Keragaman Genetik Dan Heritabilitas Karakter Komponen Hasil Pada Populasi F2 Buncis (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Hasil Persilangan Varietas Introduksi Dengan Varietas Lokal

Pada tahun 2012, telah dilakukan persilangan antara buncis varietas introduksi dengan varietas lokal dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan buncis yang berproduktivitas tinggi dengan warna polong kuning dan ungu. Individu F1 dari persilangan tersebut kemudian diselfing sehingga didapatkan generasi F2. Pada generasi F2, tanaman akan mengalami segregasi, sehingga akan menyebabkan keragaman. Keragaman genetik yang luas dan tingkat heritabilitas akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan seleksi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pendugaan nilai keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas beberapa karakter komponen hasil pada populasi F2 buncis hasil persilangan tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Junwatu, Desa Junrejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu pada bulan April hingga Juli 2013. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode single plant dengan menanam Populasi F2 (Cherokee Sun × Gilik Ijo) dan dua populasi tetua (Cherokee Sun dan Gilik Ijo). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakter umur awal berbunga, umur awal panen, jumlah polong per tanaman, dan berat polong per tanaman memiliki keragaman genetik luas dengan nilai heritabilitas tinggi. Karakter panjang polong dan berat polong memiliki keragaman genetik sempit dengan nilai heritabilitas sedang, sedangkan karakter diameter polong memiliki keragaman genetik sangat sempit dengan nilai heritabilitas rendah. Karakter kualitatif cenderung memiliki keragaman genetik sempit dengan nilai heritabilitas tinggi

Gender inequalities and academic journal publishing: The view from the Journal of American Studies

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this recordThis virtual special issue is the outcome of a project entitled Women and JAS, which was launched by the coeditors of the Journal of American Studies in October 2019 to document the involvement of women in the journal's day-to-day business from its inception in 1956 as the Bulletin of the British Association for American Studies. The project arises out of – and will hopefully contribute to – larger conversations about the progression of women scholars in academia. While the UK and US higher-education contexts (the contexts most pertinent to this discussion) differ, there are notable similarities in terms of the relationship between gender and career advancement. Both witness attrition of women from academia as they progress from undergraduate studies to PhD and beyond; both see disproportionate numbers of women scholars employed in precarious, part-time and/or teaching-only roles; both see a very low proportion of women in senior professorial roles; fewer women in both locations apply for (and are, therefore, awarded) major grants. In the UK, specifically, recent conversations around gender inequality in higher education have revolved around issues (and initiatives) such as the gender pay gap, Athena SWAN, sexual harassment and the effects of nondisclosure agreements (NDAs), caring responsibilities and affective labour

Multistage optimal homotopy asymptotic method for solving initial-value problems

In this paper, a new approximate analytical algorithm namely multistage optimal homotopy asymptotic method (MOHAM) is presented for the first time to obtain approximate analytical solutions for linear, nonlinear and system of initial value problems (IVPs).This algorithm depends on the standard optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM), in which it is treated as an algorithm in a sequence of subinterval. The main advantage of this study is to obtain continuous approximate analytical solutions for a long time span.Numerical examples are tested to highlight the important features of the new algorithm.Comparison of the MOHAM results, standard OHAM, available exact solution and the fourth-order Runge Kutta (RK4) reveale that this algorithm is effective, simple and more impressive than the standard OHAM for solving IVPs

An Analyses of Onion Marketing in Toro District of Toro Local Government Area in Bauchi State, Nigeria

The broad objective of the study was to determine the profitability and marketing efficiency of onion marketing in Toro District of Toro local government area in Bauchi State. Questionaire was the main instrument of data collection from a sample of fourty (40) onion traders in the study area. Analytical tools used were; descriptive statistics, gross margin, marketing margin and market efficiency. Majority (67.5%) of the respondents were males. Also, majority (55%) of onion Traders falls within the age bracket of 41 - 50 years of age, the result indicates high proportions (85.00%) of the respondents were educated. The years of Onion marketing experience of the respondents indicates that half of the respondents (50%) had 11 - 20 years of marketing experience in onion trading and the study also indicates that majority (52.50%) went into onions marketing with money between ₦21,000:00 - ₦30,000:00. Greater proportion (87.50%) of the respondents belongs to cooperative associations. Major problems of onion marketing identified were those of transportation, storage facilities, starting capital, market information and low price. Result of the costs and returns analysis revealed that onion marketing was profitable to the turn of N1,315.00 per bag for wholesale and N2,020.00 per bag for retail traders of onion marketers respectively. This finding also indicated that marketing of onion is efficient with total efficiency of 141.28% for wholesalers and 150.80% for retailers. Proper functional programmes and policies should be made to improve onion production and marketing in the study area

Bugs on Cuffs and Pockets: A Cross-sectional Study of the Contamination of Healthcare Personnel Attire at Salmanyia Medical Complex

Background: Hospital acquired infections increase the morbidity and mortality of the inpatient population. Pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci are transmitted by direct contact or transmitted by fomites such as healthcare personnel’s attires. This is a cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence ofcontamination of the attires of healthcare personnel working atSalmanyia Medical Complex. Method: We randomly selected 100 doctors and nurses working in different departmentsand swabbed their attire's sleeves and pockets. We then stored both swabs in their accompanying syringe that contains a bacterial transportation media, and sent them to the lab for culturing. SPSS 23 was used for data entry and analysis. After that, percentages and frequencies were computed for different categorical variables, and a cross-tabulation was computed between each two categorical variables. Chi-Squared test was used to determine whether there were significant relationships between each two categorical variables. Results:Of the total samples, 44 pocket and 45 cuff samples were contaminated with staphylococcus epidermidis (skin flora). Thirty eight participants were found to have contamination of both the cuff and pocket. Nurseshad slightly higher prevalence of cuff contamination than doctors (P=0.032). Amongst doctors, surgeons had the highest prevalence (P=0.006). Discussion:Compared to the data available in the literature, our data did not reveal contamination with significant pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus or MRSA.Nevertheless, contamination with staphylococcus epidermidis could be whether from autoinoculation or contamination from the hospital environment and could correlate to level of hygiene. Frequent washing of attire doesn’t reduce the level of contamination

Numerical solution of n’th order fuzzy initial value problems by six stages

The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical approach to solve fuzzy initial value problems (FIVPs) involving n-th order ordinary differential equations.The idea is based on the formulation of the six stages Runge-Kutta method of order five (RKM56) from crisp environment to fuzzy environment followed by the stability definitions and the convergence proof.It is shown that the n-th order FIVP can be solved by RKM56 by transforming the original problem into a system of first-order FIVPs. The results indicate that the method is very effective and simple to apply.An efficient procedure is proposed of RKM56 on the basis of the principles and definitions of fuzzy sets theory and the capability of the method is illustrated by solving second-order linear FIVP involving a circuit model problem

Nineteen novel NPHS1 mutations in a worldwide cohort of patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS)

Background. Recessive mutations in the NPHS1 gene encoding nephrin account for ∼40% of infants with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS). CNS is defined as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) within the first 90 days of life. Currently, more than 119 different mutations of NPHS1 have been published affecting most exons. Methods. We here performed mutational analysis of NPHS1 in a worldwide cohort of 67 children from 62 different families with CNS. Results. We found bi-allelic mutations in 36 of the 62 families (58%) confirming in a worldwide cohort that about one-half of CNS is caused by NPHS1 mutations. In 26 families, mutations were homozygous, and in 10, they were compound heterozygous. In an additional nine patients from eight families, only one heterozygous mutation was detected. We detected 37 different mutations. Nineteen of the 37 were novel mutations (∼51.4%), including 11 missense mutations, 4 splice-site mutations, 3 nonsense mutations and 1 small deletion. In an additional patient with later manifestation, we discovered two further novel mutations, including the first one affecting a glycosylation site of nephrin. Conclusions. Our data hereby expand the spectrum of known mutations by 17.6%. Surprisingly, out of the two siblings with the homozygous novel mutation L587R in NPHS1, only one developed nephrotic syndrome before the age of 90 days, while the other one did not manifest until the age of 2 years. Both siblings also unexpectedly experienced an episode of partial remission upon steroid treatmen

Preparation of polycaprolactone nanoparticles via supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of emulsions

Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles were produced via supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions (SFEE) using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The efficiency of the scCO2 extraction was investigated and compared to that of solvent extraction at atmospheric pressure. The effects of process parameters including polymer concentration (0.6–10% w/w in acetone), surfactant concentration (0.07 and 0.14% w/w) and polymer-to-surfactant weight ratio (1:1–16:1 w/w) on the particle size and surface morphology were also investigated. Spherical PCL nanoparticles with mean particle sizes between 190 and 350 nm were obtained depending on the polymer concentration, which was the most important factor where increase in the particle size was directly related to total polymer content in the formulation. Nanoparticles produced were analysed using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that SFEE can be applied for the preparation of PCL nanoparticles without agglomeration and in a comparatively short duration of only 1 h

Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Patients In Saudi Arabia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Autosomal recessive ataxias represent a group of clinically overlapping disorders. These include ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type1 (AOA1), ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) and ataxia-telangiectasia-like disease (ATLD). Patients are mainly characterized by cerebellar ataxia and oculomotor apraxia. Although these forms are not quite distinctive phenotypically, different genes have been linked to these disorders. Mutations in the <it>APTX </it>gene were reported in AOA1 patients, mutations in <it>SETX </it>gene were reported in patients with AOA2 and mutations in <it>MRE11 </it>were identified in ATLD patients. In the present study we describe in detail the clinical features and results of genetic analysis of 9 patients from 4 Saudi families with ataxia and oculomotor apraxia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study was conducted in the period between 2005-2010 to clinically and molecularly characterize patients with AOA phenotype. Comprehensive sequencing of all coding exons of previously reported genes related to this disorder (<it>APTX</it>, <it>SETX </it>and <it>MRE11</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A novel nonsense truncating mutation c.6859 C > T, R2287X in <it>SETX </it>gene was identified in patients from one family with AOA2. The previously reported missense mutation W210C in <it>MRE11 </it>gene was identified in two families with autosomal recessive ataxia and oculomotor apraxia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Mutations in <it>APTX </it>, <it>SETX </it>and <it>MRE11 </it>are common in patients with autosomal recessive ataxia and oculomotor apraxia. The results of the comprehensive screening of these genes in 4 Saudi families identified mutations in <it>SETX </it>and <it>MRE11 </it>genes but failed to identify mutations in <it>APTX </it>gene.</p

Stigma and labour market outcomes: sex work and domestic work in India

In this paper, we examine whether the earnings of sex workers in India are significantly different from those in domestic work, a trade that is also gendered in nature and can be done with similarly low levels of training and education. We analyse this using data collected during fieldwork in the cities of Kolkata and Delhi in India. Our results confirm that there is a significant difference in wages between the two groups of workers. We consider the extent to which the stigma attached to sexwork contributes to the higher wages in this occupation relative to domestic work. To do this, we control for endogeneity caused by selection on unobservables. We find that stigma is a significant contributory factor to the wage differential. We also preliminarily consider an alternate explanation – that of violence in the trade. We find that the experience of violence in the trade does not affect the take home earnings of the individuals