Synthetic studies in the carbohydrate field

Part I - 2-Deoxy-DL-ribose. Synthetic routes to 2-deoxy-DL-ribose from non-carbohydrate precursors have been investigated and an eight stage synthesis from propargyl alcohol is described. Kojic acid has been elaborated, via a known intermediate, to 2-deoxy-DL-ribose. As an extension of this work a route to the 2,6-dideoxyhexoses from acetylenic precursors is described. Appendix I. The selective addition of hypobromous acid to hex-5-en-2-yn-1-ol is discussed. Appendix II. Some unsuccessful approaches to DL-ribulose from acetylenic precursors have been explored. Part II - Apiose and Cordycepose. A wide variety of synthetic approaches to the branched-chain sugars apiose and cordycepose, from non-carbohydrate precursors, has been studied. The synthesis of 2-phenyl-5-carboxy-1,3-dioxan, a derivative of the saccharinic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl propanoic acid which has not hitherto been synthesised, is described. Part III - Rhodosamine. Routes to the amino-sugar rhodosamine from acetylenic precursors are described. An approach from hept-1-en-4-yn-6-ol has given a compound with the gross structure of DL-aldehydo "rhodosamine" diacetate. Anomalous oxidation of an intermediate amine is discussed in the light of recent investigations

La responsabilité du médiateur textuel

La traduction est un moyen de cerner la vérité et le vrai sens des textes.Cet article tente de définir la règle de conduite traductosophique d’Emmanuel Levinas à partir d’une analyse de ses Nouvelles lectures talmudiques (NLT).Bien que sa pensée ne fût pas explicite sur ce point, Levinas a laissé apercevoir une approche raisonnée de la médiation linguistique qui redéfinit en termes de philosophie morale la responsabilité du traducteur. Sa vision éthique de son rôle comme médiateur textuel nous oblige de revisiter plusieurs concepts clés dont celui d’interprète et d’exégète.Il s’agit de mettre en relief une certaine vision de la responsabilité intertextuelle, réflexive et procédurale du traducteur-exégète face aux sources, au public et à l’autre absolu.Les racines de la pensée de Levinas sur la responsabilité se trouvent à un carrefour où se rencontrent l’autre absolu et autrui. Le médiateur textuel dégage ainsi du texte le vrai sens suivant un sens aigu de responsabilité morale.Cette lecture traductosophique des NLT nous fait découvrir un modèle généralisable chez celui qui est conscient du principe de l’altérité en tant que régulateur du processus et des procédés de médiation linguistique si bien que le rôle du traducteur-exégète en est valorisé.This article describes rules of translation behavior based on an analysis of Emmanuel Levinas’s Nouvelles lectures talmudiques (NLT).Although he did not expressly define this behavior, Levinas alluded to a reasoned approach to language mediation which would allow one to redefine translator responsibility in terms of moral philosophy. His vision of ethics colors our understanding of the role of the textual mediator, thus obliging us to reexamine certain key concepts including those of interpreter and translator-exegete.This vision allows us to highlight a particular view of responsibility – intertextual, reflexive and procedural – with respect to the translator-exegete’s relationship with sources, audience and the absolute other.The foundations of Levinas’s reflexions on responsibility put him at the crossroads where the absolute other and the other meet. Hence, the textual mediator derives from the source text true meaning based on his acute sense of moral responsibility. This philosophical reading of the NLT allows one to discover a translation model which may be generalized and may better sensitize translators to the principle of alterity insofar as it affects the processes and procedures of language mediation and improves the outcome of the translator-exegete’s work

The Benefits and Barriers of Physical Activity among College Students

According to the DHHS, one third of adults in the United States do not participate in enough physical activity (Coronado, Sos, Talbot, Do & Taylor, 2010). Physical inactivity is a serious health problem among university students, (Irwin, 2007, p.40). This poses a great danger to students who have serious health issues. Thirty-seven percent of the college student population is overweight, with 11 % being obese, (Berg, An, Ahluwalia, 2013, p. 389). Even though the benefits of participating in physical activity are proven to increase psychological and physiological health, many college students do not meet the minimal recommendations for physical activity (Kilpatrick, Herbert & Bartholomew, 2005). Obesity has increased among college students due to lack of exercise and sedentary lifestyle, such as long periods of sitting and inactivity (Bragg, Carolyn, Kaye & Desmond, 2009). Specifically, weight gain in the first few years of college is becoming an important concern affecting the likelihood that more young adults are, or will become obese, (Gruber, 2008, p.557). On average, weight gain is greater among college students compared to the general population (English, 2009). However, students can improve their health by including exercise 5 days each week for 30 min (English, 2009). Students have an array of physical activity options available to them through campus recreational facilities; for example, recreational sports, games, weight lifting, swimming, or outdoor activities. These activities range from moderate to vigorous intensity levels (Coronado, Sos, Talbot, Do & Taylor, 2010). While it may appear simplistic to engage in these activities, there are challenges and barriers that can impede students from reaping the benefits of physical activity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the benefits and challenges of physical activity for college students

Sexual Attitudes as Predictors of Homonegativity in College Women

Rancorous attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men are widespread in the United States (Morrison, Parriag, & Morrison, 1999). Homonegativity is any prejudicial attitude or discriminatory behavior directed toward an individual because of his or her homosexual orientation (Morrison, McLeod, Morrison, Anderson, & O’Connor, 1997). A small amount of research has been done regarding women’s attitudes towards lesbians. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between sexual attitude expression and homonegativity. It was hypothesized that females with conservative sexual attitudes would show higher levels of homonegativity, and females with liberal sexual attitudes should show more non-homonegative expression towards lesbians. A correlation analysis supported the hypothesis (r =.73, p \u3c .01) indicating a positive correlation

University of Montana faces more students, faculty: different costs this fall

This article introduces the theme of the Special Issue on “Debating evolutions in science, technology and society: Ethical and ideological perspectives.” Its starts from the idea that new advances in science and in technology, new evolutions in society, politics and culture bring with them the need to update linguistic resources at different levels in order to be able to talk about them and accommodate new concepts. Thus they inevitably result in an impact on language and discourse that goes well beyond vocabulary and terminology. They change patterns of thinking, reasoning and conceptualizing, leading to new representations and new discourses. In particular, representation of evolutions in texts addressed to the general public involves the transfer of domain-specific knowledge to various non-specialist audiences and its recontextualization and transformation to be made accessible to the non-specialist. That is why it can never be neutral, even when the writer has the best intentions in terms of accuracy and honesty. The focus of this introductory article is in particular on the notion of discursive frame, frames being cognitive perceptual structures that either subconsciously or strategically influence participants on how to “hear or how to say” something. It shows that framing, selecting and perspectivising are inevitable in knowledge dissemination and transmission, and argues that since they are so effective, discourse frames are a powerful ideological instrument, capable of influencing the public perception of the most crucial issues in society

The State of Fraternity and Sorority Life in Higher Education

Since the establishment of the first fraternity Phi Beta Kappa in 1776, fraternities and sororities have had a 200-year-old history on college campuses in the United States. Fraternity and sorority life has become an important opportunity for students to get involved, gain leadership skills, and develop into global citizens. Despite a long standing history, the threat on the sustainability of these organizations has increased over the years. Hazing, alcohol abuse, and negative media attention have created challenges for Greek-letter organizations. The purpose of this article is to explore the historical context of fraternity and sorority life, the issues that are impacting the Greek community, and provide recommendations for student affairs professionals

Debating evolutions in science, technology and society: Ethical and ideological perspectives. An introduction

This article introduces the theme of the Special Issue on “Debating evolutions in science, technology and society: Ethical and ideological perspectives.” Its starts from the idea that new advances in science and in technology, new evolutions in society, politics and culture bring with them the need to update linguistic resources at different levels in order to be able to talk about them and accommodate new concepts. Thus they inevitably result in an impact on language and discourse that goes well beyond vocabulary and terminology. They change patterns of thinking, reasoning and conceptualizing, leading to new representations and new discourses. In particular, representation of evolutions in texts addressed to the general public involves the transfer of domain-specific knowledge to various non-specialist audiences and its recontextualization and transformation to be made accessible to the non-specialist. That is why it can never be neutral, even when the writer has the best intentions in terms of accuracy and honesty. The focus of this introductory article is in particular on the notion of discursive frame, frames being cognitive perceptual structures that either subconsciously or strategically influence participants on how to “hear or how to say” something. It shows that framing, selecting and perspectivising are inevitable in knowledge dissemination and transmission, and argues that since they are so effective, discourse frames are a powerful ideological instrument, capable of influencing the public perception of the most crucial issues in society