From Conformal Group to Symmetries of Hypergeometric Type Equations

We show that properties of hypergeometric type equations become transparent if they are derived from appropriate 2nd order partial differential equations with constant coefficients. In particular, we deduce the symmetries of the hypergeometric and Gegenbauer equation from conformal symmetries of the 4- and 3-dimensional Laplace equation. We also derive the symmetries of the confluent and Hermite equation from the so-called Schr\"odinger symmetries of the heat equation in 2 and 1 dimension. Finally, we also describe how properties of the ${}_0F_1$ equation follow from the Helmholtz equation in 2 dimensions.Comment: comment by PM: the editing done by SIGMA deteriorates the quality of the paper which is very sad, please visit http://www.fuw.edu.pl/~derezins/sym-hyp-submitted.pdf for the submitted and reviewed version which looks as the authors intended; part of PM's doctoral thesi

Morphologic and molecular diversity of the foraminiferal genus Globocassidulina in Admiralty Bay, King George Island

Four distinctive morphological types can be found among living Globocassidulina in surface sediments of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetland Islands). The molecular analysis of the SSU and ITS rDNA indicates that they are monospecific and belong to Globocassidulina biora, except for minute forms from deeper than 200 m water depth which probably represent G. subglobosa. The morphological types of G. biora that show doubled or branched apertures, varied test size and shape as well as colour of cytoplasm, represent populations at different stages of ontogenetic development. However, the variability among large G. biora from the same locations is difficult to comprehend. It seems probable that G. biora is the only recent, large, shallow water Globocassidulina represented throughout the Antarctica, while G. crassa is typical for the Magellan regio

Polityka prawa – próba oceny strategii rządzenia Sądem Najwyższym w PRL

The goal of this article is to use available archival data, legislature, information on power structure and memoirs to reconstruct strategies of subjecting Polish Supreme Court and its judges to the interests of the regime of the Polish People’s Republic in the 1945-1989 period. The article is an attempt to assess the efficiency of these strategies based on internal reports of the government and party and to develop a simple statistical model to assess the maximal capacity for control of Supreme Court workload. The results show that due to highly complex nature of law, multitude of judicial tasks and limited resources of the elite, only a few of the strategies could and did work. Specifically, analysis of cognitive capacity of controller group shows that only extremely focused, coordinated and specialized efforts could successfully diagnose the judicial work. The political influence on law seems to have been limited to personal influence, candidate selection, re-evaluation of judges and filling of strategic position within the court.Celem artykułu jest wykorzystanie dostępnych danych archiwalnych, treści aktów prawnych, informacji o strukturze naczelnych organów władzy i literatury wspomnieniowej do rekonstrukcji strategii podporządkowywania interesom władzy ludowej Sądu Najwyższego i jego sędziów w okresie 1945–1989. W artykule zaproponowano również ocenę efektywności tych strategii opierającą się na raportach centrum politycznego PRL, a także oszacowano za pomocą prostego modelu statystycznego maksymalny zakres kontroli merytorycznej działalności SN. Wyniki pokazują, że ze względu na ogromną złożoność systemu prawa, wielość zagadnień rozpatrywanych przez sądy oraz ograniczone zasoby elity politycznej tylko niektóre sposoby rządzenia prawem mogły być i były skuteczne. W szczególności analiza kognitywnych możliwości kontroli Sądu Najwyższego prowadzi do wniosku, że jedynie ekstremalnie skoncentrowane, skoordynowane i wyspecjalizowane działania mogą pozwolić na rozpoznanie orzecznictwa SN, a sterowania nim dokonywano przede wszystkim poprzez oddziaływania personalne, selekcję kadrową i obsadę kluczowych stanowisk

Unconstitutionality à l'Anglaise : is the UK having its Marbury v Madison moment?

First published online on Verfassungblog: 06 May 2024After long and tortuous proceedings in Parliament, the Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024 finally received Royal Assent on Thursday 25 April. The bill had already grabbed attention before it was officially introduced, and it continued to excite constitutional lawyers at every stage of its enactment. There are so many problems with the Act and they are so fundamental that there has even been speculation that the courts might refuse to apply some of the Act’s provisions. This has never happened in the UK, though judges have dropped hints that it might if Parliament ever does the ‘unthinkable’. It looks like it just did. Still, it is difficult to tell if the UK is really having its Marbury v Madison moment. It is clear enough that even if the courts are asked to disapply the Act’s provisions or strike them down, they are likely to be very slow to take such radical steps. The political context, if anything, encourages caution: the upcoming general election looms large, as does the likely winners’ commitment to backing out of the Rwanda affair. But it is just as clear that a judicial intervention is no longer seen as completely impossible. By British standards, this is already an extreme situation

Taxonomy and biogeography of living species of the Family Notorotaliidae (Notorotalia, Parrellina, Porosorotalia, Buccella, Cristatavultus)

DNA sequencing shows that species of the genera Notorotalia, Porosorotalia and Buccella form a distinct branch (Notorotaliidae) of Rotaloidea, and cluster as sister to Elphidiidae. In this review we report on the sequencing of three species of Buccella (from the Arctic Ocean, Patagonia and Chile) and one each of Notorotalia (New Zealand) and Porosorotalia (Chile). This information has been combined with all the morphological descriptive information on species of these genera plus the genera Cristatavultus and Parrellina to provide a global synthesis of living species of the Notorotaliidae. We recognize 11 species of the southern hemisphere genus Notorotalia, which has a centre of diversity around New Zealand (8 species). A second southern-hemisphere-restricted genus, restricted to eastern Australia is Parrellina (3 species) although specimens (possibly introduced) have been recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Cristatavultus has a single species, with a tropical west Pacific distribution.We synonymize Cribrorotalia under Porosorotalia, which has a disjunct distribution with one species in the northwest Pacific and a second around the southern parts of South America. Buccella is the most diverse and widespread genus (16 species recognized) with its greatest abundance in the Arctic Ocean and around subantarctic-temperate South America. Five species of Buccella live in a belt along the west coast of central America, from USAto Peru, with some spillage into the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Two new species of Buccella are recognized: B. dejardini (from South Georgia) and Buccella n. sp. A (from Chile)

Ovarian morphology and hormonal profiles in gilts following surgical denervation at day 12 of the oestrous cycle - preliminary data

To establish the role of the nervous system in the etiopathogenesis of ovarian cysts we studied ovarian morphology and hormonal profiles in gilts that had undergone bilateral surgical denervation at day 12 of the oestrous cycle. Blood samples were collected from day 13 of the first cycle until day 20 of the second studied cycle. On this day the number of follicles (6 to 10 mm in diameter) was lower (p < 0.01) in the denervated ovaries when compared to the control group. Denervation resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of TH/D &#946;H- and/or NPY-IR nerve fibres, especially in the vicinity of the follicles. Furthermore, denervation lead to a decrease (p < 0.05&#8211;0.001) in plasma concentrations of P4 (at day 15 and 16 of the first cycle and during the luteal phase of the second studied cycle) and LH and E2 (mainly during the perioestrous period). These results suggest that sympathetic neurons supplying ovaries may participate in the follicular development and steroidogenesis in gilts

Surface modification of the laser sintering standard powder polyamide 12 by plasma treatments

Polyamide 12 (PA12) powder was exposed for up to 3 h to low pressure air plasma treatment (LP-PT) and several minutes by two different atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) i.e., kINPen (K-APPJ) and Hairline (H-APPJ). The chemical and physical changes resulting from LP-PT were observed by a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which demonstrated significant changes between the plasma treated and untreated PA12 powders. PA12 exposed to LP-PT showed an increase in wettability, was relatively porous, and possessed a higher density, which resulted from the surface functionalization and materials removal during the plasma exposure. However, it showed poor melt behavior under heating conditions typical for Laser Sintering. In contrast, brief PJ treatments demonstrated similar changes in porosity, but crucially, retained the favorable melt characteristics of PA12 powder