Faktor Sosial Ekonomi yang Berhubungan dengan Pengalihan Kebun Karet ke Kebun Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Pamenang Kabupaten Merangin

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1). Untuk mengetahui faktor sosial ekonomi apa saja yang ada pada petani kebun karet yang beralih ke kebun kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Pamenang Kabupaten Merangin, 2). Untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi dengan petani kebun karet yang beralih ke kebun kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 Mei – 20 Juni 2013. Penelitian ini dilakukan didua Desa, Desa Pelakar Jaya dan Tanah Abang. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data skunder. Untuk memperoleh data yang lebih mendalam dilakukan wawancara (In-depht interview) dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial ekonmi di daerah penelitian tergolong tinggi, namun dari faktor sosial ekonomi itu hanya pengetahuan berusahatani dan motif ekonomi yang mempunyai hubungan yang sangat nyata terhadap pengalihan kebun karet ke kebun kelapa sawit, sedangkan pengalaman berusahatani, jumlah tanggungan keluarga dan harapan pendapatan USAhatani tidak terdapat hubungan yang nyata terhadap pengalihan kebun karet ke kebun kelapa sawit. Pengalihan lahan perlu peran dan bimbingan penyuluh lapangan dan pemerintah agar lebih sesuai dengan yang diinginkan, petani juga perlu mempertimbangkan terlebih dahulu apakah USAhatani ini menguntungkan atau justru sebaliknya

The performance of modified jatropha-based nanofluid during turning process

The industry's extensive use of petroleum-based metalworking fluid (MWF) harms the environment and humans. The production of bio-based MWF, especially from crude jatropha oil (CJO), has therefore taken numerous initiatives. This aimed to formulate newly modified jatropha oil (MJO) with the addition of 0.05wt.% hBN and 0.05wt.% MoS2 as the nanofluid for MWF. The performance of the nanofluids was determined through the turning process in terms of cutting temperature, workpiece surface roughness, tool life and tool wear of the tool lubricated by the nanofluids. The performance of the nanofluid samples was compared with the synthetic ester (SE). From the results, after conducted 100mm axial cutting length MJO+hBN+MoS2 recorded the lowest in cutting temperature and surface roughness compared to all samples. The result shows that MJO+hBN+MoS2 has longer tool life (6500mm) compared to SE (6000mm). Abrasion and adhesion were observed as the dominant tool wear mechanism. In conclusion, MJO+hBN+MoS2 shows better machining performance and has the potential to be an environmentally friendly metalworking fluid

Experimental analysis of tribological performance of modified jatropha oil enriched with nanoparticle additives for machining application

The intensified developments of the vegetable-based metalworking fluids have been growing rapidly due to the environmental and health issue of the utilization of the mineral based oil. The vegetable oils are a great potential substitution of the mineral based oil which has been explored in recent years due to their high biodegradability, renewability and low toxicity in comparable with mineral oil. Non-edible vegetable oil had attracted an attention of the researches in contrast with edible oil which significantly compete with the human food supply. The main focus of this study was to evaluate a new formulation of vegetable-based nanofluid from chemically modified jatropha oil (MJO) blended with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphene and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles at 0.05 wt.% concentration. The physicochemical testing was carried out in term of kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and flash point and was compare with commercial synthetic ester (SE). The analysis of MJO mixed with nanoparticles in the perspective of it tribological has been performed through a four ball tribo testing to determine the coefficient of friction, mean wear scar diameter, friction torque, surface roughness and volume wear rate. The results showed that the tribological performance the MJO+0.05wt.% CuO exhibit lowest value in of coefficient of friction and friction torque followed by MJO+0.05wt.% graphene, MJO+0.05wt.% hBN and SE. Nevertheless, the MJO+0.05wt.% graphene and MJO+0.05wt.% hBN provided the significant improvement by providing the lowest value of the mean wear scar diameter and surface roughness respectively. It concluded that the modified jatropha oil enriched with nanoparticles had a great improvement on their tribological performance, hence it’s a highly potential substitution of the SE for machining process

Rancang Bangun Alat Panjat Kelapa Portable

Pemanjatan kelapa umumnya dilakukan secara tradisional yaitu dengan memanjat pohon kelapa secara langsung tanpa menggunakan alat. Pemanjatan secara langsung mempunyai resiko kecelakaan yang besar, karena tidak adanya pengaman saat memanjat. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dirancang sebuah alat panjat kelapa portable yang aman, nyaman dan mudah dioperasikan karena dilengkapai dengan safety belt. Alat ini bekerja melalui efek jeratan pada pohon kelapa Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil kecepatan pemanjatan dengan alat panjat kelapa portable ini adalah 0.27 meter/detik, kecepatan pemetikan 3 detik/buah dan biaya pokok alat Rp. 8,02 /meter. Dengan alat ini pemanjat lebih bebas menggunakan kedua tangan dalam membersihkan tajuk kelapa dan pemetikannya karena tubuh kita ditopang/ditahan oleh safety belt. Secara umum alat ini efektif digunakan untuk melakukan pemanjatan kelapa

Industrial Training as Gateway to Engineering Career: Experience Sharing

AbstractToday's engineering education demands in-depth theoretical knowledge as well as hands-on exposure to the profession. Traditionally, theoretical engineering education is achieved in campus through direct teaching and laboratory learning. However, hands-on exposure or real world confrontation provides engineering students with on-the-job experience. This helps them to decide whether their skills and industry are a good match. For specialised industries, such as manufacturing, aerospace and electronics, industrial training provides the opportunity for students to gain the most rewarding and enlightening working experience in related companies. This paper examines the industrial training experience gained by the students through a 12-week attachment period specifically looking at whether the companies have been successful in providing a relevant engineering workplace experience. A few industrial training experiences by students will be shared highlighting the positive and negative aspects. This study also suggests some steps that can be taken to ensure companies run industrial training programs that do meet the faculty's expectation

Diversity of Cellulolytic Microbes and the Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste by a Potential Strain

Municipal solid waste contains high amounts of cellulose, which is an ideal organic waste for the growth of most of microorganism as well as composting by potential microbes. In the present study, Congo red test was performed for screening of microorganism, and, after selecting a potential strains, it was further used for biodegradation of organic municipal solid waste. Forty nine out of the 250 different microbes tested (165 belong to fungi and 85 to bacteria) produced cellulase enzyme and among these Trichoderma viride was found to be a potential strain in the secondary screening. During the biodegradation of organic waste, after 60 days, the average weight losses were 20.10% in the plates and 33.35% in the piles. There was an increase in pH until 20 days. pH however, stabilized after 30 days in the piles. Temperature also stabilized as the composting process progressed in the piles. The high temperature continued until 30 days of decomposition, after which the temperature dropped to 40°C and below during the maturation. Good quality compost was obtained in 60 days

Optimization for the Production of Cellulase Enzyme from Municipal Solid Waste Residue by Two Novel Cellulolytic Fungi

The main purpose of this study is to reduce the production cost of cellulase by optimizing the production medium and using an alternative carbon source such as municipal solid waste residue. In the present investigation, we aim to isolate the two novel cellulase producing fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp.) from municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste residue (4-5% (w/v)) and peptone and yeast extract (1.0% (w/v)) were found to be the best combination of carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of cellulase by A. niger and Trichoderma sp. Optimum temperature and pH of the medium for the cellulase production by A. niger were 40°C and 6-7, whereas those for the production of cellulase by Trichoderma sp. were 45°C and 6.5. Cellulase production from A. niger and Trichoderma sp. can be an advantage as the enzyme production rate is normally higher as compared to other fungi

Association of TNF-α G308A gene polymorphism in essential hypertensive patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus

This study aims to investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) G308A gene polymorphism on essential hypertension (EHT) with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The project was conducted on buccal epithelial and blood cells for case and control patients, respectively. Epithelial cells were obtained from the inner part of the cheeks. Techniques including DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were utilized to assess biomarkers of DNA damage. Our results demonstrated significant differences between wild and mutated genotypes among EHT patients without T2DM. We also found a significant association between wild and mutated allele frequencies in EHT patients (P < 0.05). Clinical characteristics between the groups (EHT with or without T2DM and controls) showed statistically significant association (P < 0.05). Overall, we show that G308A polymorphism of the TNF-αgene may be a significant genetic risk factor for EHT without T2DM patients in Malaysia