Análisis de las condiciones de higiene y seguridad laboral en la empresa Agua Ultra Purificada del Norte en el municipio de Matagalpa del departamento de Matagalpa, en el segundo semestre del año 2015.

El presente trabajo se realizó en la Empresa de AGUA ULTRA PURIFICADA DEL NORTE de la ciudad de Matagalpa, durante el II semestre del año 2015, el estudio consistió en realizar un análisis de la situación actual de la higiene y seguridad laboral en la empresa. El propósito de esta investigación fue examinar a profundidad todos los aspectos sobre higiene y seguridad laboral aplicados en la empresa de AGUA ULTRA PURIFICASA DEL NORTE teniendo como base La Ley 618 “LEY DE SEGURIDAD E HIGIENE LABORAL” y las normas y planes de higiene y seguridad laboral existentes. En el estudio se abordan las principales variables como: Seguridad e higiene laboral, Medidas de protección, prevención de accidente laborales, equipos de protección, prácticas higiénicas y los conocimientos sobre métodos de seguridad e higiene laboral. Las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de información fueron: 1. Entrevista a la Gerente de Producción. 2. Encuestas a los operarios. 3. Método de observación directa. Mediante el análisis aplicado a través de las herramientas y como conclusión general se determinó que la empresa se encuentra en condiciones deficientes en cuanto a higiene y seguridad laboral y que deberá aplicar acciones correctivas en los puntos débiles encontrados: diseño de un plan de higiene y seguridad laboral adaptado a la empresa, capacitaciones a los trabajadores en cuanto a higiene y seguridad, equipos de protección, mantenimiento en las máquinas, condiciones ambientales de trabajo. Por lo cual se recomienda aplicar las correcciones indicadas, las cuales harán que la empresa mejore las condiciones en la que se encuentra en cuanto a higiene y seguridad laboral

Auscultation et surveillance des pertubations hydromécaniques d'ouvrages souterrains par la mesure et l'analyse de la propagation d'ondes dans les roches

International audienceThe excavation of a drift creates a disturbed zone, which is called EDZ (Excavation Disturbed or Damaged Zone). The study of the mechanical characteristics of this zone is essential to estimate the stability of such a drift at short, mean or long term. The propagation of ultrasonic waves is used as a mean of analysis in rock mechanics since the 1960s. Initially, it was used to determine the dynamic elastic properties. Then, it was gradually adapted to the study of the other properties of the material such as cracking, porosity, saturation, etc. With the computer tools continuously more powerful, a more elaborated treatment of the signals became possible, which allows characterization of the "EDZ". The Tests carried out in laboratory, allowed us to correlate P-wave and mechanical parameters of the studied media in elastic and plastic phases. Besides, the mechanical modeling of the EDZ around a drift allows understanding the mechanical phenomena on the scale of the work. Finally, the results of an in-site experiment allowed us to locate the EDZ around an underground mine pillar. It contributed to have a better understanding of the mechanical models available and to estimate the pillar stability.Lorsqu'une galerie est excavée, quelle que soit la méthode d'excavation, la roche encaissante subit des perturbations dans une zone dite EDZ (Excavation Disturbed or Damaged Zone). Ces perturbations peuvent se traduire par différents effets allant d'une faible variation de la pression interstitielle à un endommagement important, voire la rupture de l'ouvrage et peuvent mettre en danger la stabilité d'une partie ou de l'ensemble de l'ouvrage souterrain concerné. L'étude des caractéristiques mécaniques de cette zone " EDZ " est essentielle pour estimer la stabilité de l'ouvrage à court, moyen ou long terme. La propagation des ondes ultrasoniques est utilisée comme moyen d'analyse en mécanique des roches depuis les années 1960. Initialement, elle a été mise au point pour déterminer les modules élastiques dynamiques des roches. Ensuite, elle a progressivement été adaptée à l'étude d'autres propriétés du matériau telles que : fissuration, porosité, saturation, etc. Avec les outils informatiques sans cesse plus puissants, un traitement des signaux plus élaboré est devenu possible, ce qui permet d'envisager la caractérisation de l' " EDZ " par cette méthode. Des essais en laboratoire à la fois acoustiques et mécaniques, nous ont permis de relier qualitativement les paramètres de propagation des ondes et les caractéristiques mécaniques du milieu étudié pendant les phases élastique et plastique. Par ailleurs, la modélisation mécanique de l'EDZ autour d'une galerie permet de comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeux à l'échelle de l'ouvrage. Enfin, les résultats d'une expérimentation in situ ont permis de caractériser la distribution de la zone endommagée autour d'un pilier de mine, ce qui a contribué à la vérification des modèles mécaniques existants et à l'estimation de la stabilité de l'ouvrage

HIV and AIDS related knowledge, source of information, and reported need for further education among dental students in Sudan- a cross sectional study

Background: Information on the HIV and AIDS-related knowledge among dental students provides a crucial foundation for efforts aimed at developing an appropriate dental curriculum on HIV and AIDS, and for attracting the attention of dental school educators towards the subject. Purposes: Focusing on a census of dental students attending their 3rd, 4th and 5th study year at publicly – and privately funded dental faculties in Khartoum, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of dental students' knowledge, sources of information and reported need for further education related to HIV and AIDS. Methods: At the time of the survey (March–May 2007), the total number of dental students registered was 782 of which 642 (response rate 82%, mean age 21.7 year, 72% girls) completed anonymous selfadministered questionnaires in supervised class room settings. Results: A total of 49% and 86% had correct sum scores with respect to knowledge of transmission through contamination and through shaking hands and eating, respectively. About half the dental students recognized a need for further education across HIV related issues, varying from 75% (basic HIV/AIDS related issues) to 84% (patient management). Only 38% of the students had correct sum scores regarding various occupational groups at risk for contacting HIV and AIDS. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to privately funded dental school students, publicly funded dental school students were less likely to have correct knowledge about modes of HIV transmission (OR = 0.6) and occupational risk groups (OR = 0.6) and to have received information from lectures/health care workers (OR = 0.5). Conclusion: Students attending privately funded schools were more knowledgeable about various HIV related issues than students from publicly funded schools. About half of the students investigated had received HIV/AIDS information from various sources and reported need for further education. This suggests that students are not adequately prepared for treating patients with HIV infection and AIDS and that the dental school curriculum needs improvements. Differences between public and private dental schools should be considered when planning such improvements

Error related negativity in observing interactive tasks

Error Related Negativity is triggered when a user either makes a mistake or the application behaves differently from their expectation. It can also appear while observing another user making a mistake. This paper investigates ERN in collaborative settings where observing another user (the executer) perform a task is typical and then explores its applicability to HCI. We first show that ERN can be detected on signals captured by commodity EEG headsets like an Emotiv headset when observing another person perform a typical multiple-choice reaction time task. We then investigate the anticipation effects by detecting ERN in the time interval when an executer is reaching towards an answer. We show that we can detect this signal with both a clinical EEG device and with an Emotiv headset. Our results show that online single trial detection is possible using both headsets during tasks that are typical of collaborative interactive applications. However there is a trade-off between the detection speed and the quality/prices of the headsets. Based on the results, we discuss and present several HCI scenarios for use of ERN in observing tasks and collaborative settings

Radiotherapy dosimetry and the thermoluminescence characteristics of Ge-doped fibres of differing germanium dopant concentration and outer diameter

We examine the influence of elevated dopant concentration on the thermoluminescence characteristics of novel Ge-doped silica fibres. Basic dosimetric characteristics of the TL media were obtained, including linearity, reproducibility, energy dependence, fading, minimum detectable dose and glow curve analysis, use being made of a 60Co gamma irradiation facility (mean energy 1.25 MeV) and an electron linear accelerator producing photons at an accelerating potential of 6 and 10 MV. The 6 mol% Ge-doped fibres were found to provide TL response superior to that of 8- and 10 mol% Ge-doped fibres, both for fibres with outer diameter of 241 µm and 604 µm. Concerning reproducibility, obtained under three different test conditions, at <10% the 6 mol% Ge dopant concentration was observed to provide the superior coefficient of variation (CV). In regard to energy dependence, the 10 mol% Ge doped cylindrical fibres produced the largest gradient values at 0.364 and 0.327 for the 241 µm and 604 µm diameter cylindrical fibres respectively and thus the greatest energy dependency. Measured 33 days post irradiation; the 6 mol% Ge doped cylindrical fibres showed the least TL signal loss, at 21% for the 241 µm cylindrical fibre and <40% for the 604 µm cylindrical fibres. The results also revealed that the 6 mol% optical fibres provided the lowest minimum detectable dose, at 0.027 Gy for 6 MV photon beams. Evaluations of these characteristics are supporting development of novel Ge-doped optical fibres for dosimetry in radiotherapy