POTENTIAL WATER USE CONFLICTS GENERATED BY IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN RHODE ISLAND

This study constructs a simulation model to evaluate the potential for conflict among residential and agricultural users of water in southern Rhode Island. The model estimates the profitability of irrigation and turf farms and projects the total use and the economic value of irrigation water. The results indicate that the economic value of irrigation water compares favorably with current residential water prices in the area. In addition, substantial demand for irrigation water is projected. Given current rates of growth in turf acreage and residential water use, there appears to be a significant potential for conflict, particularly given the absence of well developed institutions for allocating water among users.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Usage Patterns and Perceptions of the Achievement, Reporting and Innovation System (ARIS)

This report offers the first systematic examination of actual usage of New York City's Achievement Reporting and Innovation System (ARIS). ARIS is a comprehensive data system designed to put student information within easy reach of school administrators and teachers. The findings suggest that ARIS has been used successfully as a school-wide planning tool, but was less valuable as a direct aid to classroom instruction. The Research Alliance will continue its study of ARIS through 2013, including an examination of some of the new components and features that have been developed recently by the Department of Education

Simple foreground cleaning algorithm for detecting primordial B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background

We reconsider the pixel-based, "template" polarized foreground removal method within the context of a next-generation, low-noise, low-resolution (0.5 degree FWHM) space-borne experiment measuring the cosmological B-mode polarization signal in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This method was put forward by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) team and further studied by Efstathiou et al. We need at least 3 frequency channels: one is used for extracting the CMB signal, whereas the other two are used to estimate the spatial distribution of the polarized dust and synchrotron emission. No external template maps are used. We extract the tensor-to-scalar ratio (r) from simulated sky maps consisting of CMB, noise (2 micro K arcmin), and a foreground model, and find that, even for the simplest 3-frequency configuration with 60, 100, and 240 GHz, the residual bias in r is as small as Delta r~0.002. This bias is dominated by the residual synchrotron emission due to spatial variations of the synchrotron spectral index. With an extended mask with fsky=0.5, the bias is reduced further down to <0.001.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted by Ap

Are Patents Impeding Medical Care and Innovation?

This month's debate examines whether the current patent system is crucial for stimulating health research or whether it is stifling biomedical research and impeding medical care. Background to the debate: Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers argue that the current patent system is crucial for stimulating research and development (R&D), leading to new products that improve medical care. The financial return on their investments that is afforded by patent protection, they claim, is an incentive toward innovation and reinvestment into further R&D. But this view has been challenged in recent years. Many commentators argue that patents are stifling biomedical research, for example by preventing researchers from accessing patented materials or methods they need for their studies. Patents have also been blamed for impeding medical care by raising prices of essential medicines, such as antiretroviral drugs, in poor countries. This debate examines whether and how patents are impeding health care and innovation

Interview of James T. Dever

James T. Dever was born in 1945 in the Kensington section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Walter and Ruth Dever. He attended North Catholic High School in Philadelphia and joined the Order of the Oblates of St. Francis de Sales while still in High School. He majored in Theology and English at Catholic University and Allentown College, then received his Master of Arts in English at Villanova University. He taught English at North Catholic High. Ordained as a priest in 1973, Father Dever has been a parish priest, hospital chaplain, and most recently campus minister of the University Ministry and Service (UMAS) at La Salle University

Tenth Anniversary Issue (1995-1996)

For historical reasons we have uploaded PDF files for volumes previously published in paper form. Attached you will find the entire Tenth Anniversary volume 10, no. 1 issue

An Analysis Pipeline for Genome-wide Association Studies

We developed an efficient pipeline to analyze genome-wide association study single nucleotide polymorphism scan results. Purl scripts were used to convert genotypes called using the BRLMM algorithm into a modified PB format. We computed summary statistics characteristic of our case and control populations including allele counts, missing values, heterozygosity, measures of compliance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and several population difference statistics. In addition, we computed association tests, including exact tests of association for genotypes, alleles, the Cochran-Armitage linear trend test, and dominant, recessive, and overdominant models at every single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In addition, pairwise linkage disequilbrium statistics were elaborated, using the command line version of HaploView, which was possible by writing a reformatting script. Additional Perl scripts permit loading the results into a MySQL database conjoined with a Generic Genome Browser (gbrowse) for comprehensive visualization. This browser incorporates a download feature that provides actual case and control genotypes to users in associated genomic regions. Thus, re-analysis “on the fly” is possible for casual browser users from anywhere on the Internet

Putting willpower into decision theory: the person as a team over time and intrapersonal team reasoning

In decision-theory, problems of self-control can be modelled as problems of intrapersonal cooperation, between a series of transient agents who each make choices at particular times. Early agents in the series can try to influence the actions of later agents, but there is no rational way to exert willpower. I show how willpower can be introduced into decision theory by applying the theory of team reasoning, which was originally developed to understand cooperation between individuals in groups and allows that there can be multiple levels of agency, the individual and the team. In the case of intertemporal choice, the levels are the transient agent and the person over time. Intra-personal team reasoning, understood as a psychological process of identifying with the person over time, can generate a plausible theory of rational control if the intertemporal problem is structured as a threshold public goods game. In this framework, willpower is the ability to align one’s present self with one’s extended interests by identifying with the person over time. I show how intra-personal team reasoning creates a space for resolutions in decision theory and how it resolves a puzzle that exists in accounts that understand willpower as making and then not reconsidering resolutions