1,489 research outputs found
Entropy engineering in inorganic non-metallic glass
Advances in developing high entropy alloys and ceramics with improved physical properties have greatly broadened their application field from aerospace industry, public transportation to nuclear plants. In this review, we describe the concept of entropy engineering as applicable to inorganic non-metallic glasses, especially for tailoring and enhancing their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. We also present opportunities and challenges in calculating entropy of inorganic non-metallic glass systems, correlating entropy to glass formation, and in developing functional inorganic non-metallic glasses via the entropy concept
On the nature of the electroweak phase transition
We discuss the finite-temperature effective potential of the Standard Model,
\veff, with emphasis on the resummation of the most important infrared
contributions. We compute the one-loop scalar and vector boson self-energies in
the zero-momentum limit. By solving the corresponding set of gap equations,
with the inclusion of subleading contributions, we find a non-vanishing
magnetic mass for the gauge bosons. We comment on its possible
implications for the nature of the electroweak phase transition. We also
discuss the range of validity of our approximations and compare this with other
approaches.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 2 postscript figures appended at the end,
CERN-TH.6577/92, IEM-FT-58/9
Emergence of communities on a coevolutive model of wealth interchange
We present a model in which we investigate the structure and evolution of a
random network that connects agents capable of exchanging wealth. Economic
interactions between neighbors can occur only if the difference between their
wealth is less than a threshold value that defines the width of the economic
classes. If the interchange of wealth cannot be done, agents are reconnected
with another randomly selected agent, allowing the network to evolve in time.
On each interaction there is a probability of favoring the poorer agent,
simulating the action of the government. We measure the Gini index, having real
world values attached to reality. Besides the network structure showed a very
close connection with the economic dynamic of the system.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure
Standard Model Higgs boson mass from inflation: two loop analysis
We extend the analysis of \cite{Bezrukov:2008ej} of the Standard Model Higgs
inflation accounting for two-loop radiative corrections to the effective
potential. As was expected, higher loop effects result in some modification of
the interval for allowed Higgs masses m_min<m_H<m_max, which somewhat exceeds
the region in which the Standard Model can be considered as a viable effective
field theory all the way up to the Planck scale. The dependence of the index
n_s of scalar perturbations on the Higgs mass is computed in two different
renormalization procedures, associated with the Einstein (I) and Jordan (II)
frames. In the procedure I the predictions of the spectral index of scalar
fluctuations and of the tensor-to-scalar ratio practically do not depend on the
Higgs mass within the admitted region and are equal to n_s=0.97 and r=0.0034
respectively. In the procedure II the index n_s acquires the visible dependence
on the Higgs mass and and goes out of the admitted interval at m_H below m_min.
We compare our findings with the results of \cite{DeSimone:2008ei}.Comment: 24 paged, 9 figures. Journal version (typos fixed, expanded
discussions
Reconstruction of the Primordial Power Spectrum by Direct Inversion
We introduce a new method for reconstructing the primordial power spectrum,
, directly from observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). We
employ Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to invert the radiation perturbation
transfer function. The degeneracy of the multipole to wavenumber
linear mapping is thus reduced. This enables the inversion to be carried out at
each point along a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) exploration of the combined
and cosmological parameter space. We present best--fit obtained
with this method along with other cosmological parameters.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure
The electroweak phase transition with a singlet
We study the electroweak phase transition in the minimal extension of the
Standard Model: an extra complex singlet with zero vacuum expectation value.
The first-order phase transition is strengthened by the cubic term triggered in
the one-loop effective potential by the extra boson. Plasma effects are
considered to leading order: they shield the cubic terms and weaken the
first-order phase transition. We find a region in the parameter space where
baryon asymmetry washout is avoided for Higgs masses consistent with present
experimental bounds. However in that region the theory becomes non-perturbative
for scales higher than .Comment: 11 pages (plus 5 figures.ps available upon request), latex,
IEM-FT-67/9
The scaling attractor and ultimate dynamics for Smoluchowski's coagulation equations
We describe a basic framework for studying dynamic scaling that has roots in
dynamical systems and probability theory. Within this framework, we study
Smoluchowski's coagulation equation for the three simplest rate kernels
, and . In another work, we classified all self-similar
solutions and all universality classes (domains of attraction) for scaling
limits under weak convergence (Comm. Pure Appl. Math 57 (2004)1197-1232). Here
we add to this a complete description of the set of all limit points of
solutions modulo scaling (the scaling attractor) and the dynamics on this limit
set (the ultimate dynamics). The main tool is Bertoin's L\'{e}vy-Khintchine
representation formula for eternal solutions of Smoluchowski's equation (Adv.
Appl. Prob. 12 (2002) 547--64). This representation linearizes the dynamics on
the scaling attractor, revealing these dynamics to be conjugate to a continuous
dilation, and chaotic in a classical sense. Furthermore, our study of scaling
limits explains how Smoluchowski dynamics ``compactifies'' in a natural way
that accounts for clusters of zero and infinite size (dust and gel)
Minimizing the stabbing number of matchings, trees, and triangulations
The (axis-parallel) stabbing number of a given set of line segments is the
maximum number of segments that can be intersected by any one (axis-parallel)
line. This paper deals with finding perfect matchings, spanning trees, or
triangulations of minimum stabbing number for a given set of points. The
complexity of these problems has been a long-standing open question; in fact,
it is one of the original 30 outstanding open problems in computational
geometry on the list by Demaine, Mitchell, and O'Rourke. The answer we provide
is negative for a number of minimum stabbing problems by showing them NP-hard
by means of a general proof technique. It implies non-trivial lower bounds on
the approximability. On the positive side we propose a cut-based integer
programming formulation for minimizing the stabbing number of matchings and
spanning trees. We obtain lower bounds (in polynomial time) from the
corresponding linear programming relaxations, and show that an optimal
fractional solution always contains an edge of at least constant weight. This
result constitutes a crucial step towards a constant-factor approximation via
an iterated rounding scheme. In computational experiments we demonstrate that
our approach allows for actually solving problems with up to several hundred
points optimally or near-optimally.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, Latex. To appear in "Discrete and Computational
Geometry". Previous version (extended abstract) appears in SODA 2004, pp.
430-43
Exclusive Queueing Process with Discrete Time
In a recent study [C Arita, Phys. Rev. E 80, 051119 (2009)], an extension of
the M/M/1 queueing process with the excluded-volume effect as in the totally
asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) was introduced. In this paper, we
consider its discrete-time version. The update scheme we take is the parallel
one. A stationary-state solution is obtained in a slightly arranged matrix
product form of the discrete-time open TASEP with the parallel update. We find
the phase diagram for the existence of the stationary state. The critical line
which separates the parameter space into the regions with and without the
stationary state can be written in terms of the stationary current of the open
TASEP. We calculate the average length of the system and the average number of
particles
Direct observation by resonant tunneling of the B^+ level in a delta-doped silicon barrier
We observe a resonance in the conductance of silicon tunneling devices with a
delta-doped barrier. The position of the resonance indicates that it arises
from tunneling through the B^+ state of the boron atoms of the delta-layer.
Since the emitter Fermi level in our devices is a field-independent reference
energy, we are able to directly observe the diamagnetic shift of the B^+ level.
This is contrary to the situation in magneto-optical spectroscopy, where the
shift is absorbed in the measured ionization energy.Comment: submitted to PR
- …