A Study of the Effects on Students in a Community Consolidated School District in Illinois of Selected Activities Funded Under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify objectives and identify and measure the effects of selected activities supported with Title I Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 funds on disadvantaged students with respect to their academic achievement, social and personal development and class attendance. One East-Central Illinois Public School District was selected for the study. The school district included grades kindergarten through twelve with an enrollment approximating 10,000 during the school years under review. Of that total enrollment, approximately 1500 students each year were classified as eligible for funding purposes. The school years included were 1966-67 through 1970-71 inclusive and the summer school programs from 1967 through 1971 inclusive. Description of Project Activities Standardized achievement test scores and teacher observations were the bases used to make student assignments to the special activities (Title I). The Title I 2 activities available were remedial reading, remedial language arts, and remedial mathematics. A post-test, i.e., another form of the pre-test (placement test) was given to each group at the end of each project year. Procedures A review of the literature including governmental agency documents on the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was conducted. Data gathering was accomplished in the following 1. Project proposals were obtained from school officials. 2. Project objectives and activities were identified. 3. Academic achievement scores, anecdotal records, the results of teacher-made tests, and other supporting data were also obtained from school officials. In addition, a questionnaire was constructed and distributed to administrators, faculty, and paraprofessionals regarding their perceptions of Title I objectives. Some non-Title I respondents in the above categories were also surveyed. Several student inventories and surveys were also developed, administered and the data analyzed. Findings Notwithstanding the number of limitations inherent in a study of this type, it would appear that several conelusions and/or recommendations could be proposed. Disadvantaged students seem to achieve at the same rate as students not classified as disadvantaged if they are provided with adequate innovation, teachers, and supplies to compensate for the deprived backgrounds which they bring into the classroom. ncreased effectiveness might be promoted through: 1. An emphasis on in-service training at all levels. 2. Increased internal dissemination at all levels, particularly aimed at the nonTitle I personnel. 3. Increased concern for evaluation, both short-range and longitudinal. 4. Identifying other measures of success, including retention rates, attendance, non-delinquent behavior, and economic effects on the local community. 5. Promoting parental and other community resource involvement

Performance of Kentucky (Natural Sandstone) Rock Asphalt

Since about 1948, the performance of natural rock asphalt, used extensively in Kentucky and Indiana, has been plagued by a unique type of scaling in the wheel tracks of each traffic lane. This scaling has been typically an eighth to a quarter of an inch thick and has left the pavements rough and unsightly. In some cases, this phenomen has occurred several times in the same place and has caused much deeper rutting. The general condition is illustrated in a series of photographs attached hereto

A Study of the Properties and Performance of Kentucky (Natural Sandstone) Rock Asphalt

Kentucky (natural sandstone) rock asphalt derives its esteem as a highway surfacing material from its uniform appearance on the road, its riding characteristics, and the fact that it affords the highest protection against skidding (slipperiness) of any of the paving materials now generally available (see Appendix IV). The usual methods of handling, steaming, laying and spreading offer some of the conveniences and advantages of a ready-to-use material. Although its service history during the past 50 years has been generally favorable, there has also been a certain amount of risk involved in its use, particularly in recent years on roads sustaining heavy loadings and high volumes of traffic

Atlas of radiation budget measurements from satellites (1962-1970)

December 1974.Includes bibliographical references

The Feasibility of a Using a Smart Button Mobile Health System to Self-Track Medication Adherence and Deliver Tailored Short Message Service Text Message Feedback

BACKGROUND: As many as 50% of people experience medication nonadherence, yet studies for detecting nonadherence and delivering real-time interventions to improve adherence are lacking. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies show promise to track and support medication adherence. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using an mHealth system for medication adherence tracking and intervention delivery. The mHealth system comprises a smart button device to self-track medication taking, a companion smartphone app, a computer algorithm used to determine adherence and then deliver a standard or tailored SMS (short message service) text message on the basis of timing of medication taking. Standard SMS text messages indicated that the smartphone app registered the button press, whereas tailored SMS text messages encouraged habit formation and systems thinking on the basis of the timing the medications were taken. METHODS: A convenience sample of 5 adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who were prescribed antihypertensive medication, participated in a 52-day longitudinal study. The study was conducted in 3 phases, with a standard SMS text message sent in phases 1 (study days 1-14) and 3 (study days 46-52) and tailored SMS text messages sent during phase 2 (study days 15-45) in response to participant medication self-tracking. Medication adherence was measured using: (1) the smart button and (2) electronic medication monitoring caps. Concordance between these 2 methods was evaluated using percentage of measurements made on the same day and occurring within ±5 min of one another. Acceptability was evaluated using qualitative feedback from participants. RESULTS: A total of 5 patients with CKD, stages 1-4, were enrolled in the study, with the majority being men (60%), white (80%), and Hispanic/Latino (40%) of middle age (52.6 years, SD 22.49; range 20-70). The mHealth system was successfully initiated in the clinic setting for all enrolled participants. Of the expected 260 data points, 36.5% (n=95) were recorded with the smart button and 76.2% (n=198) with electronic monitoring. Concordant events (n=94), in which events were recorded with both the smart button and electronic monitoring, occurred 47% of the time and 58% of these events occurred within ±5 min of one another. Participant comments suggested SMS text messages were encouraging. CONCLUSIONS: It was feasible to recruit participants in the clinic setting for an mHealth study, and our system was successfully initiated for all enrolled participants. The smart button is an innovative way to self-report adherence data, including date and timing of medication taking, which were not previously available from measures that rely on recall of adherence. Although the selected smart button had poor concordance with electronic monitoring caps, participants were willing to use it to self-track medication adherence, and they found the mHealth system acceptable to use in most cases

Can decaying modes save void models for acceleration?

The unexpected dimness of Type Ia supernovae (SNe), apparently due to accelerated expansion driven by some form of dark energy or modified gravity, has led to attempts to explain the observations using only general relativity with baryonic and cold dark matter, but by dropping the standard assumption of homogeneity on Hubble scales. In particular, the SN data can be explained if we live near the centre of a Hubble-scale void. However, such void models have been shown to be inconsistent with various observations, assuming the void consists of a pure growing mode. Here it is shown that models with significant decaying mode contribution today can be ruled out on the basis of the expected cosmic microwave background spectral distortion. This essentially closes one of the very few remaining loopholes in attempts to rule out void models, and strengthens the evidence for Hubble-scale homogeneity.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; discussion expanded, appendix added; version accepted to Phys. Rev.

POPULATION RECOVERY OF THE WHOOPING CRANE WITH EMPHASIS ON REINTRODUCTION EFFORTS: PAST AND FUTURE

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) began building a captive whooping crane (Grus americana) colony at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (patuxent), Maryland, in 1966. From 1976 to 1984, 73 eggs from this colony and 216 eggs from Wood Buffalo National Park (Wood Buffalo), Canada, nests were placed in sandhill crane (G. canadensis) nests at Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Grays Lake), Idaho, the site of the first whooping crane reintroduction attempt. Although 84 chicks fledged from the 289 eggs, the egg transfer program has been discontinued because of inordinately high mortality (only ca. 13 birds remain in the wild in 1991) and lack of breeding in survivors. In recent decades new methods have emerged for introducing captive-produced offspring to the wild. Surrogate studies with sandhill cranes, particularly the endangered Mississippi sandhill cranes (G. c. pulla), have shown that young cranes, raised either by captive, conspecific foster parents, or by costumed humans and in close association with live cranes and lifelike crane taxidermic dummies, have high post-release survival rates. These techniques will likely be used in future Whooping crane reintroduction programs. Current recovery objectives for the Whooping crane include expansion of the 2 captive colonies, establishment of a third captive colony in Canada, and reintroduction of 2 additional wild populations. The Kissimmee Prairie in central Florida has been selected for the next release experiment. Evaluation of this site began in 1984, and risk assessment is expected to begin in 1992 with the transfer and monitoring of a group of captivereared, juvenile whooping cranes. These tests of the environment will, if results are favorable, be followed by a full-scale reintroduction effort of at least 20 birds/year beginning in 1994 or 1995