Most ankle sprain research is either false or clinically unimportant: A 30-year audit of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Lateral ankle sprain is the most common musculoskeletal injury. Although clinical research in this field is growing, there is a broader concern that clinical trial outcomes are often false and fail to translate into patient benefits. Methods: We audited 30 years of experimental research related to lateral ankle sprain management (n = 74 randomized controlled trials) to determine if reports of treatment effectiveness could be validated beyond statistical certainty. Results: A total of 77% of trials reported positive treatment effects, but there was a high risk of false discovery. Most trials were unregistered and relied solely on statistical significance, or lack of statistical significance, rather than on interpreting key measures of minimum clinical importance (e.g., minimal detectable change, minimal clinically important difference). Conclusion: Future clinical trials must adopt higher standards of reporting and data interpretation. This includes consideration of the ethical responsibility to preregister their research and interpretation of clinical outcomes beyond statistical significance

Pendampingan Konstruksi Dan Operasionalisasi Setnet Berdasarkan Kaji Terap Setnet Di Jeneponto, Sulawesi Selatan

Operating days per year that ensures continuous operation setnet. Assistance during construction continued for operationalization setnet to sustain operations through cooperation setnet technical guidance and management: preparation of backup setnet, care unit set-net, set-net operation, handling set-net catch and utilization of the catch setnet. Research methodology is studied arranging for trials setnet operation in 2012. Based on the results of experiment applied in Jeneponto has inspired a variety of information developed measures setnet fisheries management towards an increasingly comprehensive. Sustainability setnet operation by a group of fishermen setnet followed by an increase in the number of operating days and catch fish to be an important indication for continued development efforts

Declines in marathon performance: Sex differences in elite and recreational athletes

The first aim of this study was to determine the age group at which marathon performance declines in top male and female runners and to compare that to the runners of average ability. Another aim of this of this study was to examine the age-related yearly decline in marathon performance between age group winners and the average marathon finisher. Data from the New York (NYC), Boston, and Chicago marathons from 2001–2016 were analyzed. Age, sex, and location were used in multiple linear regression models to determine the rate of decline in marathon times. Winners of each age group were assessed in 5-year increments from 16 through 74 years old (n = 47 per age group). The fastest times were between 25–34 years old, with overall champion males at 28.3 years old, and overall champion females at 30.8 years old (p = 0.004). At 35 years of age up to 74 years of age, female age group winners had a faster yearly decline in marathon finishing times compared to male age group winners, irrespective of marathon location [women = (min:sec) 2:33 per year, n = 336; men = 2:06 per year, n = 373, p < 0.01]. The median times between each age group only slowed beginning at 50 years old, thereafter the decline was similar between both men and women (women = 2:36, n = 140; men = 2:57, n = 150, p = 0.11). The median times were fastest at Boston and similar between Chicago and NYC. In conclusion, the rate of decline at 35 years old up to 74 years old is roughly linear (adjusted r2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) with female age group winners demonstrating 27 s per year greater decline per year compared to male age group winners.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017212

Enhancing the Delivery of Resveratrol in Humans: If Low Bioavailability is the Problem, What is the Solution?

Resveratrol has emerged as a leading candidate for improving healthspan through potentially slowing the aging process and preventing chronic diseases. The poor bioavailability of resveratrol in humans has been a major concern for translating basic science findings into clinical utility. Although a number of positive findings have emerged from human clinical trials, there remain many conflicting results, which may partially be attributed to the dosing protocols used. A number of theoretical solutions have been developed to improve the bioavailability of resveratrol, including consumption with various foods, micronized powders, combining it with additional phytochemicals, controlled release devices, and nanotechnological formulations. While laboratory models indicate these approaches all have potential to improve bioavailability of resveratrol and optimize its clinical utility, there is surprisingly very little data regarding the bioavailability of resveratrol in humans. If bioavailability is indeed a limitation in the clinical utility of resveratrol, there is a need to further explore methods to optimize bioavailability in humans. This review summarizes the current bioavailability data, focusing on data from humans, and provides suggested directions for future research in this realm

Faces and fitness: attractive evolutionary relationship or ugly hypothesis?

In recent years, various studies have attempted to understand human evolution by examining relationships between athletic performance or physical fitness and facial attractiveness. Over a wide range of five homogeneous groups (n = 327), there is an approximate 3% shared variance between facial attractiveness and athletic performance or physical fitness (95% CI = 0.5-8%, p = 0.002). Further, studies relating human performance and attractiveness often have major methodological limitations that limit their generalizability. Thus, despite statistical significance, the association between facial attractiveness and human performance has questionable biological importance. Here, we present a critique of these studies and provide recommendations to improve the quality of future research in this realm