Categoria Profissionais 1° Lugar: Os microfundamentos da corrupção: por que e como as medidas anti-oportunistas devem gerenciar os riscos da corrupção?

A corrupção no Brasil – como em qualquer outro país - decorre da inabilidade em oferecer resistência aos riscos de oportunismo, inerente as transações humanas, mediadas por instituições. Por isso, este ensaio qualitativo, de cunho metodológico, trata de analisar porque e como as medidas antioportunistas, de prevenção e combate à corrupção, devem aperfeiçoar suas capacidades de gerenciar os riscos de corrupção. O principal objetivo do estudo é demonstrar a premência dos esforços de construção e manutenção das capacidades institucionais de resistência à corrupção, que exigem uma transformação fundamental: a substituição das tentativas, metodologicamente, controversas de mensuração, direta ou indireta, da ocorrência de corrupção, em favor de métodos capazes de mensurar e aperfeiçoar a gerência dos riscos de corrupção. Uma proposta inovadora, ainda não incorporada às estratégias anti-oportunistas de órgãos como a Controladoria Geral da União (CGU), responsável pela elaboração destas medidas, no âmbito da administração pública federal do Brasil. Com o objetivo de evidenciar, metodologicamente, a relevância destas mudanças, o estudo: (i) avalia a maneira pela qual a corrupção é analisada hoje, problematizando seus desafios metodológicos (conceituais e de mensuração); (ii) propõe, com base neste diagnóstico, a transformação fundamental da analise da corrupção (apresentando um novo modelo heurístico e explicitando seus microfundamentos); e, (iii) descreve as implicações desta transformação sobre a análise e a avaliação dos riscos de corrupção (discutindo as soluções encontradas na Austrália, por uma agência correlata a CGU).77 páginasÉtica, Cidadania e DiversidadeTexto publicado no III Concurso de monografias da Controladoria Geral da União - 200

La gestión de riesgos en el gobierno federal brasileño: un análisis ministerial

This paper describes the current stage of the development of the ministries’ risk management systems, considering the demands and orientations given by the Joint Normative Instruction MP/CGU n. 01/2016 and the Public Governance Decree (Decree n. 9.203, of November 22, 2017, altered by the Decree n. 9.901, of July 8, 2019). With the intention of identifying how each ministry has been managing the risks that aim at ensuring that the goals of the public policies and the strengthening of their own governance structures will be met, this research formulated indicators that allow cases to be described, based on the recommendations of national and international standards of governance and risk management. The results show that Brazilian ministerial risk management is still incipient, due to the fragile institutionalization associated with political-administrative instability. There is still a need for institutionalizing a culture of risk management and mainly, adopting a long-term perspective in the public sector organizations so that consistent risk management systems can be effectively implemented.Esta pesquisa descreve o estágio atual do desenvolvimento dos sistemas de gerenciamento de riscos dos ministérios, considerando as demandas e orientações da Instrução Normativa Conjunta MP/CGU nº 01/2016 e do Decreto da Governança Pública (Decreto nº 9.203, de 22 de novembro de 2017, alterado pelo Decreto nº 9.901, de 8 de julho de 2019). Com o intuito de identificar como cada ministério tem gerenciado os riscos que visam garantir o cumprimento das metas das políticas públicas e o fortalecimento de suas próprias estruturas de governança, esta pesquisa formulou indicadores que permitem descrever os casos, com base no recomendações dos padrões nacionais e internacionais de governança e gerenciamento de riscos. Os resultados mostram que a gestão de riscos nos ministerios brasileiros ainda é incipiente, devido à frágil institucionalização associada à instabilidade político-administrativa. Há ainda a necessidade de institucionalizar uma cultura de gestão de risco e principalmente adotar uma perspectiva de longo prazo nas organizações do setor público para que sistemas consistentes de gestão de risco possam ser efetivamente implementados.Esta investigación describe la etapa actual del desarrollo de los sistemas de gestión de riesgos de los ministerios, considerando las demandas y orientaciones dadas por la Instrucción Normativa Conjunta MP/CGU n. 01/2016 y por el Decreto de Gobernanza Pública (Decreto n. 9.203, de 22 de noviembre de 2017, modificado por el Decreto n. 9.901, de 8 de julio de 2019). Con la intención de identificar cómo cada ministerio ha manejado los riesgos que objetivan garantizar el cumplimiento de los objetivos de las políticas públicas y el fortalecimiento de sus propias estructuras de gobierno, esta investigación formuló indicadores que permiten describir los casos, en función de recomendaciones de las normas nacionales e internacionales de gobernanza y gestión de riesgos. Los resultados muestran que la gestión de riesgos em los ministerios brasileños aún es incipiente, debido a la frágil institucionalización asociada con la inestabilidad políticoadministrativa. Aún existe la necesidad de institucionalizar una cultura de gestión de riesgos y principalmente adoptar una perspectiva de largo plazo en las organizaciones del sector público para que se puedan implementar de manera efectiva ese tipo de sistema.Revista do Serviço Público - RSP, v. 71, Edição Especial, p. 404-437Análise e Ciência de DadosGestão PúblicaGovernançaISSN Eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN Impresso: 0034-924

Governança, gestão de riscos e integridade

Os mecanismos de governança, gestão de riscos e integridade (GRC) buscam assegurar aos agentes públicos efetivo cumprimento aos objetivos das agências públicas, atingindo níveis superiores de desempenho e garantindo um comportamento em conformidade com os princípios éticos e legais estabelecidos. Esses mecanismos buscam não somente melhorar, mas dar efetividade às decisões, implementando-as de forma a atender os interesses das partes (os cidadãos, os financiadores, os parceiros, os agentes regulados etc.) na resolução dos problemas públicos Com o propósito de contribuir para a disseminação desses princípios, modelos e práticas, cada um desses mecanismos será analisado em detalhe nessa obra, permitindo aos agentes públicos e aos cidadãos conhecer os principais elementos que permitem às agências públicas preservar e aumentar o valor dos serviços prestados à sociedade.Coleção Gestão Pública, v. 05Gestão PúblicaGovernanç

Nutritional status and growth of indigenous Xavante children, Central Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritional status of Xavante Indian children less than 10 years of age in Central Brazil and to evaluate the hypothesis of an association between child nutrition and socioeconomic differentiation in this population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2006 that included all children under the age of 10 from the Xavante village Pimentel Barbosa in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The data collected included weight, height, and sociodemographic information. Sociodemographic data were used to generate two indices ("income" and "wealth") and to determine the proportion of adults in each household. Descriptive analyses were performed for weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A), and weight-for-height (W/H) using the NCHS and the WHO growth references. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using H/A and W/A as a response variables.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of a total of 246 children under the age of ten residing in the village, 232 (94.3%) were evaluated. Following the NCHS reference, 5.6% of children under the age of ten presented low W/A and 14.7% presented low H/A. Among children under the age of five, deficit percentages for weight and height were 4.5% and 29.9%, respectively, following the WHO curves. Among children < 2 years of age, H/A index variability was found to be directly related to child's age and inversely related to the proportion of adults in the household. Maternal BMI was positively associated with growth for children from 2 to 4 years of age, explaining 11.5% of the z-score variability for the H/A index. For children 5 years of age and older, the wealth index and maternal height were positively associated with H/A. No significant associations were found using W/A as the dependent variable.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study demonstrated that undernutrition, in particular linear growth deficit, is a notable health issue for Xavante children. These findings contrast with the nutritional profile observed among Brazilian children nationally, which is characterized by a sharp decline in child undernutrition in recent decades, even in the poorest regions of the country. This discrepancy calls attention to the persistent health disparities that exist between indigenous and non-indigenous people in Brazil.</p

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation.Comment: 39 pages, 19 figure