Identification of structural controls in an active lava dome with high resolution DEMs:Volcán de Colima, Mexico

Monitoring the topography of active lava domes is critical for detecting changes that may trigger or influence collapse or explosive activity. Internal dome structure and conditions are more difficult to elucidate, but also play vital roles. Here, we describe the exposure (following an explosion) of significant scarps in the active dome at Volcán de Colima, Mexico, that are interpreted as evidence of brittle failure planes and a complex internal dome morphology. In the first use of automated 3D computer vision reconstruction techniques (structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo, SfM-MVS) on an active volcanic dome, we derive high resolution surface models from oblique and archive photographs taken with a consumer camera. The resulting 3D models were geo-referenced using features identified in a web-sourced orthoimage; no ground-based measurements were required. In December 2010, the dome (2.14×106 m3) had a flat upper surface, reflecting an overall ductile emplacement regime. Between then and May 2011, a period of low explosivity was accompanied by a small volume loss (0.4×105 m3) and arcuate steps appeared in the dome surface, suggesting the presence of localized planes of weakness. The complex array of summit scarps was exposed following a significant explosion in June 2011, and is interpreted to be the surface expression of fault planes in the dome. The 1-m resolution DEMs indicated that the region of greatest volume loss was not coincident with the assumed location of the conduit, and that heterogeneity within the dome may have been important during the June explosion

Crisis is governance : sub-prime, the traumatic event, and bare life

The article provides a critical analysis of the role of discourses of trauma and the traumatic event in constituting the ethico-political possibilities and limits of the subprime crisis. It charts the invocation of metaphors of a financial Tsunami and pervasive media focus on emotional ‘responses’ like fear, anger, and blame, suggesting that such traumatic discourses constituted the subprime crisis as a singular and catastrophic ‘event’ demanding of particular (humanitarian) responses. We draw upon the thought of Giorgio Agamben to render this constituted logic of event and response in terms of the concomitant production of bare life; the savers and homeowners who became ‘helpless victims’ in need of rescue. We therefore tie the ongoing production of the sovereign power of global finance to broader processes that entail the enfolding and securing of everyday financial subjects. These arguments are illustrated via an analysis of three subjects: the economy, bankers and borrowers. We argue that it was the movement between subject positions – from safe to vulnerable, from entrepreneurial to greedy, from victim to survivor, etc. - that marked out the effective manner of governance, confirming in this process sovereign categories of financial citizenship, asset based welfare, and securitisation that many would posit as the very problem. In short, (the way that the) crisis (was constituted) is governance

The Potential Influence of Multiple Job Holding on Official Statistics Describing The Rural Workforce: Issues for Data Series and Workforce Policy

The research programme on multiple job holding identified substantial discrepancies between the Census and HLFS series regarding the increasing level of rural multiple job holding 1981 to 2001. Furthermore, evidence from the Time Use Survey suggests that the distribution of second job occupations does not match those for first jobs. This result and qualitative data indicate answers to census questions could lead to under-reporting of some rural occupations "hidden" as second jobs. Any under-reporting of the scale and form of the rural labour force in official statistics has implications for understanding rural occupations and industries, and formulation of rural policies.Census data, rural labour market, multiple job holding, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,

Evaluating change in professional behaviour: issues in design and analysis

Implementing the findings of research to change the behaviour of health care professionals has become an increasingly prominent issue. However, designing valid studies to evaluate different methods of achieving changes requires considerable care and there are a number of pitfalls evident from published previous work. The various steps in the development of an implementation method and issues arising are explored in this text. Aspects include conceptualisation, essential background work, a structured development process, the relative merits of randomised and non-equivalent group designs, the unit of analysis, the role of multi-level models, block designs, economic analysis, and the content or message to be disseminated. An ongoing, large, randomised trial of educational outreach visits by trained pharmacists is used to illustrate some of the issues.behavioural change, implementation methods, economic evaluation, design of trials

Fertility and fertility management in thirteen well-established organic dairy herds in the UK

This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference of the Colloquium of Organic Researchers (COR). Milk production and breeding records from thirteen organic dairy herds were collected between January 1997 and December 1999. Mean lactation yields in the herds ranged from 5127 kg to 7031 kg. Whilst seasonality of calving varied widely between herds, a majority of them (6/13) were autumn calving. Mean calving to first service interval was 80 days (range 68 to 97), and mean calving interval was 385 days (range 370 to 413). The mean number of services per conception was 2.3 (range 1.6 to 3.1). Overall culling rates and culling rates for fertility related problems were at 15.8% and 5.4%, respectively. A preliminary study of selected breeding periods of cows that had a subsequent calving revealed no significant differences in calving interval between high or low yielding cows or between cows with different calving month or parit