Embeddings of Sz(32) in E_8(5)

We show that the Suzuki group Sz(32) is a subgroup of E_8(5), and so is its automorphism group. Both are unique up to conjugacy in E_8(F) for any field F of characteristic 5, and the automorphism group Sz(32):5 is maximal in E_8(5)

The operator-product expansion away from euclidean region

The role of the operator-product expansion in QCD calculations is discussed. Approximating the two-point correlation function by several terms and assuming an upper bound on the truncation error along the euclidean ray, we consider two model situations to examine how the bound develops with increasing deflection from the euclidean ray towards the cut. We obtain explicit bounds on the truncation error and show how they worsen with the increasing deflection. The result does not support the believe that the remainder is constant for all angles in the complex energy plane. Further refinements of the formalism are dicussed.Comment: 4 pages, qcd98 conference report, Montpellier, July 199

Craft and sustainable development:reflections on Scottish craft and pathways to sustainability

To date, the majority of studies on pathways to sustainability have neglected or under-explored the possibilities that the crafts and craftsmanship represent for sustainability. Yet both craft and sustainable development are intricately connected with the way human beings create and interpret life; with culture and social relations; with use of and relationship with natural materials; and with livelihood and broader economic opportunities. In this paper, based upon data from Scotland, we study the theoretical and practical intersections between craft and sustainable development and analyse some of these mutual contributions in the area of building resilient of community; alternative concepts and models of the economy, and education for sustainable development

A study of school improvement : understanding the processes and outcomes of planned pedagogical improvement in independent preparatory schools

This thesis describes the processes and outcomes of planned pedagogical improvement in a group of independent preparatory schools. It is an ethnographic investigation of these schools, which were researched and reported as multiple composite case studies. The research focuses upon two unusual and different aspects of school improvement. Firstly, a central theme of the study is the importance of the dynamic between improvement in classroom practice and the concomitant modification to school organisational arrangements.T he cases tudiesi nvestigate the essenceo f the mteractional processes that the schools experienced during implementing a process of pedagogical improvement, and as a result, a model is proposed to suggest a possible way of understanding the school improvement processes in these schools. Secondly, the research has been undertaken in the independent primary (preparatory) sector, where there has been little research undertaken and a dearth of literature that is useful and relevant to the culture of these schools specifically. The thesis examines and analysest he constraints,p roblems and successesth at the schools faced; and in particular considers individual and organisational capacity building, the stages that the teachers and schools moved through, the processes, consequences and outcomes and whether the pedagogical improvements could be sustained. The writer presents an empirical model of the process and argues that the evidence could be related, in a meaningful way, to other independent preparatory schools. The outcomes of the evidence appears to indicate that effective pedagogical improvement processes, that focus on modifying classroom practice and improving children's achievement, can be strategies for educational change; which can lead to adaptations and improvements within the organisational management arrangements, systems and controls within the school to support teaching and learning

On Gauge Invariance and Ward Identities for the Wilsonian Renormalisation Group

We investigate non-Abelian gauge theories within a Wilsonian Renormalisation Group approach. The cut-off term inherent in this approach leads to a modified Ward identity (mWI). It is shown that this mWI is compatible with the flow and that the full effective action satisfies the usual Ward identity (WI). The universal 1-loop beta-function is derived within this approach and the extension to the 2-loop level is briefly outlined.Comment: 4 pages, latex, talk presented by J. M. Pawlowski at QCD 98, Montpellier, July 2-8, 1998; to be published in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), reference update

Kinetic Theory and Fast Wind Observations of the Electron Strahl

We develop a model for the strahl population in the solar wind -- a narrow, low-density and high-energy electron beam centered on the magnetic field direction. Our model is based on the solution of the electron drift-kinetic equation at heliospheric distances where the plasma density, temperature, and the magnetic field strength decline as power-laws of the distance along a magnetic flux tube. Our solution for the strahl depends on a number of parameters that, in the absence of the analytic solution for the full electron velocity distribution function (eVDF), cannot be derived from the theory. We however demonstrate that these parameters can be efficiently found from matching our solution with observations of the eVDF made by the Wind satellite's SWE strahl detector. The model is successful at predicting the angular width (FWHM) of the strahl for the Wind data at 1 AU, in particular by predicting how this width scales with particle energy and background density. We find the strahl distribution is largely determined by the local temperature Knudsen number $\gamma \sim |T dT/dx|/n$, which parametrizes solar wind collisionality. We compute averaged strahl distributions for typical Knudsen numbers observed in the solar wind, and fit our model to these data. The model can be matched quite closely to the eVDFs at 1 AU, however, it then overestimates the strahl amplitude at larger heliocentric distances. This indicates that our model may be improved through the inclusion of additional physics, possibly through the introduction of "anomalous diffusion" of the strahl electrons

Why Homework is Assigned

This literature review will provide a synthesis of literature that addresses why homework is assigned, different types and amounts of homework typically assigned, and parental involvement in homework assignments

Forced migration and the childbearing of women and men: a disruption of the tempo and quantum of fertility?

It is well known that migrant fertility is associated with age at migration, but little is known about this relationship for forced migrants. We study an example of displacement in which the entire population of Finnish Karelia was forced to move elsewhere in Finland in the 1940s. This displacement was unique because of its size and scale, because we have data on almost the whole population of both men and women who moved, and because of the similarity between origin and destination. These aspects enable us to investigate the disruptive impact of forced migration, net of other factors such as adaptation and selection. For all ages at migration from one to 20, female forced migrants had lower levels of completed fertility than similar women born in present-day Finland, which suggests a permanent impact of migration. However, women born in the same year as the initial forced migration showed no difference, which may indicate the presence of a counterbalancing fertility-increasing effect, as observed elsewhere for people born during a humanitarian crisis. There is less evidence of an impact for men, which suggests a gendered impact of forced migration-and its timing-on fertility. Results are similar after controlling for social and spatial mobility, indicating that there may be no major trade-off between reproduction and these forms of mobility