Characterization of sewage sludge from biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater

Nastanak sve većih količina otpadnog mulja posljedica je izgradnje postrojenja za biološku obradu otpadnih voda. Svrha obrade mulja je smanjenje njegove količine i troškova zbrinjavanja. Anaerobnom digestijom se stabilizira otpadni mulj i proizvodi bioplin, obnovljivi izvor energije. U ovom radu je provedena karakterizacija otpadnog mulja nastalog aerobnom obradom farmaceutskih otpadnih voda. Kako bi se odredio potencijal dobivanja bioplina, provedeni su BMP testovi u omjerima inokulum/supstrat i kosupstrat od 0,1 do 3,0 pri 37 oC i 21 dan. Na temelju rezultata dobivenih BMP testovima, odabran je kosupstrat i omjer I/(S+KS) za proces anaerobne digestije. U pokusima je mjeren volumen bioplina, određivani su volumni udjeli metana, ugljikovog dioksida i dušika te je provedena fizikalno-kemijska i mikrobiološka analiza. Najučinkovitiji proces proveden je uz kosupstrat karton i omjer I1/(S+K)=1,0. Najveći volumen bioplina iznosio je 37,50 cm3, a najveći volumni udio metana iznosio je 45,84 %.Construction of plants for biological treatment of wastewater results in increase in amount of sludge. The purpose of sludge treatment is to decrease its amount and the cost of storage. By anaerobic digestion the sludge is stabilized and biogas, a renewable source of energy, is produced. This paper characterizes the sludge which is obtained in the process of aerobic treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. In order to determine the potential for obtaining biogas, BMP tests were conducted at the ratio inoculum/substrate and cosubstrate from 0.1 to 3.0 at 37 C and 21 days. Based on the results of the BMP tests, the cosubstrate has been chosen as well as the ratio I/(S+KS) for the process of anaerobic digestion. In the experiments the volume of biogas was measured, volume ratio of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen was determined, and physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out. The most efficient process was carried out with the cosubstrate cardboard and the ratio I1/(S+K) = 1.0. The largest volume of biogas was 37.50 cm3 and the largest volume ratio of methane was 45.84%

Characterization of sewage sludge from biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater

Nastanak sve većih količina otpadnog mulja posljedica je izgradnje postrojenja za biološku obradu otpadnih voda. Svrha obrade mulja je smanjenje njegove količine i troškova zbrinjavanja. Anaerobnom digestijom se stabilizira otpadni mulj i proizvodi bioplin, obnovljivi izvor energije. U ovom radu je provedena karakterizacija otpadnog mulja nastalog aerobnom obradom farmaceutskih otpadnih voda. Kako bi se odredio potencijal dobivanja bioplina, provedeni su BMP testovi u omjerima inokulum/supstrat i kosupstrat od 0,1 do 3,0 pri 37 oC i 21 dan. Na temelju rezultata dobivenih BMP testovima, odabran je kosupstrat i omjer I/(S+KS) za proces anaerobne digestije. U pokusima je mjeren volumen bioplina, određivani su volumni udjeli metana, ugljikovog dioksida i dušika te je provedena fizikalno-kemijska i mikrobiološka analiza. Najučinkovitiji proces proveden je uz kosupstrat karton i omjer I1/(S+K)=1,0. Najveći volumen bioplina iznosio je 37,50 cm3, a najveći volumni udio metana iznosio je 45,84 %.Construction of plants for biological treatment of wastewater results in increase in amount of sludge. The purpose of sludge treatment is to decrease its amount and the cost of storage. By anaerobic digestion the sludge is stabilized and biogas, a renewable source of energy, is produced. This paper characterizes the sludge which is obtained in the process of aerobic treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. In order to determine the potential for obtaining biogas, BMP tests were conducted at the ratio inoculum/substrate and cosubstrate from 0.1 to 3.0 at 37 C and 21 days. Based on the results of the BMP tests, the cosubstrate has been chosen as well as the ratio I/(S+KS) for the process of anaerobic digestion. In the experiments the volume of biogas was measured, volume ratio of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen was determined, and physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out. The most efficient process was carried out with the cosubstrate cardboard and the ratio I1/(S+K) = 1.0. The largest volume of biogas was 37.50 cm3 and the largest volume ratio of methane was 45.84%

Application of Immobilized TiO2 for Removal of Cu(II) Ions

U ovoj studiji istraživana je adsorpcija Cu(II) iona na smjesi anatasa i rutila, dviju polimorfnih formi TiO2. Istražen je učinak vremena kontakta adsorbens/adsorbat i učinak početne koncentracije Cu(II) na adsorpciju. Rezultati su pokazali da ravnoteža nastupa već nakon jedne minute kontakta Cu(II) i TiO2 te da kapacitet adsorpcije raste s porastom početne koncentracije Cu(II) iona. Eksperimentalni podatci obrađeni su Langmuirovom i Freundlichovom izotermom. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da Freundlichov model bolje opisuje ispitivani adsorpcijski sustav te da je adsorpcija fizikalne prirode. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.The adsorption of Cu(II) ions on a mixture of anatase and rutile, two polymorphic forms of TiO2, was investigated. The influence of the adsorbent/adsorbate contact time as well as the influence of the initial concentration of Cu(II) on the adsorption was monitored. The results showed that equilibrium occurred after only one minute of contact of Cu(II) and TiO2, and that the adsorption capacity increased with initial concentration of Cu(II) ions. Experimental data were processed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The obtained results showed that the Freundlich model better described the investigated adsorption system, and that the adsorption was of a physical nature. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The impact of multiwall carbon nanotubes on the photocatalytic properties of imobilizied TiO2

Industry development, Earth’s population growth, ever increasing need for greater pharmaceuticals production causes irreversible changes in the environment. Photocatalysis is a process that leads to complete decomposition of pharmaceuticals to non-hazardous degradation products under the influence of solar radiation in the presence of a photocatalyst. A photocatalyst, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), is required for photocatalysis. The efficiency of using TiO2 is limited due to the high energy banned zone (3-3.2 eV) so only UV-A light, which makes up 5% of solar radiation, activates the photocatalyst. In order to overcome the problem of prohibited zones and to shift the light response threshold of TiO2 into the visible part of the spectrum, different methods can be used. One of the methods showing the potential is the use of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In this paper a TiO2 / MWCNT composites with various concentrations of MWCNT were prepared. The concentrations of MWCNT ranged from 1.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 wt. % MWCNT relative to the mass of TiO2. It was observed that the concentration of MWCNT affects the photocatalytic activity of the composite obtained. Photocatalytic activity was followed by a degradation of salicylic acid, in a pilot reactor followed by UV-ViS spectrometry, as a modal solution and an example of a pharmaceuticals present in the water. The prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)

The impact of multiwall carbon nanotubes on the photocatalytic properties of imobilizied TiO2

Industry development, Earth’s population growth, ever increasing need for greater pharmaceuticals production causes irreversible changes in the environment. Photocatalysis is a process that leads to complete decomposition of pharmaceuticals to non-hazardous degradation products under the influence of solar radiation in the presence of a photocatalyst. A photocatalyst, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), is required for photocatalysis. The efficiency of using TiO2 is limited due to the high energy banned zone (3-3.2 eV) so only UV-A light, which makes up 5% of solar radiation, activates the photocatalyst. In order to overcome the problem of prohibited zones and to shift the light response threshold of TiO2 into the visible part of the spectrum, different methods can be used. One of the methods showing the potential is the use of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In this paper a TiO2 / MWCNT composites with various concentrations of MWCNT were prepared. The concentrations of MWCNT ranged from 1.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 wt. % MWCNT relative to the mass of TiO2. It was observed that the concentration of MWCNT affects the photocatalytic activity of the composite obtained. Photocatalytic activity was followed by a degradation of salicylic acid, in a pilot reactor followed by UV-ViS spectrometry, as a modal solution and an example of a pharmaceuticals present in the water. The prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)

Comparison of photocatalyst preparation by TiO2 deposition on a support using different methods

Problematika zaštita voda već dugo je jedna od najvažnijih tema zaštite okoliša. Kada se govori o mikroonečišćenjima u vodi jedan od najvećih problema su farmaceutici. Utvrđivanje njihove prisutnosti nije samo posljedica razvoja analitičkih metoda nego i masovne uporabe farmaceutika te njihove sve veće koncentracije u okolišu. U ovom radu su pripremljeni i karakterizirani napredni fotokatalizaori dobiveni kroz dva različita postupka imobilizacije titanijeva dioksida (TiO2) na nosač sol-gel metodom. Imobilizacija je provedena klasičnim i mikrovalnim sušenjem te su katalizatori karakterizirani pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM), energijsko disperzivnom rendgenskom spektroskopijom (EDS) i rendgenskom difrakcijskom analizom (XRD). Aktivnost fotokatalizatora je ispitana kroz sposobnost fotokatalitičke razgradnjom salicilne kiseline (SA) u pilot reaktoru, čija je razgradnja praćena UV-ViS spektrometrom.The issue of water protection has long been one of the most important environmental issues. When it comes to the micropollutants, one of the greatest problems is pharmaceuticals. Their detection is not only a consequence of the development of analytical methods but also of the massive use of pharmaceuticals and their increasing concentration in the environment. In this paper, advanced photocatalysts were prepared and characterized by two different processes of titanium dioxide immobilization (TiO2) on the support through sol-gel method. Immobilization was performed by the classical and microwave-assisted drying, and the catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The photocatalyst activity was tested through the photocatalytic degradation of salicylic acid (SA) in the pilot reactor, monitoring the degradation by the UV-vis spectrometry

Comparison of photocatalyst preparation by TiO2 deposition on a support using different methods

Problematika zaštita voda već dugo je jedna od najvažnijih tema zaštite okoliša. Kada se govori o mikroonečišćenjima u vodi jedan od najvećih problema su farmaceutici. Utvrđivanje njihove prisutnosti nije samo posljedica razvoja analitičkih metoda nego i masovne uporabe farmaceutika te njihove sve veće koncentracije u okolišu. U ovom radu su pripremljeni i karakterizirani napredni fotokatalizaori dobiveni kroz dva različita postupka imobilizacije titanijeva dioksida (TiO2) na nosač sol-gel metodom. Imobilizacija je provedena klasičnim i mikrovalnim sušenjem te su katalizatori karakterizirani pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM), energijsko disperzivnom rendgenskom spektroskopijom (EDS) i rendgenskom difrakcijskom analizom (XRD). Aktivnost fotokatalizatora je ispitana kroz sposobnost fotokatalitičke razgradnjom salicilne kiseline (SA) u pilot reaktoru, čija je razgradnja praćena UV-ViS spektrometrom.The issue of water protection has long been one of the most important environmental issues. When it comes to the micropollutants, one of the greatest problems is pharmaceuticals. Their detection is not only a consequence of the development of analytical methods but also of the massive use of pharmaceuticals and their increasing concentration in the environment. In this paper, advanced photocatalysts were prepared and characterized by two different processes of titanium dioxide immobilization (TiO2) on the support through sol-gel method. Immobilization was performed by the classical and microwave-assisted drying, and the catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The photocatalyst activity was tested through the photocatalytic degradation of salicylic acid (SA) in the pilot reactor, monitoring the degradation by the UV-vis spectrometry

Characterization of sewage sludge from biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater

Nastanak sve većih količina otpadnog mulja posljedica je izgradnje postrojenja za biološku obradu otpadnih voda. Svrha obrade mulja je smanjenje njegove količine i troškova zbrinjavanja. Anaerobnom digestijom se stabilizira otpadni mulj i proizvodi bioplin, obnovljivi izvor energije. U ovom radu je provedena karakterizacija otpadnog mulja nastalog aerobnom obradom farmaceutskih otpadnih voda. Kako bi se odredio potencijal dobivanja bioplina, provedeni su BMP testovi u omjerima inokulum/supstrat i kosupstrat od 0,1 do 3,0 pri 37 oC i 21 dan. Na temelju rezultata dobivenih BMP testovima, odabran je kosupstrat i omjer I/(S+KS) za proces anaerobne digestije. U pokusima je mjeren volumen bioplina, određivani su volumni udjeli metana, ugljikovog dioksida i dušika te je provedena fizikalno-kemijska i mikrobiološka analiza. Najučinkovitiji proces proveden je uz kosupstrat karton i omjer I1/(S+K)=1,0. Najveći volumen bioplina iznosio je 37,50 cm3, a najveći volumni udio metana iznosio je 45,84 %.Construction of plants for biological treatment of wastewater results in increase in amount of sludge. The purpose of sludge treatment is to decrease its amount and the cost of storage. By anaerobic digestion the sludge is stabilized and biogas, a renewable source of energy, is produced. This paper characterizes the sludge which is obtained in the process of aerobic treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. In order to determine the potential for obtaining biogas, BMP tests were conducted at the ratio inoculum/substrate and cosubstrate from 0.1 to 3.0 at 37 C and 21 days. Based on the results of the BMP tests, the cosubstrate has been chosen as well as the ratio I/(S+KS) for the process of anaerobic digestion. In the experiments the volume of biogas was measured, volume ratio of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen was determined, and physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out. The most efficient process was carried out with the cosubstrate cardboard and the ratio I1/(S+K) = 1.0. The largest volume of biogas was 37.50 cm3 and the largest volume ratio of methane was 45.84%

Sorption Potential of Different Forms of TiO2 for the Removal of Two Anticancer Drugs from Water

Anticancer drugs pose a potential risk to the environment due to their significant consumption and biological effect even at low concentrations. They can leach into soils and sediments, wastewater, and eventually into drinking water supplies. Many conventional technologies with more effective advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis are being extensively studied to find an economical and environmentally friendly solution for the removal of impurities from wastewater as the main source of these pharmaceuticals. Since it is impossible to treat water by photocatalysis if there is no sorption of a contaminant on the photocatalyst, this work investigated the amount of imatinib and crizotinib sorbed from an aqueous medium to different forms of photocatalyst. In addition, based on the sorption affinity studied, the applicability of sorption as a simpler and less costly process was tested in general as a potential route to remove imatinib and crizotinib from water. Their sorption possibility was investigated determining the maximum of sorption, influence of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and sorbent dosage in form of the suspension and immobilized on the fiberglass mesh with only TiO2 and in combination with TiO2/carbon nanotubes. The sorption isotherm data fitted well the linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir model for both pharmaceuticals. An increasing trend of sorption coefficients Kd was observed in the pH range of 5–9 with CRZ, showing higher sorption affinity to all TiO2 forms, which was supported by KF values higher than 116 (μg/g)(mL/μg)1/n. The results also show a positive correlation between Kd and temperature as well as sorbent dosage for both pharmaceuticals, while CRZ sorbed less at higher salt concentration. The kinetic data were best described with a pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.995)

Ružička days : International conference 18th Ružička Days “Today Science – Tomorrow Industry” : Proceedings

Proceedings contains articles presented at Conference divided into sections: chemical analysis and synthesis, chemical and biochemical engineering, food technology and biotechnology, medical chemistry and pharmacy, environmental protection and meeting of young chemists