Modelling and Performance Evaluation of ANFIS Controller-Based Bidirectional Power Management Scheme in Plug-in Electric Vehicles Integrated with Electric Grid

A bi-directional power exchange between the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) and the AC electrical grid is necessary to perform the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) and Grid to Vehicle (G2V) operations. While performing these operations, different power converters and controllers play an important role as mediators between the PEV and electric grid. Various works have demonstrated the utilization of controllers for PEV’s battery power management. However, the existing conventional controllers have technical shortcomings about vulnerability to controller gain, accurate mathematical modelling, poor adaptability, sluggish response to a sudden outburst and lengthy interval execution processing. Therefore, this paper develops an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) control strategy based bidirectional power management scheme to ensure the optimal electrical power flow exchange between the AC electrical grid and battery storage system in PEVs. This paper aims to reduce the stress on the grid power side and utilize the unused power properly. The performance of the ANFIS model is varied using two PEVs based on real-life power consumptions by different loads at home based on five operational modes. Besides, a comparative analysis between the ANFIS controller and the PI controller is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The results illustrate that the proposed ANFIS controller delivers a smoother power injection from the PEV to the AC power grid with the least harmonics as well as achieves a smoother battery profile and less distortion when power is absorbed by PEV battery.publishedVersio

Association of C-reactive protein with bacterial and respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia among children aged <5 years in the PERCH study

Background. Lack of a gold standard for identifying bacterial and viral etiologies of pneumonia has limited evaluation of C-reactive protein (CRP) for identifying bacterial pneumonia. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of CRP for identifying bacterial vs respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) multicenter case-control study. Methods. We measured serum CRP levels in cases with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia and a subset of community controls. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of elevated CRP for "confirmed" bacterial pneumonia (positive blood culture or positive lung aspirate or pleural fluid culture or polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) compared to "RSV pneumonia" (nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal or induced sputum PCR-positive without confirmed/suspected bacterial pneumonia). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the performance of elevated CRP in distinguishing these cases. Results. Among 601 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative tested controls, 3% had CRP ≥40 mg/L. Among 119 HIVnegative cases with confirmed bacterial pneumonia, 77% had CRP ≥40 mg/L compared with 17% of 556 RSV pneumonia cases. The ROC analysis produced an area under the curve of 0.87, indicating very good discrimination; a cut-point of 37.1 mg/L best discriminated confirmed bacterial pneumonia (sensitivity 77%) from RSV pneumonia (specificity 82%). CRP ≥100 mg/L substantially improved specificity over CRP ≥40 mg/L, though at a loss to sensitivity. Conclusions. Elevated CRP was positively associated with confirmed bacterial pneumonia and negatively associated with RSV pneumonia in PERCH. CRP may be useful for distinguishing bacterial from RSV-associated pneumonia, although its role in discriminating against other respiratory viral-associated pneumonia needs further study

Sodium carbonate pre-extraction of Trema orientalis in the production of paper grade pulp

To increase the profitability of the pulp and paper industry, additional value added products from lignocelluloses are needed, and consistent with this goal, a biorefinery concept based on the sodium carbonate pre-extraction of Trema orientalis prior to pulping was proposed. The solid content in the sodium carbonate pre-extracted liquor was much lower than the hot water pre-extraction, which affected the pre-hydrolysis yield and overall pulp yield positively. The alkaline pre-extraction had a beneficial effect on delignification in the subsequent soda-AQ-pulping. In addition, the alkaline pre-extraction improved the pulp bleachability. The papermaking properties of the alkaline pre-extracted soda-AQ pulp were very close to non-extracted pulp after D0EpD1 bleaching

EVALUATION OF GROWTH OF Chlorella ellipsoidea IN DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIA

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea in three different media viz,. medium I (pulse bran), medium II (soil extract) and medium III (inorganic) under the natural environmental conditions. The alga, C. ellipsoidea, reached maximum cell density of 56.32 × 106 cells ml-1 in 10 days in medium I (pulse bran), maximum cell density of 102.99 × 106 cells ml-1 in 11 days in medium II (soil extract) and maximum cell density of 64.23 × 106 cells ml-1 in 12 days in medium III (inorganic medium). The ranges of water temperature, air temperature and light intensity were 22 to 32ºC, 22 to 34ºC and 2.11 to 4.31 (× 103) lux, respectively during the culture period. The average sunshine period was 7.65 ± 1.57 hours. Total alkalinity, free CO2, pH, NO3-N, PO4- P of algal culture medium I, medium II and medium III were 220, 200 and 150 mg L-1 ; 26, 9 and 19 mg L-1; 7.9, 7.6 and 7.5; 45, 45 and 133.33 mg L-1; 10.9, 15.1 and 37.06 mg L-1 , respectively. Cell densities of cultures of C. ellipsoidea under three treatments I, II and III, it can be concluded that cell densities under 3 treatments are significantly different (F=39.78) and treatment II (soil extract medium) is the best for algal (C. ellipsoidea) culture among three treatments

Comparative efficacy of Neem leaves and Ivermectin (Ivomec®) against ectoparasites in calves

The experiment was carried out for 28 days from August to September 2007 to investigate the efficacy of Ivermectin and Neem plants against ectoparasites in calves. Effect of Ivermectin and Neem plants on certain blood parameters hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TEC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were studied in calves. A total of 15 calves were examined for the presence of ticks by physical examination and were divided into three equal groups as, Group A (infected control group), Group B (treated with Neem) and Group C (treated with Ivermectin). The therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin was 100% against ectoparasites in calves on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the treatment of Ivermectin. Ivermectin and Neem showed significant effectiveness at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of post treatment. The effects on TEC, Hb level was increased significantly at 7th, 14th and 28th day of treatment and PCV level was increased significantly on 28th day of treatment. On the other hand indigenous medicinal plant Neem leaves shown the efficacy of 68% at day 28 and body weight of Ivermectin and Neem treated calves also increased. All the calves after Ivermectin injection and Neem spray remained healthy, no adverse effect and calves appetite increased, growth and coat color improved rapidly

GROWTH AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES OF CROSSBRED CLIMBING PERCH KOI, Anabas testudineus IN BANGLADESH

The study was performed for evaluating the growth and production performances of crossbred climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) during August to October 2009. The crossbred groups of fish were produced by crossing between native climbing perch and Thai climbing perch (A. testudineus). Growth and production performances was compared at grow out condition between crossbred groups in the two reciprocal crosses of treatments viz. T1: Native climbing perch (♀) × Thai climbing perch (♂) and T2: Thai climbing perch (♀)×Native climbing perch (♂. At the same time, they were compared also with their respective control F1 pure line groups i.e. T3: Native climbing perch (♀) × Native climbing perch (♂) and T4: Thai climbing perch (♀) × Thai climbing perch (♂). It was evident from the results that among the treatments in grow out system, the highest mean harvesting weight was 69.25±9.01 g found in T4 (Thai climbing perch), which was significantly different (P0.05) between them but significant among all other treatments. The highest (93.60%) and lowest (83.06%) survival rates were observed in Thai koi (T4) and native Koi (T3) parental stocks, respectively. Wider variations in terms of productions performances were observed among the treatments, where the gross production of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 2,753±96.67, 3,401±73.26, 1,733±168.47 and 4,051±185 kg/ha, respectively. The productions obtained from crossbred groups were at intermediate compared to their control pure line groups. Higher FCR mean value was observed in native control line (T3), while, lower FCR mean value was observed in Thai control line (T4)

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF FEATHER BACK, CHITAL (Notopterus chitala, Ham.) CULTURED IN A POND OF BANGLADESH

Studies on Gonadosomatic index (GSI), ova diameter and histology of the gonad were performed to understand reproductive biology of Feather back, Chital (Notopterus chitala) for a period of 6 months from January to June 2010. Thirty live chital fish were used in this study. The mean GSI values for female chital were found to range between 0.20±0.013 and 4.63±0.50. The highest GSI value was found in June. The smallest diameter of ovum was recorded 0.04 mm (January) and the largest was 4.00 mm (June). During the experimental period, the fecundity was ranged from 8,238 to 18,569 (mean 13,052±4607) in fish samples with body weight range from 1,296 to 2,360 (mean 1,742.50±474.44 g) while the relative fecundity was 5.65 to 14.33. Histological study revealed that the percentage of late perinucleolus (LPN) stage was highest in April and Cortical alveoli (CA) stage appeared from April and reached to maximum in May. Vitellogenic stage (VG) appeared in the month of May and chronologically increased through June. Vitellogenic stage (VG) of oocyte as well as highest ova diameter reached to the peak in June. The variations in the gonad weight and GSI of the female fish reached to the peak during June indicating maturity of ovary and definite spawning season

Effect of Vermicompost and NPKS Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Red Amaranth

Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and NPKS fertilizers on growth and yield of red amaranth in &quot;Level Barind Tract (AEZ-25)&quot; soils of Bangladesh during the period from November 2001 to January 2002. The land was medium fertile and P was 5.4. yield increased by T (307.1%) followed by T (305.7%). The yield of red amaranth was strongly correlated with total dry matter (r = 0.994**), plant height (r = 0.967**), leaf length (r = 0.951**) and also stem length (r = 0.937**). The results showed that effects of vermicompost are more efficient for the vigorous production of red amaranth. It is also suggested that vermicompost (10 t/ha) + NPKS (50%) is more favorable for vigorous production of red amaranth and maintenance of soil environment but vermicompost (5 t/ha) + NPKS (100%) can be economically and environmentally suitable