. Ve čtyřech hlavních projektech jsme se zaměřili na vylepšování přesnosti kvantově-chemických výpočtů potřebných pro interpretaci změřených spekter, zahrnutím anharmonických korekcí, rozpouštědla, flexibility molekul a dynamických efektů. V prvním projektu jsme se věnovali metodě optimalizace geometrie v normálních módech a nalezli optimální frekvenční limit zajišťující realistické rozšíření vibračních pásů. Dále jsme zkoumali schopnost harmonických a anharmonických výpočetních přístupů popsat C-H valenční vibrace pro tři molekuly terpenů a čtyři spektroskopické metody. Třetí projekt byl zaměřen na roli disperzních sil u různých organických rozpouštědel pro konformační rovnováhu a dynamiku cyklických dipeptidů obsahujících tryptofan. V posledním projektu pomohla volná energie získaná z molekulárně-dynamických simulací vysvětlit spektrální...Title: Theory and application of optical spectroscopic methods for structural molecular studies Author: RNDr. Jana Hudecová Department / Institute: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Prof. RNDr. Petr Bouř, DSc. Abstract: In the thesis, methods of the chiroptical spectroscopy (Raman optical activity, electronic and vibrational circular dichroism, circularly polarized luminescence) were utilized to obtain information on structure of chiral molecules. In four main projects, we focused on improving accuracy of quantum-chemical computations used for interpretation of experimental spectra by including anharmonic effects, solvent, molecular flexibility and dynamics. In the first project, the normal mode geometry optimization method was investigated and a suitable frequency limit providing realistic vibrational band broadening was found. Then the ability of harmonic and anharmonic computational approaches to describe the C-H stretching vibrations was explored for three terpene molecules and four spectroscopic methods. In the third project, we estimated the role of dispersion forces and different organic solvents for conformer equilibria and dynamics of cyclic dipeptides containing tryptophan. In the last project, circularly polarized luminiscence spectra, which were...Matematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic

Theory and application of optical spectroscopic methods for structural molecular studies

Title: Theory and application of optical spectroscopic methods for structural molecular studies Author: RNDr. Jana Hudecová Department / Institute: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Prof. RNDr. Petr Bouř, DSc. Abstract: In the thesis, methods of the chiroptical spectroscopy (Raman optical activity, electronic and vibrational circular dichroism, circularly polarized luminescence) were utilized to obtain information on structure of chiral molecules. In four main projects, we focused on improving accuracy of quantum-chemical computations used for interpretation of experimental spectra by including anharmonic effects, solvent, molecular flexibility and dynamics. In the first project, the normal mode geometry optimization method was investigated and a suitable frequency limit providing realistic vibrational band broadening was found. Then the ability of harmonic and anharmonic computational approaches to describe the C-H stretching vibrations was explored for three terpene molecules and four spectroscopic methods. In the third project, we estimated the role of dispersion forces and different organic solvents for conformer equilibria and dynamics of cyclic dipeptides containing tryptophan. In the last project, circularly polarized luminiscence spectra, which were..

The vocal range of preschool children and the development of their singing skills

Tato bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na zjištění hlasového rozsahu a rozvoj pěveckých dovedností dětí ve věku 4 až 7 let. Skládá se z teoretické a praktické části. Teoretická část obsahuje informace ohledně hlasu dítěte předškolního věku, hudebních schopností a dovedností. Praktická část se zabývá výzkumem hlasového rozsahu a rozvojem pěveckých dovedností za pomoci připraveného repertoáru a cvičení. Dále zahrnuje výsledky jednotlivých dětí a tříd. V neposlední řadě obsahuje práce rozdíly mezi třídami. Experiment byl proveden u 36 dětí z vybraných mateřských škol v Plzni.ObhájenoThis bachelor thesis focuses on the vocal range and vocal skill development of children aged 4 to 7 years. It consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part contains information regarding the preschool child's voice, musical abilities and skills. The practical part deals with the research of vocal range and the development of singing skills with the help of prepared repertoire and exercises. It also includes the results of individual children and classes. Finally, the thesis includes differences between classes. The experiment was conducted with 36 children from selected kindergartens in Pilsen

The vocal range of preschool children and the development of their singing skills

Tato bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na zjištění hlasového rozsahu a rozvoj pěveckých dovedností dětí ve věku 4 až 7 let. Skládá se z teoretické a praktické části. Teoretická část obsahuje informace ohledně hlasu dítěte předškolního věku, hudebních schopností a dovedností. Praktická část se zabývá výzkumem hlasového rozsahu a rozvojem pěveckých dovedností za pomoci připraveného repertoáru a cvičení. Dále zahrnuje výsledky jednotlivých dětí a tříd. V neposlední řadě obsahuje práce rozdíly mezi třídami. Experiment byl proveden u 36 dětí z vybraných mateřských škol v Plzni.ObhájenoThis bachelor thesis focuses on the vocal range and vocal skill development of children aged 4 to 7 years. It consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part contains information regarding the preschool child's voice, musical abilities and skills. The practical part deals with the research of vocal range and the development of singing skills with the help of prepared repertoire and exercises. It also includes the results of individual children and classes. Finally, the thesis includes differences between classes. The experiment was conducted with 36 children from selected kindergartens in Pilsen

Sleep-dicordered Breathing at Risk Pregnancies

The aim of this thesis is to highlight the severity of sleep-disordered breathing at risk pregnancies, as these disorders have a high share on the occurrence of cardiovascular problems at a later age. In the group of high-risk pregnant patients, breathing disorders in sleep lead to higher morbidity of patient as well as newborns. Currently, there are increasing risk factors in the population of pregnant women. Risk factors for the development of OSAS, which are examined in detail in this thesis in pregnant women, include BMI, age, pregestational and gestational hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the findings of the risk pregnancies. The most serious unit is preeclampsia. For that reason, the greatest attention within high- risk pregnancies is aimed to the incidency, ethiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia. Furthermore, the theoretical part includes findings related to sleep- disordered breathing and focuses on OSAS and its health complications. In the special part of the thesis, there is an assessment of results regarding risk pregnant women with the presence of OSAS and without present OSAS. Keywords Preeclampsia, hypertension, OSAS, pregnancy, risk factor

Raman optical activity and conformational flexibility of peptides in solution

Title: Raman optical activity and conformational flexibility of peptides in solution Author: Jana Hrudíková Department: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Baumruk, DrSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: Molecular flexibility can significantly modify Raman and ROA spectral intensities, band positions and the ROA signs. Taking into account dynamic aspects of behavior of studied molecules in solution via conformational averaging therefore seems to be crucial for spectral interpretation. The first of studied models, histidine, plays an important role in metallo-enzymatic reactions and peptide folding, due to its imidazole ring. ROA spectra of His at different pH, His complexed with Cu2+ and dipeptides His- Gly and Gly-His were recorded on the spectrometer built at the Institute of Physics of the Charles University as a first step of the subsequent study. The second studied system, a cyclic hexapeptide c-(Phe-D-Pro-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp), serves as a convenient model for β- hairpin and anti-parallel β-sheet. It was previously studied by means of VCD and IR. From molecular dynamics simulations 10 peptide geometries were selected for spectral modeling. The Raman and ROA spectra were calculated ab initio. For a model fragment Phe-D-Pro, which..

Phytobiotics and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Major Fish Pathogens. A Review

This review focuses on the characteristic of major fish bacteria, antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic substitution in aquaculture. Nowadays aquaculture represents the fastest growing industry leading to the use of intensive and semi-intensive methods resulting in outbreaks of bacterial diseases. Antibiotics are used to treat and prevent these bacterial diseases, which can cause an increase in resistance. Many antibiotics applied in aquaculture were originally used in human medicine and many countries do not have strict limits for their application. Annually, more than 700 000 people worldwide die from bacterial infections caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics and even though European countries have strict rules for the use of antibiotics, the death rate resulting from resistance represents more than 33 000 people per year. One of the options how to resolve this problem is the replacement of antibiotics with bioactive compounds of plant origin that exhibit strong inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria

Effect of Reaction Parameters in the Real-Time PCR Detection of Grape Chitinase

Grapevine is a well-known and popular cultural plant that is grown on thousands of hectares worldwide. It possesses a lot of nutritional benefits but, on the other side, some of the people may suffer an allergic reaction when eating grapes or even in the case of consumption of the processed forms. Although grape allergy is not a common allergic reaction, the prevalence of this type of allergy is increasing mainly in southern European countries. One of the main proteins that has the potential to cause grapes allergy is chitinase. Here, a real-time PCR protocol was optimized to analyse the expression of chitinase in the mature grape berries. Different parameter such as analytic kit, primer annealing temperatures or cDNA dilution effects were tested. The final optimized protocol was proved for the chitinase unique isoform amplification by post melting analysis and testing of the protocol was performed for selected grape varieties

Accurate Determination of Enantiomeric Excess Using Raman Optical Activity

The optical purity of a chiral sample is of particular importance to the analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, the vibrational optical activity (VOA) has become established as a sensitive and nondestructive technique for the analysis of chiral molecules in solution. However, the relatively limited accuracy in the range of about 1–2% reported in published papers and the relatively small spread of experimental facilities to date have meant that vibrational spectroscopy has not been considered a common method for determining enantiomeric excess. In this paper, we attempt to describe, in detail, a methodology for the determination of enantiomeric excess using Raman optical activity (ROA). This method achieved an accuracy of 0.05% for neat α-pinene and 0.22% for alanine aqueous solution, after less than 6 h of signal accumulation for each enantiomeric mixture, which we believe is the best result achieved to date using vibrational optical activity techniques. An algorithm for the elimination of systematic errors (polarization artifacts) is proposed, and the importance of normalizing ROA spectra to correct for fluctuations in excitation power is established. Results comparable to those obtained with routinely used chemometric analysis by the partial least squares (PLS) method were obtained. These findings show the great potential of ROA spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of enantiomeric mixtures