Progeny Release of Species B Human Adenoviruses Is Not Mediated By Early Region 3 Proteins 20.1K, 20.5k, and 10.9k

The early region 3 (E3) of the human adenovirus (HAdV) genome encodes proteins that regulate the host immune response to viral infection. The E3 region also exhibits the highest level of genetic diversity among the genomes of the six (A-F) species of HAdV. This diversity in genetic content is found primarily between the highly conserved E3-gp19K and RIDα open reading frames (ORFs). It has been previously shown that HAdV-C encodes the adenovirus death protein (ADP) in this location. ADP is an 11.6kDa, transmembrane protein that localizes to the nuclear membrane, and facilitates the efficient release of progeny virions. HAdV-B1 encodes three ORFs, E3-20.1K, E3-20.5K and E3-10.9K, in the analogous region of the viral genome. Since ADP and the three novel HAdV-B1 proteins share several structural characteristics and location in the E3 region, we hypothesized that one or more of these unique ORFs play a similar role to ADP in facilitating viral progeny egress. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed that transcripts of the novel ORFs are expressed at both early and late time points post infection. Through the examination of ectopically expressed EGFP fusion proteins, we demonstrated that E3-20.1K, E3-20.5K and E3-10.9K localize to the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicle-like structures. Localization to intracellular vesicle-like structures was also observed when the novel HAdV-B1 E3 proteins fused with short, C-terminal, epitope tags were expressed from the viral genome. We generated a HAdV-3 knock out mutant virus which lacks the ability to express the E3-20.1K, E3-20.5K, and E3-10.9K proteins to examine whether the products of these ORFs are required for viral replication or play a role in facilitating the release of viral progeny from infected polarized or non-polarized lung epithelial cells. The knock out virus did not show any impaired growth in non-polarized A549 cells or polarized Calu3 cells when compared to wild type virus. The knockout HAdV-B1 mutant also did not show any significant changes in the development of plaques, size of plaques, or dissemination of the virus on cell monolayers. Even though the novel E3-20.1K, E3-20.5K, and 10.9K proteins of HAdV-B1 are encoded in the analogous region of E3 and they share several structural characteristics with ADP, our experimental data show that they do not play a role in the release of progeny virions from infected cells

Experimental Determination of the Insulating Ability of Corn By-Products

This article proposes and experimentally tests a way to better utilize renewable agricultural products that, if successful, will increase revenue for agricultural producers, decrease the amount and cost of disposal of non-renewable products, and decrease the amount of non-renewable products that need to be produced. In this article the insulating ability of ground corn cobs is compared, by experimental tests, to typical fiberglass, cellulose, and Rock Wool insulation. The study found that the insulating ability of ground corn cobs is not as great when compared to typical insulations, but using a greater thickness of insulation made from ground corn cobs or combining this insulation with typical insulations may be beneficial. In conclusion it is valuable to know how the insulating ability of ground corn cobs compares with typical insulations to determine if further research in this area is beneficial and to stimulate other possible ways to use renewable agricultural products

Pekeris waveguide comparisons of methods for predicting acoustic field amplitude uncertainty caused by a spatially uniform environmental uncertainty (L)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98654/1/JAS000589.pd

Half A Moon (Is Better Than No Moon)

Sheet music contains sexist and/or misogynistic language, concepts, and/or imagry promoting rape culture. With Ukulele arrangement. Contains advertisements and/or short musical examples of pieces being sold by publisher.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/6988/thumbnail.jp

Comparative analysis of Dp427-deficient mdx tissues shows that the milder dystrophic phenotype of extraocular and toe muscle fibres is associated with a persistent expression of beta-dystroglycan

The cell biological hypothesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy assumes that deficiency in the membrane cytoskeletal element dystrophin triggers a loss in surface glycoproteins, such as beta-dystroglycan, thereby rendering the sarcolemmal membrane more susceptible to micro-rupturing. Secondary changes in ion homeostasis, such as increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels and impaired luminal Ca2+ buffering, eventually lead to Ca2+-induced myonecrosis. However, individual muscle groups exhibit a graded pathological response during the natural time course of x-linked muscular dystrophy. The absence of the dystrophin isofom Dp427 does not necessarily result in a severe dystrophic phenotype in all muscle groups. In the dystrophic mdx animal model, extraocular and toe muscles are not as severely affected as limb muscles. Here, we show that the relative expression and sarcolemmal localization of the central trans-sarcolemmal linker of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, beta-dystroglycan, is preserved in mdx extraocular and toe fibres by means of two-dimensional immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Thus, with respect to improving myology diagnostics, the relative expression levels of beta-dystroglycan appear to represent reliable markers for the severity of secondary changes in dystrophin-deficient fibres. Immunoblotting and enzyme assays revealed that mdx toe muscle fibres exhibit an increased expression and activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Chemical crosslinking studies demonstrated impaired calsequestrin oligomerization in mdx gastrocnemius muscle indicating that abnormal calsequestrin clustering is involved in reduced Ca2+ buffering of the dystrophic sarcoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies have mostly attributed the sparing of certain mdx fibres to the special protective properties of small-diameter fibres. Our study suggests that the rescue of dystrophin-associated glycoproteins, and possibly the increased removal of cytosolic Ca2+ ions, might also play an important role in protecting muscle cells from necrotic changes

Relating Static and Dynamic Measurements for the Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set

It has previously been noted that, for conventional machine code, there is a strong relationship between static and dynamic code measurements. One of the goals of this paper is to examine whether this same relationship is true of Java programs at the bytecode level. To this end, the hypothesis of a linear correlation between static and dynamic frequencies was investigated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Programs from the Java Grande and SPEC benchmarks suites were used in the analysis

Poster 449 Ketotic Hypoglycemia in RYR‐1 Central Core Myopathy: A Case Report

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147182/1/pmr2s344a.pd

Relating Static and Dynamic Measurements for the Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set

It has previously been noted that, for conventional machine code, there is a strong relationship between static and dynamic code measurements. One of the goals of this paper is to examine whether this same relationship is true of Java programs at the bytecode level. To this end, the hypothesis of a linear correlation between static and dynamic frequencies was investigated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Programs from the Java Grande and SPEC benchmarks suites were used in the analysis

The Effect of the NADPH Oxidase YNO1 on Translational Fidelity

The hypothesized relationship between translational fidelity and ageing is complex, dating back half a century and so far represented by few known conclusions. Translational fidelity is known to remain constant with ageing, but the mechanism through which this is possible is currently a mystery. Recently, the yeast NADPH oxidase Yno1p was implicated in the regulation of translational fidelity, and the relationship between Yno1p and translational fidelity was investigated here in more detail. Through luciferase-based translational fidelity assays, here was shown that YNO1 expression is negatively correlated with high frequency of stop-codon read-through, and this pattern is mimicked by overnight ROS exposure, providing evidence that ROS produced by Yno1p improves translational fidelity. Furthermore, YCK1, YCK2 and HEK2 was shown to be independently essential in mediating the fidelity improvement signal from Yno1p to the translational machinery. Additionally, the mechanism by which hydrogen peroxide exposure and Yno1p improves fidelity appears to be independent, but both can produce additive improvements in fidelity. Using growth assays, overexpression of YNO1 and hydrogen peroxide exposure were both shown to increase sensitivity to nourseothricin (NTC), a translational error- inducing drug. YNO1 was found to be an important regulator of translational fidelity

Serving for a Better World : Selected Proceedings of the 2012 Michigan Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages Conference

https://commons.emich.edu/mitesol/1002/thumbnail.jp