Does the Participation in the Microcredit Programs Increase Consumption of Participating Households? The Case of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh

This paper assesses empirically the impact of the participation in the microcredit program of the Grameen Bank on consumption of participating households. A household level survey was carried out for collecting data (N=521). The results of the empirical estimations indicate that the participation of a household in the microcredit program of the Grameen Bank increases consumption of participating households significantly. But there is non-linearity in the increasing trend in consumption of participating households. The consumption level goes up gradually with the increase in the membership duration up to five years of membership, but the growth rate starts declining after that period of membership.Microcredit, Consumption, Impact Assessment, Grameen Bank, Bangladesh, Agricultural Finance, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty,

Does the Participation in the Microcredit Programs Contribute to the Development of Women Entrepreneurship at the Household Level? Experience from Bangladesh

Microcredit, Women Entrepreneurship Development, Bangladesh, Consumer/Household Economics,

Microfinance and Environment: Does the Participation in the Microcredit Based Social Forestry of Proshika in Bangladesh Improve Environmental Literacy?

The study intends to assess the impact of the participation in the microcredit based social forestry program of Proshika in Bangladesh on the environmental literacy of participating households. The analysis is based on a household-level survey of 450 households. Considering the endogeneity in program participation, the instrumental variable (IV) technique has been used to achieve the objective of the paper. The results indicate that the participation in the social forestry program of Proshika significantly enhances the environmental literacy of participating households.Microcredit, Social Forestry, Environmental Literacy, Proshika, Bangladesh,

Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and the economic growth nexus in Bangladesh: cointegration and dynamic causality analysis

The paper investigates the existence of dynamic causality between the energy consumption, environmental pollutions and economic growth using cointegration analysis for Bangladesh. First, we tested whether any long run relationship exist using Johansen bi-variate cointegration model which is complemented with auto-regressive distributed lag model introduced by Pesaron for the results robustness. Then, we tested for the short run and the long causality relationship by estimating bi-variate vector error correction modeling framework. The estimation results indicate that a unidirectional causality run from energy consumption to economic growth both in the short and the long run; a bi-directional causality from electricity consumption to economic growth in long run but no causal relationship exists in the short run. A uni-directional causality run from CO2 emissions to energy consumption in the long run but it is opposite in the short run. CO2 granger cause to economic growth both in the short and in the long run, which is conflicting to the familiar environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Our results are different from existing analysis for electricity consumption and economic growth, however. The result of dynamic linkage between energy consumption and economic growth significantly reject the ‘neo-classical’ assumption that energy use is neutral to economic growth. Hence clearly an important policy implication, energy can be considered as a limiting factor to the economic growth in Bangladesh and conservation of energy may harm economic spurs. Therefore, it is a challenge for the policy makers to formulate sustainable energy consumption policy to support smooth energy supply for sustainable economic growth

Gender Inequality on the Uses of the Internet: A Study of Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Nowadays, the internet is considered a basic need, and for this, many researchers and academicians are engrossed by this subject. Very few literary works have been found to show gender inequality on the internet uses. For this reason, this study has been conducted. The main objective of this study is to assess the extent of gender inequalities on the uses of the internet in terms of time spends, money spends, data download, data upload, time spends on Social Networking Sites, time spends per access, and online earnings. For conducting this study, a survey questionnaire has been used for collecting primary data. Six hypotheses are developed and tested at a 5% level of significance. Results of the study indicate that there is significant inequality that exists between males and females in terms of time spends on the internet; money spends on the internet, the volume of data download and upload, time spends on social networking sites. Besides exists, an insignificant inequality between males and females in terms of time spends on the internet per access. The study recommends that female internet users need to be more thoughtful in case of information access, online earnings, and internet-based government and semi-government services. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that women need awareness on online earnings, online-based government services, and how effectively they can use information. This study suggests ensuring proper uses of the internet for both males and females equally to make Bangladesh competent

Moina Micrura (Kurz) As A Live Food Substitute For Artemia Salina (L.) In Larval Rearing Of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii (De Man)

sebanyak empat eksperimen utarna iaitu ( i ) penggunaan A . salina dan Moina micrura , sama ada secara tunggal atau gabungan , ( ii ) kadar penelanan Artemia dan M . micrura , ( iii ) penggantian Artemia dengan M . micrura sama ada secara mendadak atau secara beransur-ansur , ( iv ) kesan minyak limpa ikan kod ( CLO ) yang diperkaya dengan kastard telur , telah dijalankan untuk menilai penggunaan M. micrura sebagai makanan hidup yang digunakan pada waktu malarn bagi menggantikan Artemia dalam penternakan larva Macrobrachium rosenbergii .Larva M . rosenbergii yang diberikan diet campuran Artemia dan Moina dan larva yang diberikan Artemia serta diikuti dengan Moina telah memberikan hasil sama ada sama atau lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasca larva yang telah diberi makanan Artemia sahaja

The Challenges of Traditional Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) Retailers of Sylhet in Emergence of Organized Retailing

Organized retailing in Bangladesh is growing rapidly. Though the researchers and academicians studied the retail industry of Bangladesh in different dimension, very few of them intended to explore the challenges of traditional retailers so far. In line with this problem, the objective of this study is to identify the challenges of the traditional FMCGs retailers in emergence of organized retailing in Sylhet city. The study is quantitative in nature, data were collected from 400 traditional retailers on the basis of convenience with a semi-structured questionnaire. In analyzing data, descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used with the SPSS software. The traditional retailing is male dominated, low capital and turnover, small sized business in Sylhet and are facing challenges like decrease in sales and revenue, maintaining more hygienic environment, ensure the availability of quality products, launching the use of technology etc. in emergence of organized retailing. To minimize the challenges, the traditional FMCGs retailers need to be educated to obtain knowledge on business, ensure quality products and services, establish joint venture or partnership with other retailers to create chain stores, design effective loyalty programs and arranging customized merchandize for the loyal customers etc. The present study will help the traditional retailers in identify the real challenges of their business and designing strategies to minimize those. The policy makers and stakeholders may also get insight from the study in formulating policies to protect the traditional retail business from the competition of organized retail

太陽光発電による電化と教育成果に対する含意 : 南アジアにおける実証的知見

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

Effect of Dispersion and Different Carrier Transitions on Absorption Characteristics of GaAs

One of the basic optoelectronic characteristics is the absorption of any optoelectronic device or material. We present the characteristics of pure GaAs and the deviation of ideal spectra. Due to crystal defects, vacancies, impurities, etc., energy states exist in the semiconductor other than the allowed bands (conduction and valence bands). In this research, the effect of transitions between these states on absorption spectra and how the absorption coefficients change with the density and location of those states are analyzed numerically. Among the cases of 0.07 eV, 0.12 eV, and 0.17 eV with the density of 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, the minimum deviation occurs for the states located 0.07 eV below the conduction band and when the energy states have the minimum density of 2% and the deviation increases for the cases of 0.12 eV and 0.17 eV with higher densities.Comment: 9th IEEE International Women in Engineering (WIE) Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2023 (IEEE WIECON-ECE 2023