Comparison of Two Methods of Estimation of Nonallelic Interaction of QTL Effect on the Basis of Doubled Haploid Lines in Barley

The paper presents numerical comparison of two methods of estimation of nonallelic interaction of QTL effects. In the first method we assume that we observe only the plant phenotype, while in the second method we have additional information from the molecular markers observations. In this paper we analysed phenotypic data on 120 barley doubled haploid lines, derived from cross Clipper × Sahara and data concerning 183 molecular markers. The analysed traits were beta-amylase activity, alpha-amylase activity, betaglucanase activity and cyst nematode resistance. Results obtained for three from four traits show that by using molecular marker observations we obtain estimators that have smaller absolute values than estimators obtained by the phenotypic method

Comparison of Two Methods of Estimation of Nonallelic Interaction of QTL Effect on the Basis of Doubled Haploid Lines in Barley

The paper presents numerical comparison of two methods of estimation of nonallelic interaction of QTL effects. In the first method we assume that we observe only the plant phenotype, while in the second method we have additional information from the molecular markers observations. In this paper we analysed phenotypic data on 120 barley doubled haploid lines, derived from cross Clipper × Sahara and data concerning 183 molecular markers. The analysed traits were beta-amylase activity, alpha-amylase activity, betaglucanase activity and cyst nematode resistance. Results obtained for three from four traits show that by using molecular marker observations we obtain estimators that have smaller absolute values than estimators obtained by the phenotypic method

Genotype – environment interaction for seed yield of maize hybrids and lines using the AMMI model

The objective of this study was to assess genotype by environment interaction for seed yield in maize hybrids andlines growing in Western Poland using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI). Thestudy comprised 32 maize genotypes (13 F1 hybrids and their 19 parental lines), evaluated in four environments(two locations in two years). Seed yield ranged from 2.50 t/ha (S311 in Łagiewniki 2013) to 18.31 t/ha (Popis inŁagiewniki 2014), with an average of 8.41 t/ha. The Popis hybrid had the highest average seed yield (15.53 t/ha),and the S56125A line had the lowest (3.65 t/ha). The average seed yield per environments also varied from 6.60t/ha in Łagiewniki 2013, to 9.95 t/ha in Smolice 2013. AMMI analyses revealed significant genotype (G) and environmental(E) effects as well as GE interaction effect with respect to seed yield. The analysis of variance explained14.59% of the total seed yield variation by environment, 77.41% by differences between genotypes, 6.50% by GEinteraction, and 1.50% by error. The Blask, Brda and Bejm hybrids are recommended for further inclusion in thebreeding program because of their stability and high averages of seed yields

Response of nitrogen nutritional indices of maize leaves to different mineral-organic fertilization

Maize crop growth rate during the course of vegetation is strongly dependent on nitrogen supply. The most critical stages of maize response to this nutrient are exhibited both in very early growth stages, as related to the stage from five (six) to eight leaves, and in the period from tasselling to the blister stage. Among many indicators of plant nitrogen nutritional status, the most promising include nitrate reductase and acid invertase activity, since the enzymes significantly affect the growth of new tissues. Two series of field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effect of six fertilization treatments, differing in the prevailing source of nitrogen (from pure mineral to classical organic), on nitrate concentration, nitrate reductase and acid invertase activity and finally on the assimilation area of a single maize plant or the ear leaf. A significant effect of each fertilization treatment on all the examined maize plant characteristics was observed, but it was mostly seasonally variable. Nitrate reductase was linearly affected by the nitrate concentration in maize leaves. Both evaluated indices of acid invertase showed a curvilinear effect on the maize plant morphological characteristics. Therefore it can be concluded that excessive acid invertase activity may inhibit the growth rate of the maize assimilation area in the flowering stage

Does Genetic Distance of Parental Forms Affect Specific Combining Ability and Heterosis Eff ects in F1 and F2 of Spring Rape Diallel Cross?

This paper aims to probe into relationships between genetic diversity of inbred lines, estimated through the Mahalanobis distance and the effects of specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis. The SCA and heterosis effects were analyzed for nine quantitative traits of eight inbred lines and their diallel cross hybrids of spring rape. The field experiments (with F1 and F2 generations) were carried out in a partly balanced square design with four replications. The results show that the Mahalanobis distances for inbred lines and SCA effects of the hybrids were mostly positively correlated. However, the Mahalanobis distances were usually not related, or very weakly, with the heterosis effects. On this basis we conclude that it is possible that the genetic diversity of crossed lines does not have to affect heterosis effects in the hybrids derived from the crossing. Since, as far as could be determined, this is the first conclusion of this type in literature, it calls for further research to study this phenomenon

Finding Ranking of Testers in Line X Tester Experiments

Improvement of crop traits, mainly the characteristics of yield and the extension of genetic variability is the goal of many of breeding projects. It can be realized e.g. by using appropriate forms of parental crosses schemes. If we have a large number of inbred lines (genotypes) experiments is carried out with hybrids obtained by crossing a line × tester (testers). Analyzed the expression of characteristics (usually yield) in F1 hybrids, we can assess the value of the breeding lines. An important question is the selection of testers (tester), which should diversify in the maximum degree analyzed trait (yield) in hybrids. In this paper we presents a model for obtaining ranking testers. This may be important diagnostic tool in breeding selection to obtained new hybrids with significant transgressive effects. An example of the results of field experiments were of spring rape. In this experiment, general combining ability (GCA) effects was evaluated in the F1 generation. The results indicate different (depending on the used testers and analyzed traits) evaluate the GCA effects of inbred line. This approach is new to the practice of breeding and may be useful to the effective selection of the best testers

Silene latifolia temporal patterns of volatile induction and suppression after floral interaction by the nursery pollinator, Hadena bicruris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

After 24-hour Hadena bicruris floral interaction on Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) with or without oviposition, we examined temporal volatile emission patterns for 3 days from plants with moth interaction and from neighboring plants only exposed to plant volatiles. Several lilac aldehydes and veratrole were progressively reduced after moth exposure without oviposition (by 30 to 40% after 24 hours and by 60 to 90% after 72 hours), but β -myrcene and β -pinene emissions increased by 200 to 300% only when exposure involved oviposition. Exposing S. latifolia to H. bicruris floral interaction without oviposition yielded no change in volatile organic compound (VOC) emission of neighboring S. latifolia; with oviposition, neighboring plants had 80 to126% increases in emission rates for β -myrcene and β -pinene. Progressive reduction of S. latifolia VOC emission rates might help plants to avoid nursery pollinator oviposition. In contrast, with H. bicruris oviposition on S. latifolia flowers some VOCs (common herbivore induced plant volatiles i. e. HIPVs) were induced. Whether oviposition occurred on S. latifolia strongly influenced neighboring plant VOC emission

Uloga pročišćavanja otpadnih voda u smanjenju onečišćenja površinskih voda zearalenonom

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species in food and feed. The toxicity of ZEA and its metabolites is related to the chemical structure of the mycotoxin, which is similar to naturally occurring oestrogens. Currently, there is increasing awareness of the presence of fungi and their toxic metabolites in the aquatic environment. One of the sources of these compounds are the effluents from wastewater treatment plants. The average annual efficiency of zearalenone reduction in the Łęczyca plant in our three-year study was in the range from 51.35 to 69.70 %. The three-way analysis of variance (year, month, and kind of wastewater) shows that the main effects of all factors and all interactions between them were significant for zearalenone and dissolved organic carbon content. Our findings suggest that wastewater is not the main source of surface water pollution with zearalenone. Future research should investigate the means to reduce ZEA and its migration from the fields through prevention strategies such as breeding for crops, plant debris management (crop rotation, tillage), and/or chemical and biological control.Zearalenon (ZEA) je mikotoksin koji u hrani proizvode neke vrste gljivica roda Fusarium. Njegova toksičnost i toksičnost njegovih metabolita ovisi o kemijskoj strukturi mikotoksina, a djelovanje mu je slično onome prirodnoga estrogena. Sve smo svjesniji važnosti gljivica i njihovih toksičnih metabolita u vodenom okolišu. Jedan od izvora spoja u površinskim vodama jesu i otpadne vode. Naše je trogodišnje praćenje pokazalo da se uspješnost pročišćenja zearalenona iz otpadnih voda kreće u rasponu od 51,35 do 69,70 % na godišnjoj razini. Trostrana analiza varijance (godina, mjesec, vrsta otpadne vode - nepročišćena/pročišćena) upućuje na to da je djelovanje svih čimbenika i svih njihovih međusobnih interakcija značajno utjecalo na razine zearalenona i otopljenog organskog ugljika. Istraživanje je pokazalo da otpadne vode nisu glavni izvor onečišćenja površinskih voda zearalenonom. Buduća bi istraživanja trebala utvrditi preventivne strategije uzgoja, upravljanja ostacima biljke (rotacijom, obradom zemljišta), odnosno tretiranje kemijskim i biološkim sredstvima kojima bi se smanjile razine zearalenona i njegova migracija s polja u vodeni okoliš