Dietary Supplement Usage And Motivation In Brazilian Road Runners.

The consumption of dietary supplements is highest among athletes and it can represent potential a health risk for consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of consumption of dietary supplements by road runners. We interviewed 817 volunteers from four road races in the Brazilian running calendar. The sample consisted of 671 male and 146 female runners with a mean age of 37.9 ± 12.4 years. Of the sample, 28.33% reported having used some type of dietary supplement. The main motivation for this consumption is to increase in stamina and improve performance. The probability of consuming dietary supplements increased 4.67 times when the runners were guided by coaches. The consumption of supplements was strongly correlated (r = 0.97) with weekly running distance, and also highly correlated (r = 0.86) with the number of years the sport had been practiced. The longer the runner had practiced the sport, the higher the training volume and the greater the intake of supplements. The five most frequently cited reasons for consumption were: energy enhancement (29.5%), performance improvement (17.1%), increased level of endurance (10.3%), nutrient replacement (11.1%), and avoidance of fatigue (10.3%). About 30% of the consumers declared more than one reason for taking dietary supplements. The most consumed supplements were: carbohydrates (52.17%), vitamins (28.70%), and proteins (13.48%). Supplement consumption by road runners in Brazil appeared to be guided by the energy boosting properties of the supplement, the influence of coaches, and the experience of the user. The amount of supplement intake seemed to be lower among road runners than for athletes of other sports. We recommend that coaches and nutritionists emphasise that a balanced diet can meet the needs of physically active people.114

Metabolic changes induced by energy restriction and vitamin E supplementation in exercised rats

The effects of energy (carbohydrate) restriction and vitamin E supplementation on some exercise-induced metabolic modifications in rats were studied. Male Wistar, eleven-week old rats were fed control, or restricted amounts of a modified control, or control plus vitamin E diets. After feeding the diets for five months, the animals in each group were divided into exercised and non-exercised categories. Before being killed, the rats of the exercised category were required to run on a treadmill to exhaustion. Hepatic and muscular glycogen, plasma glucose, plasma insulin and blood lactate were determined and the time to reach exhaustion was registered. Energy restriction increased hepatic glycogen and resistance to exhaustive exercise and, associated to exercise, lowered the plasma glucose levels. Vitamin E supplementation decreased the resistance to exhaustion in the exercised animals, when compared to energy restriction, but this reduction was not significant in relation to control diet. These results indicate that energy restriction improved physical performance, but vitamin E supplementation did not present the same effect.Este estudo investigou os efeitos da restrição energética (em carboidratos) e da suplementação com vitamina E em parâmetros metabólicos associados ao exercício físico. Ratos machos Wistar, de onze semanas de idade, após receberem dieta controle, restrita (controle modificada) ou suplementada (controle, adicionada de vitamina E), por cinco meses, foram subdivididos em duas categorias: exercitados e não exercitados. Antes do sacrifício, os ratos do grupo exercitado foram submetidos a exercício em esteira até a exaustão. Determinaram-se glicogênio hepático e muscular, glicemia, insulina plasmática e lactato sanguíneo, e registrou-se o tempo para alcançar a exaustão. A restrição energética aumentou o glicogênio hepático e a resistência ao exercício exaustivo e, quando associada ao exercício, reduziu a glicemia. A suplementação com vitamina E reduziu a resistência à exaustão, quando comparada à restrição energética, mas esta redução não foi significativa em relação à dieta controle. Estes resultados indicam que a restrição energética melhorou o desempenho físico, mas a suplementação com vitamina E não apresentou o mesmo efeito.28329

Migración de hierro y níquel, y estabilidad oxidativa del aceite refinado de soja calentado en utensilios culinarios de diversos materiales

Cookware may release some inorganic components into foods during cooking, some of which have undesirable consequences. In fried foods, for instance, oil oxidation is favored by metals. The present study evaluated oxidative stability (AOCS method) and iron and nickel migration (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry) into refined soybean oil in four cycles, with intervals of 24 hours. The cookware materials were glass, aluminum, stainless steel, iron and soapstone. The results demonstrated that the lowest metal migration occurred from glass and aluminum pans while the oil heated in these pans showed the highest oxidative stability. The highest migration of Fe and Ni into the oil occurred from the soapstone and iron pots (3.94 and 3.21 mg _ kg-1, respectively).Nevertheless, increasing loss of oxidative stability was evident in the oils heated in the soapstone, stainless steel and iron cookware, in this order. Since iron migration was lower from glass and aluminum pans, these were considered the best type of materials for fryingDurante la elaboración de alimentos los utensilios culinarios pueden liberar componentes inorgánicos ocasionalmente no deseables. La oxidación del aceite es durante la fritura es favorecida por la presencia de metales. Fue evaluada la migración de hierro y níquel (espectrometría de emisión óptica) y la estabilidad oxidativa (método AOCS) del aceite de soja sometido a cuatro calentamientos con intervalos de 24 horas en cazuelas de vidrio, aluminio, acero inoxidable, hierro y piedra-jabón. La mayor migración de hierro al aceite ocurrió en las cazuelas de hierro (3,94 mg•kg–1) y piedra (3,21 mg _ kg–1), sin diferencia estadística entre ellas. La pérdida progresiva de estabilidad oxidativa fue acentuada en los aceites calentados en utensilios de piedra, acero inoxidable e hierro, en tal orden. Vidrio y aluminio fueron considerados los mejores materiales para la fabricación de cazuelas para frituras, una vez que en ellos la migración de minerales fue más baja y el aceite presentó mayor estabilidad

Whey Protein Hydrolysate Increases Translocation Of Glut-4 To The Plasma Membrane Independent Of Insulin In Wistar Rats.

Whey protein (WP) and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) have the recognized capacity to increase glycogen stores. The objective of this study was to verify if consuming WP and WPH could also increase the concentration of the glucose transporters GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 in the plasma membrane (PM) of the muscle cells of sedentary and exercised animals. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 per group), were treated and fed with experimental diets for 9 days as follows: a) control casein (CAS); b) WP; c) WPH; d) CAS exercised; e) WP exercised; and f) WPH exercised. After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, muscle GLUT-1 and GLUT-4, p85, Akt and phosphorylated Akt were analyzed by western blotting, and the glycogen, blood amino acids, insulin levels and biochemical health indicators were analyzed using standard methods. Consumption of WPH significantly increased the concentrations of GLUT-4 in the PM and glycogen, whereas the GLUT-1 and insulin levels and the health indicators showed no alterations. The physical exercise associated with consumption of WPH had favorable effects on glucose transport into muscle. These results should encourage new studies dealing with the potential of both WP and WPH for the treatment or prevention of type II diabetes, a disease in which there is reduced translocation of GLUT-4 to the plasma membrane.8e7113

Lignocellulosic materials: a binational project in single cell protein production

En este trabajo se analizan las proporciones de algunos aminoácidos de importancia nutricional en fuentes de proteinas convencionales, con las obtenidas a partir de materiales lignocelulósicos. También se comparan lasreacciones de aminoácidos individuales con los aminoácidos esenciales totales (A/E) y la relación entre los aminoácidos esenciales totales y los totales recuperados como nitrógeno (E/T). Estos resultados junto a los valores químicos de los aminoácidos esenciales nos permitieron comparar las cualidades de estas proteínas obtenidas de las diferentes fuentes de carbono. Este tipo de análisis permitió seleccionar las proteinas más adecuadas para una función definida, ya sea como para una ración animal o como posible alimento humano

The expression of and preoperative correlation between heat-shock protein 70, EuroSCORE, and lactate in patients undergoing CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass

Objetive: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) improved symptoms and increased survival and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. However, it should be the main cause of a complex organic systemic inflammatory response that greatly contributes to several postoperative adverse effects. Methods: We aimed to evaluate heat-shock protein 70 (HSP 70) expression as a morbimortality predictor in patients with preserved ventricular function undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to determine their association with the lactate as a marker of tissue hypoperfusion and the EuroSCORE risk score. This is a prospective, observational study including 46 patients and occurring between May and July 2016. Patients without ventricular dysfunction undergoing myocardial revascularization with extracorporeal circulation were included. They were divided into (1) complicated and (2) uncomplicated postoperative evolution groups. EuroSCORE, lactate levels, and HSP 70 expression and their correlations were determined. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the group with complicated evolution had higher EuroSCORE values than the other group. HSP 70 protein levels were significantly increased in the group with uncomplicated evolution and showed similar results. According to our results, HSP family proteins may be independent predictors of uncomplicated evolution in patients without ventricular dysfunction undergoing CABG with CPB. Conclusion: HSP 70 should be a good discriminator and protection marker for complications in cardiac surgery.34215616

The step of incorporation of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086 into “requeijão cremoso” processed cheese does not affect metabolic homeostasis of rats

Dairy product consumption is a common habit in Brazil. These products present a good matrix for probiotic incorporation. Thus, in this study the feasibility of producing a probiotic "requeijao cremoso" incorporated with Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086 in three different steps and its metabolic effect in an animal model for 2 weeks has been evaluated. Wistar adult health rats were randomized into one to five groups (n = 8 for each group): Control (C); "requeijao cremoso" without probiotic (RC); probiotic inoculated in the milk before pasteurization at 65 degrees C/30 min (RPP); "requeijao cremoso" inoculated before the fusion step and consequently exposed to 90 degrees C/5 min (RPF); and "requeijao cremoso" inoculated after fusion step, i.e., once the product temperature reached 50 degrees C (RPAF). At the end of treatment, analysis of molecular markers of proteins of stress and antioxidant system, HSP 25, 60, 70 and 90, SOD and catalase were performed in the animals' muscles by Western Blot technique. The HSP25, HSP90 and catalase levels of C, RPP, RPF, and RPAF were similar, indicating that the homeostasis remained unchanged. The incorporation of B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 in the "requeijao cremoso" was shown to be stable and the microorganism remained viable in all steps tested. The incorporation of the probiotic strain in the fusion stage facilitated the technological process, since it allowed a better homogenization of the product and did not affect the maintenance of the metabolic homeostasis of rats10CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação302763/2014-7; 305804/2017-013/21544-9; 18/24540-8; 2019/21188-