Equations of Transversal Vibration of a Two-Layer Viscoelastic Plate of Constant Thickness

This article discusses the analysis of the general equations of the transverse oscillation of a piecewise-homogeneous viscoelastic plate obtained in the "Oscillations of two-layer plates of constant thickness" article [1]. In this paper, on the basis of a mathematical method, an approximate theory of oscillation of piecewise homogeneous plates is developed, based on considering the plate as a three-dimensional body, on the exact formulation of the three-dimensional mathematical boundary value problem of oscillation under external forces causing transverse oscillations.The theoretical results obtained for solving dynamic problems of transverse vibrations of piecewise homogeneous two-layer plates of constant thickness, taking into account the viscous properties of their material, make it possible to more accurately calculate the stress-strain state of the plates under non-stationary external loads.In the present work on the basis of a mathematical method, the approached theory of fluctuation of the two-layer plates, based on plate consideration as three dimensional body, on exact statement of a three dimensional mathematical regional problem of fluctuation is stood at the external efforts causing cross-section fluctuations.The received theoretical results for the decision of dynamic problems of cross-section fluctuation of piecewise homogeneous two-layer plates of a constant thickness taking into account viscous properties of their material allow to count more precisely the is intense-deformed status of plates at non-stationary external loadings

Smart Helmet for Drunk & Drive Detection and Alert System

The rise in road accidents in our country is primarily due to the negligence of not wearing helmets, reckless driving, and drunk driving, which can result in serious head injuries or even death if prompt medical attention is not given. To ensure the safety of bikers, it is crucial to have a system that mandates helmet use. This project presents the development of a smart helmet module with sensors that detect alcohol consumption and helmet use. The module also includes a GSM module that sends out an accident alert along with the GPS module for location tracking and Blink sensor is used to check the sobriety of the driver

О повышении экономической и экологической эффективности процесса водоприготовления

The paper contains results of the investigations pertaining to specific volume and composition of neutral and acid portions of the used reclaiming solution of H-cationic filters used in a chemical desalting plant. The filters operate in accordance with small run-off technology and they are applied for regeneration of Na-cationic filter and acidification of limed water for replenishment of a heating system.Приведены результаты исследований удельного объема и составов нейтральных и кислых частей отработанного регенерационного раствора Н-катионитных фильтров химобессоливающей установки, работающих по малосточной технологии и использование их для регенерации Ка-катионитного фильтра и подкисления известкованной воды для подпитки тепловой сети

Pore Characteristics for Efficient CO2 Storage in Hydrated Carbons

Development of new approaches for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is important in both scientific and technological aspects. One of the emerging methods in CO2 capture research is based on the use of gas-hydrate crystallization in confined porous media. Pore dimensions and surface functionality of the pores play important roles in the efficiency of CO2 capture. In this report, we summarize work on several porous carbons (PCs) that differ in pore dimensions that range from supermicropores to mesopores, as well as surfaces ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Water was imbibed into the PCs, and the CO2 uptake performance, in dry and hydrated forms, was determined at pressures of up to 54 bar to reveal the influence of pore characteristics on the efficiency of CO2 capture and storage. The final hydrated carbon materials had H2O-to-carbon weight ratios of 1.5:1. Upon CO2 capture, the H2O/CO2 molar ratio was found to be as low as 1.8, which indicates a far greater CO2 capture capacity in hydrated PCs than ordinarily seen in CO2-hydrate formations, wherein the H2O/CO2 ratio is 5.72. Our mechanistic proposal for attainment of such a low H2O/CO2 ratio within the PCs is based on the finding that most of the CO2 is captured in gaseous form within micropores of diameter less than 2 nm, wherein it is blocked by external CO2-hydrate formations generated in the larger mesopores. Therefore, to have efficient high-pressure CO2 capture by this mechanism, it is necessary to have PCs with a wide pore size distribution consisting of both micropores and mesopores. Furthermore, we found that hydrated microporous or supermicroporous PCs do not show any hysteretic CO2 uptake behavior, which indicates that CO2 hydrates cannot be formed within micropores of diameter 1–2 nm. Alternatively, mesoporous and macroporous carbons can accommodate higher yields of CO2 hydrates, which potentially limits the CO2 uptake capacity in those larger pores to a H2O/CO2 ratio of 5.72. We found that high nitrogen content prevents the formation of CO2 hydrates presumably due to their destabilization and associated increase in system entropy via stronger noncovalent interactions between the nitrogen functional groups and H2O or CO2

Perylene Diimide as a Precise Graphene-like Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic

Here we show that the active portion of a graphitic nanoparticle can be mimicked by a perylene diimide (PDI) to explain the otherwise elusive biological and electrocatalytic activity of the nanoparticle construct. Development of molecular analogues that mimic the antioxidant properties of oxidized graphenes, in this case the poly(ethylene glycolated) hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG–HCCs), will afford important insights into the highly efficient activity of PEG–HCCs and their graphitic analogues. PEGylated perylene diimides (PEGn–PDI) serve as well-defined molecular analogues of PEG–HCCs and oxidized graphenes in general, and their antioxidant and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) properties were studied. PEGn–PDIs have two reversible reduction peaks, which are more positive than the oxidation peak of superoxide (O2•–). This is similar to the reduction peak of the HCCs. Thus, as with PEG–HCCs, PEGn–PDIs are also strong single-electron oxidants of O2•–. Furthermore, reduced PEGn–PDI, PEGn–PDI•–, in the presence of protons, was shown to reduce O2•– to H2O2 to complete the catalytic cycle in this SOD analogue. The kinetics of the conversion of O2•– to O2 and H2O2 by PEG8–PDI was measured using freeze-trap EPR experiments to provide a turnover number of 133 s–1; the similarity in kinetics further supports that PEG8–PDI is a true SOD mimetic. Finally, PDIs can be used as catalysts in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction in water, which proceeds by a two-electron process with the production of H2O2, mimicking graphene oxide nanoparticles that are otherwise difficult to study spectroscopically

Adhesion characteristics of solution treated environmental dust

Environmental dust is modified towards self-cleaning applications under the gravitational influence. Dust particles are collected in the local area of Dammam in Saudi Arabia and they are treated with a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution. The changes in chemical and adhesion characteristics of the dust particles prior and after the solution treatment are analyzed. Force of adhesion and work required to remove dust from hydrophobic and hydrophilic glass surfaces are assessed, separately, for solution treated and collected dust. We show that aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution treatment modifies some dust components while causing the formation of submicron cracks and nano/submicron porous/pillars like textures on the dust particles. The texture generated on dust surfaces after the solution treatment has a great influence on dust adhesion characteristics. Hence, the solution treated dust particles result in lower adhesion on hydrophobic and hydrophilic glass surfaces as compared to that of untreated dust. The gravitational force enables to remove solution treated dust from inclined glass surfaces, which becomes more apparent for hydrophobic surfaces.The study was supported by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) through Projects# IN171001 and King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (K.A.CARE) to accomplish this work

Improvement of Economical and Ecological Efficiency of Water Preparation Process

The paper contains results of the investigations pertaining to specific volume and composition of neutral and acid portions of the used reclaiming solution of H-cationic filters used in a chemical desalting plant. The filters operate in accordance with small run-off technology and they are applied for regeneration of Na-cationic filter and acidification of limed water for replenishment of a heating system

A DFT and TDDFT Study of Alkylated Trimethylene-Bridged Bis(p-Phenylenediamines)

The conclusions are: (1) LDA predicts fairly well the structures of {pi}-dimers. This has been reported before. Here we show that even the small difference between conformers can be described by LDA. Electron densities suggest a stronger bond is formed in LDA than B3LYP. (2) Though its good performance is possibly due to error cancelations, LDA may be used as a practical tool for large {pi}-dimer systems. (3) TDDFT once again does a good job for the optical transitions. The near-IR band shows a weak dependence on the functional, but a stronger one on the interplanar distance

Smart Helmet for Drunk & Drive Detection and Alert System

The rise in road accidents in our country is primarily due to the negligence of not wearing helmets, reckless driving, and drunk driving, which can result in serious head injuries or even death if prompt medical attention is not given. To ensure the safety of bikers, it is crucial to have a system that mandates helmet use. This project presents the development of a smart helmet module with sensors that detect alcohol consumption and helmet use. The module also includes a GSM module that sends out an accident alert along with the GPS module for location tracking and Blink sensor is used to check the sobriety of the driver

Active Carbon-Based Electrode Materials from Petroleum Waste for Supercapacitors

A supercapacitor is an energy-storage device able to store and release energy at fast rates with an extended cycle life; thus, it is used in various electrical appliances. Carbon materials prepared above 800 °C of activation temperatures are generally employed as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Herein, we report carbon materials prepared from a low-cost petroleum waste carbon precursor that was activated using KOH, MgO, and Ca(OH)2 only at 400 °C. Electrode materials using low-temperature activated carbons were prepared with commercial ink as a binder. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge were employed for the electrochemical performance of the electrodes, and studied in a 3-electrode system in 1 M solutions of potassium nitrate (KNO3) as electrolyte; in addition, the supercapacitive performance was identified in a potential window range of 0.0–1.0 V. The best-performance activated carbon derived from vacuum residue with a specific surface area of 1250.6 m2/g exhibited a specific capacitance of 91.91 F/g