Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance of Helimagnet Tunnel Junctions

We theoretically investigate the angular and spin dependent transport in normal-metal/helical-multiferroic/ferromagnetic heterojunctions. We find a tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) effect due to the spiral magnetic order in the tunnel junction and to an effective spin-orbit coupling induced by the topology of the localized magnetic moments in the multiferroic spacer. The predicted TAMR effect is efficiently controllable by an external electric field due to the magnetoelectric coupling

From RHIC to EIC: Nuclear Structure Functions

We study the nuclear structure function $F_2^A$ and its logarithmic derivative in the high energy limit (small $x$ region) using the Color Glass Condensate formalism. In this limit the structure function $F_2$ depends on the quark anti-quark dipole-target scattering cross section $N_F (x_{bj}, r_t, b_t)$. The same dipole cross section appears in single hadron and hadron-photon production cross sections in the forward rapidity region in deuteron (proton)-nucleus collisions at high energy, i.e. at RHIC and LHC. We use a parameterization of the dipole cross section, which has successfully been used to describe the deuteron-gold data at RHIC, to compute the nuclear structure function $F_2^A$ and its log $Q^2$ derivative (which is related to gluon distribution function in the double log limit). We provide a quantitative estimate of the nuclear shadowing of $F_2^A$ and the gluon distribution function in the kinematic region relevant to a future Electron-Ion Collider.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Distribusi Perokok Berdasarkan Berbagai Latar Belakang Demografi (Menurut Data Susenas 2001 Dan 1995)

Smoking habit is a pleasure for a person and may be dangerous for the others. The main ingredient of cigarette, kretek and cigar is tobacco. Tobacco has been known to contain a lot of chemical substances including nicotin, alkaloids, safrol, ammonia and tar whichare harmful to health. This study was carried out to depict smokers among community in any characteristics of demographic background. The data of smoking habit among peoples of 15 years old or above were collected from the National Health Survey (Survey Kesehatan Nasional) and Household Health Survey (SKRT) 2001 and 1995. More than 12.000 respondents had been interviewed. The result showed that during the last five years the proportion of smokers was increasing in all age groups among male but decreasing among female. Smokers were most prevalence in low educated population and in rural areas. The prevalence was also found to be higher in Sumatera compared to those in Java or eastern part of Indonesia. It is suggested that serious measures should be taken against the campaign of tobacco company including strengtheninglaw enforcement and enhance punishment to the people or company violating the tobacco regulation

Magnetotransport and spin dynamics in an electron gas formed at oxide interfaces

We investigate the spin-dependent transport properties of a two-dimensional electron gas formed at oxides' interface in the presence of a magnetic field. We consider several scenarios for the oxides' properties, including oxides with co-linear or spiral magnetic and ferroelectric order. For spiral multiferroic oxides, the magnetoelectric coupling and the topology of the localized magnetic moments introduce additional, electric field controlled spin-orbit coupling that affects the magneto-oscillation of the current. An interplay of this spin-orbit coupling, the exchange field, and of the applied magnetic field results in a quantum, gate-controlled spin and charge Hall conductance

The Practical Challenges of Litigating and Trying a Claim for Attorney Fees to a Jury in Minnesota: Providing Minnesota’s District Court Judges, Lawyers, and Litigants the Guidance and Predictability They Need

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Improving route discovery in on-demand routing protocols using local topology information in MANETs

Most existing routing protocols proposed for MANETs use flooding as a broadcast technique for the propagation of network control packets; a particular example of this is the dissemination of route requests (RREQs), which facilitate route discovery. In flooding, each mobile node rebroadcasts received packets, which, in this manner, are propagated network-wide with considerable overhead. This paper improves on the performance of existing routing protocols by reducing the communication overhead incurred during the route discovery process by implementing a new broadcast algorithm called the adjusted probabilistic flooding on the Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. AODV [3] is a well-known and widely studied algorithm which has been shown over the past few years to maintain an overall lower routing overhead compared to traditional proactive schemes, even though it uses flooding to propagate RREQs. Our results, as presented in this paper, reveal that equipping AODV with fixed and adjusted probabilistic flooding, instead, helps reduce the overhead of the route discovery process whilst maintaining comparable performance levels in terms of saved rebroadcasts and reachability as achieved by conventional AODV\@. Moreover, the results indicate that the adjusted probabilistic technique results in better performance compared to the fixed one for both of these metrics

Electrical writing, deleting, reading, and moving of magnetic skyrmioniums in a racetrack device

A magnetic skyrmionium (also called 2$\pi$-skyrmion) can be understood as a skyrmion - a topologically non-trivial magnetic whirl - which is situated in the center of a second skyrmion with reversed magnetization. Here, we propose a new optoelectrical writing and deleting mechanism for skyrmioniums in thin films, as well as a reading mechanism based on the topological Hall voltage. Furthermore, we point out advantages for utilizing skyrmioniums as carriers of information in comparison to skyrmions with respect to the current-driven motion. We simulate all four constituents of an operating skyrmionium-based racetrack storage device: creation, motion, detection and deletion of bits. The existence of a skyrmionium is thereby interpreted as a '1' and its absence as a '0' bit.Comment: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Scientific Reports. The final authenticated version is available online at [DOI

Identification of six potato virus Y isolates from Saudi Arabia

Six potato virus Y (PVY) were isolated from 20 potato plants (Solanum tuberosum sp. tuberosum L.) from the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia showing leaf systemic symptoms (necrotic spots and mild mosaicism). 16 virus-infected plants gave positive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results with PVY commercial antiserum. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of rod-shaped particles (300 × 17 nm). Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated the 34 kDa viral coat protein and agarose gel of the immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) products indicated the 800 bp cp gene. The sequences were aligned together, narrowed to six (one PVY-N and five PVY-O isolates) and then aligned with all published worldwide PVY cp sequences. The highest similarity index among the six isolates was shown between PVY-saudi-O1 and PVY-saudi-O4 (99.9%), while the least involved PVY-saudi-N and PVY-saudi-O3 (99.1%). The phylogenetic analysis of the cp gene nucleotide sequence revealed a cluster of PVY-saudi-N and the Egyptian strain GU980964. The results indicate the need for more sensitive detection of the virus in the imported seeds or tubers from countries, especially in the Middle East like Egypt, to avoid high threat to the Saudi potato trade.Key words: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), coat protein (CP), sequence alignment, similarity index

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Refrigerant Pump

An electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump increases refrigerant flow rate and the resulting pressure in a vapor compression based cooling system for permitting reduced compressor sizes and power demands. The EHD pump disposes electrodes in a liquid path of the refrigerant flow, and increases fluid flow and resulting pressure by an induced liquid flow between a pair of asymmetric electrodes. Voltage applied to these electrodes results in a conduction pumping mechanism associated with heterocharge layers in the vicinity of the electrodes based on disassociation of a neutral electrolyte species in the refrigerant fluid and recombination of the generated ions. The induced flow draws the liquid due to a net fluid flow toward one of the electrodes based on the asymmetry of the electrode pair. Electrodes are disposed on an inner surface of a refrigerant vessel, in communication with an annular liquid film that forms around the inner circumference in two-phase fluid systems

Development of a multilayer interference simulation program for MSS systems

This paper discusses the development of a multilayer interference analysis and simulation program which is used to evaluate interference between non-geostationary and geostationary satellites. In addition to evaluating interference, this program can be used in the development of sharing criteria and coordination among various Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) systems. A C++/Windows implementation of this program, called Globalstar Interference Simulation Program (GISP), has been developed